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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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bāriǧaẗ بارِجة , pl. bawāriǧᵘ 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√BRǦ 
n.f. 
1 warship, battleship; 2 barge – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ While earlier research tried to trace this word back, or at least somehow link it, to Ind, Pers, Copt, or m/lLat origins, ClassAr lexicographical tradition as well as Rolland2015_BRǦ stick to the Ar root ↗BRǦ, see DISC below. 
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▪ Rolland2014a#bāriǧaẗ ‘cuirassé, vaisseau amiral; forte tête’: »L’origine de ce mot est aussi obscure que celle des formes du lLat barca et du mLat barga qui sont à l’origine des Fr barque et Engl barge. Peut-être vient-il, come on l’a supposé pour ce dernier, du Copt bari via le Grk bâris ‘espèce de bateau plat utilisé en Égypte’, ou d’un autre bâris signifiant ‘domaine, grande maison fortifiée’ (Chantraine).1 Dozy le croit issu, après altération, d’un mot Ind bīrah ‘barque’. À moins qu’il ne vienne du Pers bār-gāh ‘cour royale, palais; ventre des femelles d’animaux’, ou qu’il ait quelque rapport avec ↗burǧ […]. Peut-être est-il enfin le résultat d’une fusion de tous ces éventuels étymons2 . Reig est le seul à donner le sens figuré de ‘forte tête’. Quant à un éventuel rapport avec bāriǧ ‘marin expérimenté’, donné par certains auteurs (dont Belot), il est possible, mais comme nous ignorons l’origine de ce dernier mot, cela ne nous avance guère.«
▪ Rolland2015_BRǦ: »nous faisons l’hypothese que les vocables burǧ ‘angle’, bāriǧ ‘marin habile’ et bāriǧaẗ ‘vaisseau de guerre’ relèvent… d’un sens disparu ‘couper, fendre’ qu’aura eu jadis une forme verbale de la racine √BRǦ.«
▪ Cf. also Gabal2012 I:101 who defines the basic meaning of the Ar root BRǦ as ‘appearance/emergence of s.th. intensely brilliant from the inside of a thing on its surface’ (burūz nāṣiʕin qawiyyin min bayni mā yaktanifu-hū fī ẓāhir al-šayʔ) and thinks that big ships are called bawāriǧᵘ because they appear so prominently on the surface of water, attracting attention through their bigness and height. 
▪ If there should be any relation between Ar bāriǧaẗ and m/lLat words for small vessels, then bāriǧaẗ is akin to Engl barge, »c. 1300, ‘small seagoing vessel with sails’, from oFr barge, oProv barca, from mLat barga, perhaps from Celt, or perhaps from Lat *barica, from Grk baris ‘Egyptian boat’, from Copt bari ‘small boat’«, and bark ‘any small ship’, »eC15, from mFr barque (C15), from lLat barca (c. 400), probably cognate with vulgLat *barica (see barge). More precise sense of ‘three-masted ship’ (C17) often is spelled barque to distinguish it« – EtymOnline
For other items of the root, see ↗BRǦ, ↗tabarraǧa, ↗burǧ
BRḤ برح 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Feb2023
√BRḤ 
“root” 
▪ BRḤ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ BRḤ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ BRḤ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘wide empty expanse of land; to be clear, come out in the open; to depart; to cause hardship’ 
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BRD برد 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021, last updated 3Oct2022
√BRD 
“root” 
▪ BRD_1 ‘cold’ ↗bard; ‘hail’ ↗barad,
▪ BRD_2 ‘garment’ ↗burd
▪ BRD_3 ‘to file (a piece of metal, etc.)’ ↗barada
▪ BRD_4 ‘collyrium’ ↗barūd
▪ BRD_5 ‘post, mail’ ↗barīd
▪ BRD_6 ‘papyrus’ ↗bardī
▪ BRD_7 ‘saltpeter; gunpodwer’ ↗bārūd
▪ BRD_ ‘…’ ↗
 
▪ BRD_1 bard ‘cold’, barad ‘hail’: from Sem *BRD‘to be cold’, *barad- ‘hail.’
▪ BRD_2 burd ‘garment’: perh. from Phlv pardag ‘curtain, veil’, from Ir partaka ‘piece of fabric, curtain’, from IE pelə ‘flat, extended’, or (Dozy) related to ↗bardī ~ burdī ‘papyrus’ (bot.) and ↗burdaẗ ‘long wollen gown made of wool’, cf. purdah.
▪ BRD_3 barada ‘to file (a piece of metal, etc.)’: …
▪ BRD_4 barūd ‘collyrium’: …
▪ BRD_5 barīd ‘post, mail’: traditionally regarded as a lw. from Pers, or Phlv, or (< ByzGrk) < lLat; but see discussion ↗s.v.
▪ BRD_6 bardī ‘papyrus’: …
▪ BRD_7 bārūd ‘saltpeter; gunpodwer’: prob. from nGrk purítida ‘id.’
▪ BRD_ ‘…’ ↗
 
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DRS 2 (1994) #BRD-1 Mand barda ‘froid’; Ar baruda ‘être froid, frais; être en bon état’; ṮamAr brd ‘adoucir une douleur’; SAr brd ‘froid’; Gz ʔabrada ‘refroidir’; Te bärd̈a, bärdädä, Amh bärrädä ‘devenir froid’. – Hbr bārād, oAram brd, JP Syr bardā, nSyr berda, Ar barad, SAr brd, Gz barad, Te Tña bäräd, Amh bärädo ‘grêle’. -2 Hbr *bārōd ‘tacheté’; Syr bārdā ‘foncé, couleur olive (vêtement)’; nSyr birdā ‘tacheté’; Ar burd : étoffe rayée ou à ramages; YemAr ʔabrad ‘bigarré’. -3 Ar barada ‘limer’; Śḥr eñberéd ‘lime’; Tña bärädä ‘limer’. -4 Ug brd ‘couper’?, ‘offrir’?. -5 Syr bʔrwd ‘nitre’, nSyr bārūd, bārūt ‘poudre à fusil, salpêtre’; Ar bārūd ‘salpêtre, nitre’; collAr ‘poudre à fusil’; Soq barūd, Mhr bārûd ‘poudre à fusil’. -6 Aram bʔrwdʔ, byrydʔ ‘cheval de poste’; Ar barīd ‘cheval ou chameau de poste, courrier’; SAr brdn ‘émissaire, ambassadeur’. -7 Te bärräǧä ‘danser la danse de guerre’; Har (tä)brāǧä ‘être secoué par des mouvements nerveux’; ?Amh täbräǧärräǧä ‘avoir le vertige pour avoir bu’. -8 Ar burdiyy : espèce de dattes (du Hedjaz). -9 bardiyy : sorte de roseau; (ʔa)bardī ‘touffe de papyrus’, waraq al-bardī ‘papier de papyrus’ -10 Amh boräǧ ‘jaunir (p.e. poivron)’.
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