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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ṣaydalī صَيْدَليّ , pl. ṣayādilaẗ 
ID 527 • Sw – • BP 6852 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021 | latest update 15Jul2021
√ṢYDL 
n. 
pharmacist, druggist, apothecary – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ Today, ṣaydalī is more common than †ṣandalī for ‘chemist, pharmacist’. But ṣaydalī (which still can take the pl. ṣanādilaẗ!) is originally a *‘seller of sandal powder’ (used in medicine) – Rolland2014a. (A variant of †ṣandalī, †ṣandalānī, is attested, for instance, in Wahrmund1887 or, for OttTu, in Redhouse1890 with the meaning ‘dealer in sandal wood, druggist and perfumer’.) Thus, ṣaydalī is based on ↗ṣandal ‘sandal wood’ (which is of ultimately Ind origin).
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▪ ↗ṣandal.
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▪ ↗ṣandal.
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►ṣaydalaẗ, n.f., apothecary’s trade; pharmacy, pharmacology
►ṣaydalānī, n., pharmacist, druggist, apothecary
►ṣaydaliyyaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., pharmacy; drugstore
►ṣaydaliyyāt, non-hum.pl., drugs, pharmaceutics
 
ṢYR صير 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Apr2023
√ṢYR 
“root” 
▪ ṢYR_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢYR_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢYR_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to become, to change from one condition to another, reach a state; to return to; to go to; conclusion, destiny; to ripen, dry up’ 
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ṢYṢ صيص 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Apr2023
√ṢYṢ 
“root” 
▪ ṢYṢ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢYṢ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢYṢ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘long sharp cow-horn; spearhead; fortress, stronghold’ 
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ṢYF صيف 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Apr2023
√ṢYF 
“root” 
▪ ṢYF_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢYF_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢYF_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘summer, summertime, to spend the summer, the heat of day; to veer, to turn away from’ 
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ḍād ضاد 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ 
R₁ 
The letter ḍ of the Arabic alphabet. 
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► 
ḌʔN ضأن 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Mar2023
√ḌʔN 
“root” 
▪ ḌʔN_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌʔN_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌʔN_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘sheep, to have plenty of sheep; weak, spineless male’ 
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ḌBḤ ضبح 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Mar2023
√ḌBḤ 
“root” 
▪ ḌBḤ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌBḤ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌBḤ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘cinder, ashes, lightly roasted meat, to scorch; calls of foxes, owls and rabbits, panting of horses as they run’ 
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ḌǦʕ ضجع 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Mar2023
√ḌǦʕ 
“root” 
▪ ḌǦʕ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌǦʕ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌǦʕ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘place where one sleeps; to lie on one’s side, to recline; to neglect one’s duties’ 
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ḌḤK ضحك 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Mar2023
√ḌḤK 
“root” 
▪ ḌḤK_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌḤK_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌḤK_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘laughing matter, object of scorn; to laugh, ridicule, jeer; (of the earth) to bring forth plants and flowers’ 
▪ With (partly) dissimilation (*-Q > Ar -K) from protSem *√Ṣ́ḤQ or *√ṢḤQ ‘to laugh’ – Huehnergard2011.
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ḌḤW ضحو 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Mar2023
√ḌḤW 
“root” 
▪ ḌḤW_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌḤW_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌḤW_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘the breaking of day, daylight, the brief time of mid-morning, to enter at the time of mid-morning, to expose o.s. to the sun; to appear, to appear conspicuously; suburb and surroundings; sacrificial animal, to sacrifice’ 
▪ From WSem *√Ṣ́ḤW, also *√ṢḤW, *√ṢḤY, *√ṢḤḤ, ‘to be(come) bright, dazzling’ – Huehnergard2011.
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ḌDː (ḌDD) ضدّ/ضدد 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Mar2023
√ḌDː (ḌDD) 
“root” 
▪ ḌDː (ḌDD)_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌDː (ḌDD)_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌDː (ḌDD)_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘opposition, adversary, to oppose; peer; to meet one’s match; to fill up’ 
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ḌRː (ḌRR) ضرّ / ضرر 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḌRː (ḌRR) 
“root” 
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_1 ‘to do harm, damage, hurt, cause a loss, bring pressure to bear’ ↗ḍarra
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_2 ‘to force, compel; necessity, need, constraint’ ↗ḍarūraẗ
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_3 ‘second wife’ ↗¹ḍarraẗ
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_4 ‘udder’ ↗²ḍarrat
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_5 ‘blind’ ↗ḍarīr

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘affliction, shortage of money, having no children; blindness; to harm, to impair, to disadvantage; to compel; to afflict one’s wife by marrying another’ 
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_1,3,5 : The primary value seems to be ‘hostility, rivalry’ and ‘causing harm’ ([v1]), hence also [v3] the ‘rival-wife’ and [v5] ‘blind’ (< *‘harmed, injured, suffering a loss of eye-sight’).
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_2 : It is tempting to derive also the theme of ‘being compelled’ from [v1], interpreting it as the result of imminent aggression or danger represented by an enemy, causing a feeling of ‘being forced’ into a situation of ‘emergency’, hence also ‘necessity, constraint’ in general. Etymologically, however, [v2] may be a distinct value, dependent on the notion of *‘to bind, tie up, restrict’ (see below, section COGN).
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_4 : No obvious relation between ‘udder’ and the other items in the root. 
▪ … 
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_1 : (BDB1906, Leslau2006) Akk ṣarāru ‘to be hostile’, ṣarru ‘foe’, Ug *ṣrr ‘to hurt, afflict’, ṣr-t ‘enemy’, Hbr ṣārar ‘to shew hostility toward, vex’, Hbr nHbr ṣar ‘adversary, foe’, Aram ʕār ‘enemy’, Soq ḍer(r) ‘to strike’, SAr ḍrr ‘to wage war’, Sab ḍr ‘war; foe’, m-ṣr ‘Feldzug’ (Müller2010), Gz ʔaḍrara ‘to become an enemy, be hostile, stir up trouble, start a fight\war’, Te (tə)ṣarära, Tña (tə)ṣarärä ‘to be hostile’, Amh (tä)ṭarrärä ‘to quarrel, be enemiesḍrr, Tña ṣär, Amh ṭäro ‘enemy’.1 . – Cf. also ḌR: (ḌRR)_3 for the related n.f., ‘rival-wife’.
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_2 : (Unless depending on ḌRː/ḌRR_2) (BDB1906) Hbr ṣārar ‘to bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped’, Aram ṣrar, Syr ṣar ‘to bind, tie up’, Hbr ṣar ‘(adj.) narrow, tight; (n.) straits, distress’, ṣᵊrûr ‘bundle, parcel, pouch, bag’ (< *s.th. bound up).
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_3 : (BDB1906) Akk ṣerretu, Hbr ṣārāʰ ‘vexer, rival-wife’, ṣārar ‘to make [a woman] a rival-wife’, Phoen ṣrt, Syr ʕarrᵊṯā ‘rival-wife’. – Cf. also ḌR: (ḌRR)_1 for the overarching notion of ‘hostility, rivalry, etc.’.
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_4 : ?
▪ ḌR: (ḌRR)_5 : no direct correspondances in ‘blindness’; cf., however, ḌR: (ḌRR)_1&3 for the overarching notion of ‘hostility, rivalry, causing harm, injury’. 
See above, section CONC. 
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