Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)_1 ‘to tear out, uproot’ ↗ǧaṯṯa
▪ ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)_2 ‘body; corpse, cadaver; carcass’ ↗ǧuṯṯaẗ
▪ ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)_3 ‘mujtathth’ (a poetic metre) ↗muǧtaṯṯ

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

▪ ^†ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)_4 ‘remains of bees mixed with honey; wax’: ^†ǧaṯṯ; cf. also ^†ǧuṯṯ ‘remains of bees in honey; dead locust; envelope of a date; hillock’
▪ ^†ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)_5 ‘palm-tree grove; shoot of palm-tree’: ^†ǧaṯīṯ
▪ ^†ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)_ ‘…’

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘seedling, to transplant; to uproot, eradicate; body, corpse; impurities’

▪ [v1]/[v2] : References mostly deal with [v1] and [v2] as distinct values (the other values seem to be based on the latter, see below). However, the two may be related: [v2] ǧuṯṯaẗ could be, originally, the ‘carcass (of an animal)’ left over after predatory animals have eaten from it by [v1] ‘tearing out’ pieces of flesh etc. from it. Also an inverse derivation – [v1] denominal from [v2] – is not inconceivable, perhaps even more likely.
▪ [v1] : Cognates in Akk and EthSem, perh. also Ug (and Cush). – DRS 3 (1993) thinks one should compare Sem √GD (Ar ^†ǧadda ‘to cut’, see ↗^†ǦDː (ǦDD)_7).
▪ [v2] : Cognates in Nab, Soq and Mhr. – DRS 3 (1993) thinks the item is comparable to Sem GŠD (> Ar ↗ǧasad ‘body’), GŠM (> Ar ↗ǧism ‘body; form, shape’), and GṮM (> Ar ↗ǧuṯmān ‘body, mortal frame’). – Borg2021 #88 juxtaposes Eg (Pyr) ḏt ~ ḏs ‘body of person, image, bodily form of god | Leib’. – According to Landberg1920, DaṯAr has ǧuffaẗ ‘cadavre, charogne’, while the North and Oman say ǧīfaẗ. The author thinks that ǧuṯṯaẗ might be a variant – « une très vieille pronunciation » – of ǧuffaẗ (with ṯ < *f ); « Cela semble conformé par [Hbr] gap̄ ‘corps; personne’ [so also Gesenius2015 s.v. gap̄] et [Hbr] gûp̄āʰ ʻcorps mortʼ [related to Ar ↗ǦWF ‘hollow’?]. »
▪ [v3] : According to Lane, the poetic metre with the syllabic pattern mustafʕilun fāʕilātun fāʕilātun is called muǧtaṯṯ because it looks »as if cut off from the ḫafīf [another poetic metre]«, thus derived from [v1].
▪ ^†[v4] : The values ‘remains of (dead) bees in honey; wax; envelope of a date’ resemble the [v2] ‘carcasses’ left over after predatory animals have satisfied their hunger from a dead animal body; the meaning ‘hillock’ remains obscure.
▪ ^†[v5] : The FaʕīL form ^†ǧaṯīṯ for ‘palm-tree grove; shoot of palm-tree’ suggests that it is a quasi-PP of [v1] ‘to tear out’, likening the grove or shoot of a palm-tree to a trunk.
▪ …

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▪ [gnrl] DRS 3 (1993) GṮṮ-1 [=v1] Akk gašāšu ‘couper, trancher’, Ar ǧaṯṯa ‘déraciner, arracher’, ǧaṯṯ ‘arrachage’, Amh gässäsä ‘annuler, effacer, abîmer, vaincre, déflorer une fille’, Har agäsäsä ‘faire détester’, Gur ‘refuser, désobéir; être abîmé’.¹ -?2 Akk gašīš- ‘poteau, pieu, pal’. -3 [=v2] Nab gt, Ar ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘corps, cadavre’, ǧaṯṯ ‘restes, débris (d’insectes, etc.)’, ǧiṯṯaẗ ‘vétusté, ruine’, Soq gitteh, Mhr diśśet ‘cadavre’.
▪ [v1] Zammit2002, Leslau2006: Akk gašāšu ‘abschneiden’, ?(Ug mgṯ ‘ein Lamm, zum Schlachten geeignet | fatling’), Gz gasasa ‘to scrape away, shave of, pluck out (hair)’, Te gässa ‘to wipe off with the hand, sweep’, Amh gässäsä ‘to efface, wipe out’, Gur (a)gäsäsä ‘to remove completely by cutting and digging’, Ar ĭǧtaṯṯa ‘to tear up, root up’. – Outside Sem: (Cush) Bil Sa gäsäs ‘to wipe’, Kham gis.
▪ [v2] Landberg1920: « ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘cadavre’, inusité dans notre dialecte, qui a pour cela [DaṯAr] ǧuffaẗ ‘cadavre, charogne’, = ǧīfaẗ dans le Nord et en ʿOmān […], et qui est aussi ancient […]; en Ḍofārī ǧiššaẗ ‘Rumpf einer Leiche | tronc d’un mort’ […]. On est en droit de se demander si le classique et dialectal ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘corps’ n’est pas une très vieille prononciation pour ǧuffaẗ: ṯ < f ? Cela semble conformé par [Hbr] gap̄ ‘corps; personne’ [so also Gesenius2015 s.v. gap̄]. Cf. Hbr gûp̄āʰ ʻcorps mortʼ [related to Ar ↗ǦWF ‘hollow’?]. »
▪ [v2] Borg2021 #88 ǧ-ṯ-ṯ : Ar ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘corps, taille et volume du corps (tout de l’homme que des animaux …)’, Saf ǧṯ ‘body, corpse’ (Winnett & Lankester Harding 1978: 633). – Outside Sem, the author compares Eg (Pyr) ḏt ~ ḏs ‘body of person, image, bodily form of god | Leib’ (Faulkner 1962: 317, 251; Wb V 503, 199): jp.n.f ḏt.f ‘er hat seinen Leib bezahlt’ (Assmann 1969: 113).
▪ …

1. WUS 71 rattache Ug mgt (II K 6/18), qu’il traduit par ‘agneau de boucherie’; Driver, Studia Bakos 106 et Caquot, TO 570 lui donnent le sens de ‘bête grasse’, le premier en rapportant à NGṮ, le second à GWṮ. V. MLC 574.

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

ǧaṯṯ‑ / ǧaṯaṯ‑ جَثَّ / جَثَثْــ , u (ǧaṯṯ)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 11Jan2023

√ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)

vb., I

to tear out, uproot (a tree, also fig.) – WehrCowan1976

▪ References mostly deal with the vb. ǧaṯṯa ‘to tear out, uproot’ and the n.f. ↗ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘body; corpse, cadaver; carcass’ as distinct values. However, the former (and esp. its Gt-stem, ĭǧtaṯṯa) may be denominative from the latter, describing the action of ‘tearing out’ (pieces of flesh etc. from a dead animal body) performed by a predatory animal or others, resulting in the hollow, empty ‘carcass’. But also the inverse – ǧuṯṯaẗ derived from the vb. – is not inconceivable, though perh. less likely.
▪ Direct cognates in Akk and EthSem, perh. also Ug (and Cush) (see below, section CONC). – DRS 3 (1993) thinks one should compare Sem √GD (Ar ^†ǧadda ‘to cut’, see ↗^†ǦDː (ǦDD)_7). However, if ǧaṯṯa is based on ǧuṯṯaẗ (see preceding paragraph), there may be other and different cognates (see entry ↗ǧuṯṯaẗ).
▪ According to Lane, the poetic metre ↗muǧtaṯṯ got its name from the fact that it looks »as if cut off from the ḫafīf [another poetic metre]«. Obviously, the word is a PP of the vb. VIII ĭǧtaṯṯa, Gt-stem of ǧaṯṯa.
▪ …

▪ eC7 (ŭǧtuṯṯa, pass. of ĭǧtaṯṯa, vb. VIII) Q 14:26 wa-maṯalu kalimaẗin ḫabīsaẗin ka-šaǧaraẗin ḫabīsaẗin-i ’ǧtuṯṯat min fawqi ’l-ʔarḍi mā la-hā min qarārin ‘and the likeness of an evil word is as an evil tree, uprooted from the surface of the earth, with no power to endure’
▪ Hava1899: ^†miǧaṯṯaẗ, ^†miǧṯāṯ ‘gardener’s trowel’, n.instr.
▪ …

▪ DRS 3 (1993) GṮṮ-1 Akk gašāšu ‘couper, trancher’, Ar ǧaṯṯa ‘déraciner, arracher’, ǧaṯṯ ‘arrachage’, Amh gässäsä ‘annuler, effacer, abîmer, vaincre, déflorer une fille’, Har agäsäsä ‘faire détester’, Gur ‘refuser, désobéir; être abîmé’.² -2 […]. -3 ↗ǧuṯṯaẗ.
▪ Zammit2002, Leslau2006: Akk gašāšu ‘abschneiden’, ?(Ug mgṯ ‘ein Lamm, zum Schlachten geeignet | fatling’), Gz gasasa ‘to scrape away, shave of, pluck out (hair)’, Te gässa ‘to wipe off with the hand, sweep’, Amh gässäsä ‘to efface, wipe out’, Gur (a)gäsäsä ‘to remove completely by cutting and digging’, Ar ĭǧtaṯṯa ‘to tear up, root up’. – Outside Sem: (Cush) Bil Sa gäsäs ‘to wipe’, Kham gis.
▪ …

2. WUS 71 rattache Ug mgt (II K 6/18), qu’il traduit par ‘agneau de boucherie’; Driver, Studia Bakos 106 et Caquot, TO 570 lui donnent le sens de ‘bête grasse’, le premier en rapportant à NGṮ, le second à GWṮ. V. MLC 574.

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

►ĭǧtaṯṯa, vb. VIII, = I: Gt-stem, self-ref.

►muǧtaṯṯ, 1 adj., uprooted (also fig.); 2 n., a poetic metre: PP VIII; nominalisation in the special sense of the "cut off" metre (see above).

For other meanings attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧuṯṯaẗ as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ).

ǧuṯṯaẗ جُثّة , pl. ǧuṯaṯ, ʔaǧṯāṯ

√ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)

n.f.

1a body; b corpse, cadaver; c carcass – WehrCowan1976

▪ References mostly deal with ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘body; corpse, cadaver; carcass’ and the vb. ↗ǧaṯṯa ‘to tear out, uproot’ as distinct values. However, the two may be related: ǧuṯṯaẗ could be, originally, the ‘carcass (of an animal)’ left over after predatory animals have eaten from it by ‘tearing out’ pieces of flesh etc. from it. Perhaps even more likely is also the inverse, i.e., ǧaṯṯa (and esp. its Gt-stem, ĭǧtaṯṯa) denominal from ǧuṯṯaẗ.
▪ Direct cognates in Nab, Soq and Mhr (see below, section COGN). – For the case that ǧuṯṯaẗ is independent from ǧaṯṯa, DRS 3 (1993) suggests to compare Sem GŠD (> Ar ↗ǧasad ‘body’), GŠM (> Ar ↗ǧism ‘body; form, shape’), and GṮM (> Ar ↗ǧuṯmān ‘body, mortal frame’). – Borg2021 #88 juxtaposes Eg (Pyr) ḏt ~ ḏs ‘body of person, image, bodily form of god | Leib’. – According to Landberg1920, DaṯAr has ǧuffaẗ ‘cadavre, charogne’, while the North and Oman say ǧīfaẗ. Based on these data, the author thinks that ClassAr ǧuṯṯaẗ might be a variant – « une très vieille prononciation » – of ǧuffaẗ (with ṯ < *f ); « [c]ela semble conformé par [Hbr] gap̄ ‘corps; personne’ [so also Gesenius2015 s.v. gap̄] et [Hbr] gûp̄āʰ ʻcorps mortʼ [related to Ar ↗ǦWF ‘hollow’?]. »
▪ If related to the vb. ǧaṯṯa, cognates may be different (see entry ↗ǧaṯṯa).
▪ Cf. also ↗^†ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)_ 4 and DRS 3 (1993) GṮṮ-3 (section COGN) for similar “carcasses”.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ DRS 3 (1993) GṮṮ-1 ↗ǧaṯṯa. -2 […]. -3 Nab gt, Ar ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘corps, cadavre’, ǧaṯṯ ‘restes, débris (d’insectes, etc.)’, ǧiṯṯaẗ ‘vétusté, ruine’, Soq gitteh, Mhr diśśet ‘cadavre’.
▪ Landberg1920: Ar ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘cadavre’ ≙ DaṯAr ǧuffaẗ (↗√ǦFː (ǦFF)), NYem ʿOmānAr ǧīfaẗ ‘cadavre, charogne’ [↗√ǦWF], thus also Hbr gap̄ ‘corps; personne’ (so also Gesenius2015 s.v. gap̄) and Hbr gûp̄āʰ ʻcorps mortʼ (cf. Ar ↗ǦWF ‘hollow’?).
▪ Borg2021 #88 ǧ-ṯ-ṯ : Ar ǧuṯṯaẗ ‘corps, taille et volume du corps (tout de l’homme que des animaux …)’, Saf ǧṯ ‘body, corpse’ (Winnett & Lankester Harding 1978: 633). – Outside Sem, the author compares Eg (Pyr) ḏt ~ ḏs ‘body of person, image, bodily form of god | Leib’ (Faulkner 1962: 317, 251; Wb V 503, 199): jp.n.f ḏt.f ‘er hat seinen Leib bezahlt’ (Assmann 1969: 113).
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

For other meanings attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧaṯṯa and ↗muǧtaṯṯ as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ).

muǧtaṯṯ مُجْتَثّ

√ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ)

¹adj.; ²n.

1 adj., uprooted (also fig.); 2 a poetic metre (mustafʕilun fāʕilātun fāʕilātun) – WehrCowan1976

▪ Lane: the metre muǧtaṯṯ is so called because it looks »as though it were cut off from the ḫafīf«. The name would thus be derived from (the Gt-stem of) ↗ǧaṯṯa ‘to tear out, uproot’.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ ↗ǧaṯṯa.

▪ …

–

For other meanings attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧaṯṯa and ↗ǧuṯṯaẗ as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ǦṮː (ǦṮṮ).

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