Bibliotheca Polyglotta

relatives, folks, ‎family; kin, kinfolk; wife; (with foll. genit.) people, members, followers, adherents, possessors, etc.; ‎inhabitants; deserving, worthy; fit, suited, qualified; eligible, competent; – pl. ʔahlūn members of the ‎family, relatives; (with foll. genit.) adherents, followers, members (of a movement, religion, etc.); – ‎pl. ʔahālⁱⁿ (def. al-ʔahālī) population, inhabitants (of a city, a country); ‏the ‎natives, the native population – WehrCowan1979… – WehrCowan1979.

“[O]riginally meaning ‘those who occupy with one the same ‎tent (Hebrew ōhel)’, thus ‘family, inmates’. Therefore ahl al-Bayt means literally ‘the ‎household of the Prophet’. When the ahl (pl. ahālī) of a town or a country is spoken of it ‎denotes its inhabitants […]. But this word is often connected with other concepts, and is in these ‎combinations more loosely used, so that it may come to mean ‘sharing in a thing, belonging to it’, ‎or ‘owner of the same’, etc.”.¹

1. EI², art. “ahl” ‎‎(anon.).

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See also √ʔHL.

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ʔWD أود

√ʔWD

“root”

▪ ʔWD_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔWD_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔWD_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘weight; effort, hardship; to weigh down; crookedness; to wriggle; to be kind’

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ʔWR أور

√ʔWR

“root”

▪ ʔWR_1 ‘heat, blaze; thirst’ ↗ʔuwār
▪ ʔWR_2 : see also ↗ʔYR

Other values, now obsolete, include (Freytag1830):

▪ ^†ʔWR_3 ‘pudor’: ^†ʔār
▪ ^†ʔWR_4 ‘septentrio, fluxus, motus (nubis)’: ^†ʔawr
▪ ^†ʔWR_5 ‘eurus’: ^†ʔūr
▪ ^†ʔWR_6 ‘durus (de solo etc.)’: ^†ʔawir
▪ ^†ʔWR_7 ‘in efferenda littera rāʔ lingua titubare, ut facere solent balbutientes | difficulté dans la prononciation de la lettre rāʔ, telle que l’éprouvent ceux qui bégaient’: ^†ʔāraẗ
▪ ^†ʔWR_ ‘…’: ^†ʔwr

▪ [v1] : From protSem *ʔR ‘être allumé, briller (lumière, feu) | light’ – DRS, Kogan2011 (following Fronzaroli1965).
▪ [v2] : see also ↗ʔYR
▪ ^†[v3] : According to Freytag1830, ʔār stands for ↗ʕār (√ʕYR), with orig. *ʕ > ʔ.
▪ ^†[v4] : ^†ʔawr ‘septentrio, fluxus, motus (nubis)’ may be from Grk a͗ḗr (cf. ↗^†ʔYR_7)? Or identical with ^†[v5]?
▪ ^†[v5] : ^†ʔūr ‘eurus’ is obviously from Grk Εὖρος Eûros ‘(God of the) (south)east wind’
▪ ^†[v6] : ^†ʔawir ‘durus (de solo etc.)’: = ^†ʔayyir (see ↗ʔayr, section HIST)
▪ ^†[v7] : ^†ʔāraẗ ‘difficulty in pronouncing the letter rāʔ, as experienced by stammerers’: prob. derived from the name of the letter itself, i.e., rāʔ.
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▪ DRS 1 (1994) #ʔWR-1¹ ‘être allumé, briller (lumière, feu)’: Akk ūr-, urr- ‘(heller) Tag | day, daylight’ (K), Ug a͗r, i͗r ‘light’ (K), Hbr ʔōr, ʔōrā ‘lumière, feu | light’; ʔūr ‘feu’; Ug u͗r ‘chaleur(?) | warmth, heat (K)’; Ar ʔirraẗ ‘fire’ (K), ʔuwār ‘ardeur du feu | heat’; Hbr ʔōr ‘être clair’; Ug a͗r ‘éclairer’; Hbr heʔīr ‘faire briller, allumer’; JudPalAram ʔor ‘briller’; Ar ʔawwara, Soq ʔerir|ɛ́rir (K) ‘allumer’, Te ʔarwä ‘to flame, blaze’, ʔarwaẗ ‘flame’.² -2 Syr ʔwrʔ ‘coup, soufflet’. ‑3 Ug a͗rt ‘légumes(?)’; Hbr ʔōrā ‘plante, légume’.³ -4 Hbr ʔūrīm ‘oracle suspendu à l’éphod du grand-prêtre’.⁴ -5 Ar ʔūraẗ ‘mare’. -6 Amh ʔawwärä ‘poussière (soulevée par le vent)’.⁵ || Outside Sem: see ↗ʕWR.

1. Supplemented by data from Kogan2015: 540 #54, marked “(K)”. 2. DRS asks: «Faut-il rattacher Soq ʔere ‘lune’?» For Kogan2015: 540 #54, it is rather clear that the modSAr words for ‘moon’ are related: Mhr ḥā¬ rīt, Jib ʔɛrə́t, Soq ére, all from prot-modSAr *ʔ˅r-(a)t ‘moon’. – Note 1415: For the complex problem of the etymological background of Gz ʔer‘sun, light’ and related EthSem forms v. CDG 36, EDG 118. 3. Here also Ug ʔr ‘malva rotundifolia L.(?)’? 4. Etym. peu claire : < ʔRR ‘maudire’? V. Wellhausen d’ap. LVT 23. < ʔRY ‘arracher’? 5. v. ḤWR, ĠBR.

▪ See above, section CONC.
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