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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic

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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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TWB توب 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√TWB 
“root” 
▪ TWB_1 ‘to repent, turn away from’ ↗tāba, ‘the Relenting one (one of the names of God)’ ↗tawwāb
▪ TWB_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): (this root could be a variant of ṮWB) ‘to return, go back, relent, to encourage s.o. to abandon their bad deeds’ 
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tāb‑ / tub‑ تاب 
ID 117 • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√TWB 
vb., I 
to repent, be penitent, do penance; with ʕan: to turn from (sin), be converted from, renounce, forswear s.th.; (said of God) to restore to His grace, forgive (ʕalà s.o.) – WehrCowan1979. 
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tawbaẗ تَوْبَة 
ID 119 • Sw – • BP 4200 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√TWB 
n.f. 
repentance, penitence, contrition; penance – WehrCowan1979. 
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tawwāb توّاب 
ID 118 • Sw – • BP ... • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√TWB 
adj. 
▪ (adj.) doing penance; repentant, penitent, contrite; forgiving, merciful (God) – WehrCowan1979.
▪ (n.) the Relenting one (one of the names of God, used only of Him in the Qurʔān and only in Madinan passages) – Jeffery1938 
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▪ eC7 Q ii, 35, 51, 122, 155; iv, 20, 67; ix, 105, 119; xxiv, 10; xlix, 12; ex, 3 – Jeffery1938.
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▪ Jeffery1938: »The Muslim authorities take it as a formation from tāba. We have already seen, however, that tāba is a borrowed religious term used by Muḥammad in a technical sense, and Lidzbarski in SBAW, Berlin 1916: 1218, argues that tawwāb instead of being a regular Arabic formation from the already borrowed tāba, is itself a distinct borrowing from the Aram. The Akk taiaru, he says,[(cn :: Lidzbarski admits that Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, 703a, and Zimmern, Akkadische Fremdwörter, 66, had earlier shown the connection between taiaru and tawwāb]) was borrowed into Aram, e.g. into Palm, and the Mand tʔyʔbʔ is but a rendering of the same word. Halevy, JA, viiᵉ sér., vol. x, p. 423, would recognize the word in twb of a Safaite inscription, and if this is correct there would be clear evidence of its use in NArabia in pre-Islamic times.«
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