†QRŠ_7 ‘(esp.) gladiolus, kind of reed or cane’: qarīš – Dozy 1881
†QRŠ_.. ‘…’: …
BAH2008: ‘1 to crunch, gnash, fracture; (1b?) to partake of fook sparsely; 2 gathering, to earn money, make a living; (2b?)3 to duel, stabbing; 4 shark’
The Ar sg. qirš is a secondary formation from what was interpreted as a pl., namely qurūš, the standard unit of currency in the Ottoman Empire until 1844 (Tu ḳurūş). Originally, this word was not a pl. but a sg., derived from (Bohemian) G Groschen < Chech groš < lLat (dēnārius) grossus ‘thick dinar’ (> It grosso, Fr gros) (EI¹, Kluge2008). In the Ottoman Empire, the thick silver coin replaced the earlier akçe during the reign of Mustafa II. (1686-1697) (Nişanyan 23Dec2014). When also the ḳurūş was devaluated, it was made into a sub-devision of the ↗līraẗ (1 ₤ equalling 100 ḳurūş).
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►qarraša, vb. II: †~ al-darāhim, compter les piastres (qurūš) qui se trouvent parmi l’argent (Dozy 1881): denom.; cf., however, also s.v. ↗qaraša_2.
Koreish, name of an Arab tribe in ancient Mecca – WehrCowan1979.
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▪ Jeffery1938: »The philologers differ considerably among themselves over the origin of the name of this tribe. The popular etymology was that they were so called from their trading and profiting (cf. Zam. on the verse and Ibn Hishām, 60). Others derived it from a vb. taqarraša ‘to gather together’ [cf. ↗qaraša_2 ], holding that they were so called from their gathering or assembling at Mecca (cf. LA, viii, 226; Yāqūt, Muʕjam, iv, 79). Another theory derived the name from a tribal ancestor, Qurayš b. Maḫlad, but as it does not explain this name it does not help us much.1
– The most satisfactory theory is that which derives the word from qarš ‘shark’2
[↗qarš_1 ], cf. Zam. on the verse and LA, viii, 226. This is scoffed at by Yāqūt, but is accepted by al-Ṭabarī and al-Damīrī,3
and it may well have been a totemistic tribal name. Nöldeke, Beiträge, 87, accepts this qarš theory, and links the word with the Aram כרשא which occurs in the Talmud, Baba bathra, 74a, for a kind of fish, which Lewysohn thinks means the ‘sun-fish’,4
and would derive from the Pers ḫôršîd. It is true that Pers ḫôreš means ‘something eatable’, but ḫôršîd is from the Av hvārə-ḫšaetəm, meaning ‘sol-splendidus’,5
and has apparently nothing to do with fish of any kind. Nöldeke suggests with much more probability that it is a shortened form of the Grk karḫarías,6
a word which is used for a kind of small shark with pointed teeth, and which Nicander the Colophonian7
said was used also for a lamia or a squill.« ▪ …