Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ KRKR_1 ‘to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly’ ↗¹karkara
▪ KRKR_2 ‘to rumble (stomach); to laugh (loudly)’ ↗²karkara
▪ KRKR_3 ‘to tickle’ ↗³karkara

Other values, now obsolete, include (WKAS, Hava1899):

▪ ^†KRKR_4 ‘(tr.) to collect, blow into a ball (wind the clouds) | to pile up (s.th.); to heap up and drive the clouds (wind); (intr.) to withdraw, return’: ^†⁴karkara; cf. also ^†⁵karkara ‘to squash, grind’ and ^†kirkiraẗ (pl. karākirᵘ) ‘callosity on the breast of the camel (and other hoofed animals); mass, crowd, troop of horsemen’
▪ ^†KRKR_5 ‘a hot dish which is drunk (in the cold season to warm the body); soup’: ^†kurkūr
▪ ^†KRKR_ ‘…’ : ^†krkr

For other, presumably onomatopoetic meanings or values dependent on the idea of *‘repetition, reiteration, usw.’, see ↗¹karkara.

▪ With the exception, perhaps, of [v5] (the etymology of which remains obscure), all values attached to the reduplicating root √KRKR in Ar seem to be related to two basic notions of the 2-cons. protSem nucleus ↗*KR-, namely *‘to be round, turn, return’ and *voice/crying (DRS)
▪ From among the 8 values listed s.v. KRKR in DRS, only the first (#KRKR-1) is relevant to the Ar evidence.
▪ [v1] seems to be an intensified version of ↗²karra ‘to return, come back, etc.’, similar to the reduplication in the latter’s D-stem, ↗karrara.
▪ [v2] : The values ‘to rumble (stomach); to laugh (loudly)’ are with all likelihood onomatopoetic imitations of sounds heard as repetition of a basic *kar-, (↗²karra), i.e., ↗²karkara (historically also the ‘murmuring’ of water, etc.); cf. also the – likewise onomatopoetic – 2-cons. ↗¹karra ‘to rattle in the throat’.
▪ [v3] : prob. same as [v2], although, if valid, the cause, ‘tickling’, would then fall together with its result, the ‘bursting out into laughter’.
▪ ^†[v4] : The obsol. value ‘to collect, blow into a ball (wind: the clouds); to pile up; to heap up and drive the clouds (wind)’ is closest to the idea of ‘rolling’ expressed, among others, in ↗kuraẗ ‘ball’. Other obsol. items such as ^†kirkiraẗ (pl. karākirᵘ) ‘callosity on the breast of the camel (and other hoofed animals); mass, crowd, troop of horsemen’ most likely belong here.
▪ ^†[v5] : As long as we do not know details about the ‘hot dish, soup’ called ^†kurkūr we cannot know which of its aspects may be responsible for the association of its name with the root √KR(KR). The pattern FuʕLūL (or rather FuʕFūʕ) indicates the intense presence of a quality expressed by √KR(KR) in this dish.
▪ …

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▪ DRS #KRKR-1 Ug krkr ‘enrouler, entortiller; faire tournoyer (doigts)’, Hbr *kirkēr ‘aller rapidement, courir, bouger de ci de là, danser’, JudPalAram kirker ‘tourner autour’, Ar karkara ‘tourner (la meule), amasser, entasser (des objets)’, takarkara ‘hésiter’; MġrAr karkar ‘traîner derrière soi’ ; Gz ʔankʷarkʷara ‘rouler, tourner autour’, Tña kärärä, ʔənkʷərkʷər bälä, ʔankʷäraräyä ‘être rond’, Te kärkära ‘rouler’, ʔänkʷärkʷära ‘dégringoler’, Amh tänkʷäräkkʷärä ‘rouler’; kʷäräkkʷärä ‘fouiller avec le doigt dans l’oreille pour en retirer le cérumen’. - ? Te kärkär bela ‘faire du bruit’, Amh täkärakkärä ‘se quereller’. -2 Te kärkära ‘moudre grossièrement’, Gur (tä)kʷräkkʷärä ‘être grumeleux (farine)’. -3 Gz ʔankʷarkʷara ‘amincir’. -4 Amh käräkkärä ‘entailler, entamer, équarrir’. -5 Sab krkr ‘mesure de poids’. -6 Hbr kirkārāʰ ‘chamelle? char?’. -7 Amh kärkar ‘louage des bêtes de somme’. -8 Amh kärkärro, Arg karkaro ‘sanglier’.¹
▪ Outside Sem: DRS #KRKR-1 : Gordon UT 423 #1034 rapproche Copt (B) skerker ‘s’enrouler’, (S) skorkr ‘rouler’, considérant ces forms comme des causatifs à préfixe s-, la base étant krkr, ce qui n’est pas l’interprétation habituelle. V. Vycichl, DELC 344. - En Cush, Sa et Bil présentent une forme karkar ‘être rond’ – Leslau EDG III: 349, CDG 292.
▪ …

1. Les formes éthiopiennes sont d’origine Cush : Or Som karkaro.

▪ See above, section CONC.
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¹karkar- كَرْكَرَ

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 26Jan2023

√KRKR

vb., I

1 to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly; 2 ↗²karkara; 3 ↗³karkara

▪ Reduplicating the 2-cons. nucleus of ↗²karra ‘to turn around and attack; to return, come back, recur’
▪ The latter is prob. also underlying the values (now obsolete; see below section HIST) of ^†‘detaining, withholding s.o.’ (< *‘successfully returning on s.o., attacking and thus detaining s.o.’) and ^†‘removing s.th. (ʕan from)’ (< *‘coming back on s.th.’), but also of ^†‘to hover (bird, cloud); to bestir one’s self (fī in an affair)’ (< *‘to move to and fro’) and ^†‘to call (hens)’ (< *‘to repeat the call, imitate the clucking of hens’ – but this may also be from ↗²karkara ‘to rattle, rumble, murmur, etc.’).
▪ …

▪ In addition to [v1] and [v2], dictionaries (here Hava1899 and BK1860) registered karkara with the values (now obsolete) ^† ‘to collect, blow into a ball (wind: the clouds), pile up, heap up and drive the clouds (wind) | amonceler, entasser (se dit du vent qui entasse les nuages en les poussant de differents points sur un seul) ; ramasser, reunir’ (cf. ↗^†KRKR_4), ^†‘ faire aller, tourner (la meule, le moulin)’, ^†‘to detain, withhold s.o. | retenir qn (et l’empecher d’aborder qn)’, ^†‘to remove s.th. (ʕan from)’, ^†‘to call (hens) | appeler (les poules)’, and ^†‘to hover (bird, cloud); to bestir one’s self (fī in an affair)’.
▪ …

▪ DRS #KRKR-1 Ug krkr ‘enrouler, entortiller; faire tournoyer (doigts)’, Hbr *kirkēr ‘aller rapidement, courir, bouger de ci de là, danser’, JudPalAram kirker ‘tourner autour’, Ar karkara ‘tourner (la meule), amasser, entasser (des objets)’, takarkara ‘hésiter’; MġrAr karkar ‘traîner derrière soi’ ; Gz ʔankʷarkʷara ‘rouler, tourner autour’, Tña kärärä, ʔənkʷərkʷər bälä, ʔankʷäraräyä ‘être rond’, Te kärkära ‘rouler’, ʔänkʷärkʷära ‘dégringoler’, Amh tänkʷäräkkʷärä ‘rouler’; kʷäräkkʷärä ‘fouiller avec le doigt dans l’oreille pour en retirer le cérumen’. - ? Te kärkär bela ‘faire du bruit’, Amh täkärakkärä ‘se quereller’. -2-8 […].
▪ Outside Sem: DRS #KRKR-1 : Gordon UT 423 #1034 rapproche Copt (B) skerker ‘s’enrouler’, (S) skorkr ‘rouler’, considérant ces forms comme des causatifs à préfixe s-, la base étant krkr, ce qui n’est pas l’interprétation habituelle. V. Vycichl, DELC 344. - En Cush, Sa et Bil présentent une forme karkar ‘être rond’ – Leslau EDG III: 349, CDG 292.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

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For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗²karkara and ↗³karkara as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRKR. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRW, ↗KRW/Y, and ↗KRY.

²karkar- كَرْكَرَ

√KRKR

vb., I

1 ↗¹karkara; 2 to rumble (stomach) | karkara fī ’l-ḍaḥk, to burst into loud laughter, roar with laughter; 3 ↗³karkara – WehrCowan1976

▪ onomatopoetic, imitating several types of sound: the rumbling of a stomach, roaring laughter, (obsol.) murmuring water, etc.; cf. also the 2-cons. ↗¹karra ‘to rattle in the throat’ and the obsol. ^†karkara ‘to call (hens)’.
▪ Prob. related to the notion of ‘returning’, ‘repetition’ inherent in this type of sounds; if valid, ²karkara may be related to ¹karkara ‘to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly’, itself based on ↗KRː (KRR).
▪ …

▪ Hava1899: karkara, (also:) ^†‘to murmur (water)’; karkaraẗ ‘stomach rumble, borborygmus’
▪ …

▪ ↗¹karkara, ↗¹karra.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

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►karkaraẗ, n.f., 1 loud laughter; 2 rumbling (of the stomach): vn./n.vic.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹karkara and ↗³karkara as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRKR. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRW, ↗KRW/Y, and ↗KRY.

³karkar- كَرْكَرَ

√KRKR

vb., I

1 ↗¹karkara; 2 ↗²karkara; 3 to tickle – WehrCowan1976

▪ Prob. simply extended use of ↗²karkara, esp. in the expression karkara fī ’l-ḍaḥk ‘to burst into loud laughter, roar with laughter’, hence (?) also ‘action producing laughter’.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ ↗²karkara
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹karkara and ↗²karkara as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRKR. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRW, ↗KRW/Y, and ↗KRY.

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