You are here: BP HOME > ARAB > Etymological Dictionary of Arabic > fulltext
Etymological Dictionary of Arabic

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages
Choose display
  • Enable images
  • Enable footnotes
    • Show all footnotes
    • Minimize footnotes
Search-help
Choose specific texts..
Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
    Click to Expand/Collapse Option Complete text
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionbāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optiontāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionṯāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionǧīm
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionḥāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionḫāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optiondāl
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionḏāl
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionrāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionzāy
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionsīn
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionšīn
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionṣād
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionḍād
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionṭāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionẓāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionʕayn
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionġayn
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionfāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionqāf
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionkāf
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionlām
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionmīm
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionnūn
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionhāʔ
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionwāw
Click to Expand/Collapse Optionyāʔ
Back to library
MNW / MNY منو / مني 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√MNW/Y 
“root” 
▪ MNW/Y_1 ‘to put to the test, try, tempt, afflict’ ↗manā~manà
▪ MNW/Y_2 ‘fate, destiny, lot; (fate of) death’ ↗manan, ‘Manāt (anc.Ar goddess)’ ↗Manāẗ
▪ MNW/Y_3 ‘semen, sperm’ ↗minan, ‘wish, desire’ ↗munyaẗ~minyaẗ
▪ MNW/Y_4 ‘’ ↗… .

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): [√MNW/Y] ‘fate, to fate, death, to afflict, to test; to approximate; to hope for, to imagine, to implore; to fabricate, to lie; to shed, to flow, semen, sperm; to recite; to reward; to await; a dry measure’ 
▪ Dolgopolsky2012 holds [v1] and [v2] apart for systematic reasons, but acknowledges possible/probable overlapping (‘fate, destiny, lot’ interpreted as s.th. by which a deity ‘puts s.o. to the test’ or by which one is ‘afflicted’). In principle, however, he posits 3 Sem (< Nostr) roots:
  • #1427 [cf. MNW/Y_1]: protSem *√mny ~ *√mnw ‘to test, reckon, count’ < Nostr *mon̄˅ ‘to think, learn, know’ (with assumed cognates even in Eur langs, e.g., Grk mnḗmē ‘remembrance, memory’, Ge meinen, Engl mean);
  • #1423 [cf. MNW/Y_2]: protSem *manay-, *manat- ‘share’ < Nostr *meǹ˅ ‘to tear, tear into pieces, divide’, perh. contaminated/influenced by, or completely dependent on, #1427 Sem *√mny ‘to count’;
  • #1433 [cf. MNW/Y_3]: protSem *√mny ‘to wish, desire’ < Nostr *mAyn˅ ‘desire’ (perh. contaminated/influenced by #1427 Nostr *mon̄˅ ‘to think, learn, know’) (with assumed cognates even in Eur langs, e.g., nHGe Minne ‘love’, mHGe meinen ‘to love’).
  • ▪ …
▪ For [v3], Militarev&Kogan2000 (SED I vb#41) assume that Ar preserved the original meaning of the Sem vb., *mny, which was prob. *‘to discharge sperm, excude vaginal secretion’ (cf. ↗minan) and later underwent a semantic shift, via ‘to have sexual desire’ (cf. derived forms like ĭstamnà, vb. X, ‘to practice onanism, masturbate, have pollutions’) further to ‘desire, wish, want’ and ‘love’ (↗munyaẗ~minyaẗ).
▪ …
 
▪ … 
▪ See ↗manā~manà [v1], ↗manan [v2], ↗minan [v3].
▪ …
 
▪ Any relation betw. [v3] ‘semen, sperm; wish, desire’ and one or more of the other values?
▪ Else: see above, section CONC.
 
– 
– 
manā / manaw‑ مَنا / مَنَوْـ , ū (manw)
and
manà / manay‑مَنَى / مَنَيْـ , ī (many) 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√MNW/Y 
vb., I 
to put to the test, try, tempt, afflict (‑hu bi‑ s.o. with s.th.; of God) – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1772: from protSem *m˅n˅y‑ ‘to want’, perh. from AfrAs *min‑ ‘dto.’ (basis for reconstruction weak).
▪ Dolgopolsky2012: from protSem *√mny~mnw ‘to test, reckon, count’ < Nostr *mon̄˅ ‘to think, learn, know’ (with assumed cognates even in Eur langs, e.g., Grk mnḗmē ‘remembrance, memory’, Ge meinen, Engl mean). According to the author, the complexes treated s.vv. ↗manan (‘fate, lot, destiny; death’) and ↗minan (‘sperm; wish, desire’) may have been influenced by ‘to test, reckon, count’.
▪ In particular, a relation between ‘fate, destiny, lot’ and the idea of ‘test, trial’ seems plausible, as ‘fate, destiny, lot’ often is interpreted as s.th. by which a deity puts s.o. to the test or tries one.
 
▪ … 
▪ Bergsträsser1928: (manà) Akk imnū, Hbr mānā yimnē, Aram mnā nemnē, SA mnw ‘to count, assign, apportion’
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1772: Soq mny, Gz mny, Tña mny ‘to want’. – Outside Sem: min ‘to want’ in a CCh language.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#1427: Akk manû ‘to consider (sth., so. as belonging to a certain class), count’, BiblHbr māˈnā (ip. yimˈnɛ̄), BiblAram mᵊˈnā, Jud(Targ)Aram mᵊˈnē~mᵊˈnā, Syr √mnw G (ip. 3m nɛmˈnɛ̄) ‘to reckon (be of the opinion), count’, Min mnʔ ‘to count’, Qat mtn-n (3p) ‘to agree, consent’, Ar manā~manà ‘to test (s.o. by s.th.), determine (upon s.th.)’; Akk (from oBab) mīn-u ‘number, amount’, Ug mnt ‘Aufzählung / repartición, recuento, lista’; IAram, ChrPalAram mnyn, Jud(Targ)Aram minˈyān, JEA minyāˈnā, Syr mɛnyāˈn-ā, Mnd miniana, mHbr minˈyān ‘number’. – Outside Sem: (Berb) ETwl/Ty temen-t (ann. tъ-men, pl. ti-men-en) ‘esprit, intélligence’, Gh i-mun ‘connu’; (LEC:) Som mān, Som N mā̀n (pl. mā̀nán) ‘mind, intelligence’, Or mānā ‘reason, meaning’; (WCh:) Ang màn, Gmy man, Su man ‘to know; to recognize (s.o.)’, Mpn man ‘to know, be able to’; (BT:) Krkr ment-, Bl mon- ‘know’; (SBc:) Buli man, Zem ‑mani; (CCh:) Lame mán ‘observer, analyser (pour le devin)’; ZmD mun ‘hear, understand, listen’; (ECh:) Ke míní! ‘to announce, say’, WDgl mínè, EDgl mìne ‘faire savoir, informer. – Cf. perh. even (IE:) Grk mnḗmē ‘remembrance, memory’, mimnḗskō ‘to remind, put in one’s mind’, mnêma, mnâma ‘memorial, remembrance’, Got munan ‘to think, believe; to remember, to want’, oNo muna ‘to remember’, oSax munan ‘to think’, AngSax munan ‘to be mindful of; to think, esteem’; Got muns ‘Gedanke, Ratschluß, Absicht’, oNo munr ‘mind’, AngSax myne ‘memory’; mDu mēnen, Du menen ‘to mean, think’, oSax mênian, oHGe meinen ‘to think, have an opinion, mean’, mHGe, nHGe meinen, AnglSax mǣnan ‘to have an opinion, have s.th. in mind’, Engl mean.
▪ Cf. perh. also the cognates given s.v. ↗manan and ↗minan (if these should be akin to manā~manà).
 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1772: protSem *m˅n˅y‑ ‘to want’ (based on Ar, Soq, Gz, Tña), protCCh *min‑‘to want’ (based on only 1 lang), both from hypothetical AfrAs *min‑ ‘to want’.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#1427 reconstructs protSem *√mny ~ *√mnw ‘to test, reckon, count’, protBerb *°mVn- ‘esprit, intélligence / connu’, protLEC *mān ‘mind, intelligence, reason’, WCh (protAG) *man ‘to know’ etc.; NaIE *men- ‘to think’ (> Germ *mai̯n-j-an), all from hypothetical Nostr *mon̄˅ ‘to think, learn, know’.
▪ Cf. perh. also ↗manan and ↗minan (if these should be akin to manā~manà).
 
… 
For other items of the root, cf. ↗manan, ↗Manāẗ, ↗minan, ↗munyaẗ~minyaẗ, and, for the general picture, ↗√MNW/Y.
 
manaⁿ مَنىً , def. al‑manà المَنَى
and
maniyyaẗ مَنِيّة , pl. manāyā 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√MNW/Y 
n. and n.f., respectively. 
1 fate, destiny, lot; 2 fate of death; 3 death – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ Originally, *‘share, portion, lot’ that everyone has to bear, from protSem *manay-, *manat- ‘share’ (perh. with interference of protSem *√mny ‘to count’, cf. ↗manā~manà) – Dolgopolsky2012. 
▪ … 
▪ Bergsträsser1928: (manà) Akk imnū, Hbr mānā yimnē, Aram mnā nemnē, SA mnw ‘to count, assign, apportion’
▪ Cf. also Fraenkel1886: Aram mānā ‘mina’ (weight unit?) > Ar minà, sometimes shortened to mann.
▪ Erman1892: Eg mnwy ‘individual piece (of tissue, when counting pieces of textile)’: Hbr mānāʰ ‘to count’, mānāʰ ‘share, portion’, Ar mann ‘part, number’ (Brugsch). The Eg word is attested only since the New Kingdom.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#1423: Akk (from oAkk) manû ~ manaʔu ‘mina (unit of weight)’, Ug mnt, BiblHbr māˈnā, IA/Palm mnh ‘share, part, portion’, JEA em. mənāˈṯ-ā (constr. mənāṯ) ‘share’, Ar manan ‘fate’ (> ‘death’), du. manawāni~manayāni ‘two pounds (unit of weight)’, Ar (Lt-stem) tamānà ‘se partager qch. en séparant avec les doigts’; Akk manû (G) and D ‘to assign’, BiblHbr (D) minˈnā ‘to assign (a share), apportion’, Min √mnw ‘attribuer’, ? Sab mn ‘bénifice’. – NB: The Sem words may belong to the complex treated s.v. ↗manā~manà.
 
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#1423 reconstructs protSem *manay-, *manat- ‘share’ (perh. interference of protSem *√mny ‘to count’, cf. ↗manā~manà), from a hypothetical Nostr *meǹ˅ ‘to tear, tear into pieces, divide’. However, the author concedes that there may not one have been interference from ‘to count’; rather, the whole complex is perh. derived from proSem *√mny ‘to test, count’ (< Nostr *mon̄˅ ‘to think, learn, know’ [#1427]).
▪ Any relation betw. ‘fate, destiny, lot; death’ and the complex treated s.vv. ↗minan ‘semen, sperm’ and ↗munyaẗ~minyaẗ ‘wish, desire’? 
… 
►muniya, vb. I pass., 1 to be afflicted with, be sorely tried, suffer, sustain, undergo, experience, be affected, hit, smitten, stricken; 2 to find by good luck, be so fortunate as to find: orig., *‘to be assigned one’s share, either negative [v1] or positive [v2].

► (?) minan, m.. and minà, n.f.topogr., the valley of Mina near Mecca: belonging here?
► (?) manāẗ, n.prop.div., Manāẗ, name of an ancient Arabian goddess: see also ↗s.v..

For other items of the root, cf. ↗manā~manà, ↗Manāẗ, ↗minan, ↗munyaẗ~minyaẗ, and, for the general picture, ↗√MNW/Y. 
minaⁿ مِنىً , def. al‑minà المِنَى 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√MNW/Y 
n. 
semen, sperm – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1772: from protSem *m˅n˅y‑ ‘to want’ (Dolgopolsky2012: *√mny ‘to wish, desire’), perh. from AfrAs *min‑ ‘dto.’ (basis for reconstruction weak). Cf., however, foll. paragraph.
▪ Militarev&Kogan2000 (SED I vb#41): The original meaning of the Sem vb., *mny, preserved in Ar, was prob. *‘to discharge sperm, excude vaginal secretion’ with a shift to ‘to have sexual desire’ (cf. vb. X) and further to ‘desire, wish, want’ and ‘love’ in general (munyaẗ, ʔumniyyaẗ, mannà, tamannà).
 
▪ … 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1772: Soq mny, Gz mny, Tña mny ‘to want’. – Outside Sem: min ‘to want’ in 1 CCh language.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#1433: Akk menû ‘to love, be(come) fond (of s.o.)’, Ar √mny (G-stem) ‘to let flow sperm (as in copulation)’, muniya (pass.) ‘to be favored in’, tamannà (Dt-stem) ‘to desire, wish’, Gz tamannaya (Dt) ‘to wish, desire, be eager for’, mənuy ‘who wishes ardently; wished for, desired’, Mhr ˈmatni, Ḥrs ˄mtōni, Jib E/C ˈmutni (sbjv. yɛmˈtin), Soq ˈmɔtɛnɛʔ (sbjv. l-imˈtɛnɛw) ‘to wish’. – Outside Sem: (CCh:) Ms mìn ‘to wish, desire, love; to want’, Azm minda ‘to will, desire, like’. – Compare perh. even (IE:) AnglSax myne (n.) ‘desire, love’, oFries minne, oSax minnea, oHGe minna, nHGe Minne n. ‘love’, mHGe meinen ‘to love’.
 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1772: protSem *m˅n˅y‑ ‘to want’ (based on Ar, Soq, Gz, Tña), protCCh *min‑‘to want’ (based on only 1 lang), both from hypothetical AfrAs *min‑ ‘to want’.
▪ Dolgopolsky2012#1433 reconstructs protSem *√mny ‘to wish, desire’ (with poss. interference of Nostr *mon̄˅, see Ar ↗manā~manà) and CCh ‘to wish, desire, love; to want’, NaIE *men- (loss of the glide *i̯ preceding a sonant) ‘to wish eagerly’, all from hypothetical Nostr *mAyn˅ ‘desire’.
▪ Any relation betw. ‘semen, sperm’ (> ‘wish, desire’) and the complex ‘fate, destiny, lot; death; (goddess) Manāẗ’ treated s.vv. ↗manan and ↗Manāẗ?
 
… 
►mannà, vb. II, 1a to awaken the desire, make s.o. hope, give reason to hope, raise hopes; 1b to promise: D‑stem, caus.
►ʔamnà, vb. IV, 1 to shed (blood); 2 to emit, ejaculate (sperm): *Š‑stem.
►BP#451tamannà, vb. V, to desire, wish: Dt‑stem.
►ĭstamnà, vb. X, to practice onanism, masturbate: *Št‑stem, desiderative.

►minawī, adj., seminal, spermativ: nisba formation of minan
►munyaẗ, var. minyaẗ, pl. munan, def. al‑munà, n.f., 1 wish, desire; 2 object of desire
►BP#3492ʔumniyyaẗ, pl. ʔamānin, def. al‑ʔamānī, n.f., wish, demand, claim, desire, longing, aspiration
►tamniyaẗ, n.f., and ʔimnāʔ, n., emission, ejaculation of the sperm: vn. II and IV, resp.
►tamannin, def. al‑tamannī, pl. ‑āt, n., wish; desire; request: vn. V.
►ĭstimnāʔ, n., self‑pollution, masturbation, onanism: vn. X.

For other items of the root, cf. ↗manā~manà, ↗manan, ↗Manāẗ, ↗munyaẗ~minyaẗ, and, for the general picture, ↗√MNW/Y. 
Manāẗ مَناة 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√MNW/Y 
n.prop.div. 
Manāt, name of an ancient Arabian goddess – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ The name of the ancient Arabian goddess, identified in the Greco-Roman tradition as Túkhai and Fortanae, originally means *‘deity that assigns to each his/her lot/share’, i.e., one’s destiny.
▪ Etymologically, it is from protSem *manay-, *manat- ‘share’, cf. ↗manan (perh. with interference of protSem *√mny ‘to count’, cf. ↗manā~manà) – Dolgopolsky2012.
 
▪ … 
▪ See ↗manā~manà.
 
▪ Wellhausen1897, 28: »Manat kommt schon auf den nabatäischen Inschriften von Higr vor und zwar im Plural, mnwtn /manavātun/. Dadurch wird […] die Bedeutung ‘Schicksal’ (eigentlich ‘Anteil’ wie im Aramäischen) festgestellt, welche appellativisch nur noch für maniyyaẗ (pl. manāyā, manā) im Gebrauch ist. Ähnliche abstracte Gottesnamen sind Saʕd, Gad (Grk túkhē), ʕAwdh.«
▪ Fahd2012: »name of one of the most ancient deities of the Semitic pantheon, who appears in the Pre-Sargonic period in the form Menūtum and constitutes one of the names of Ishtar […]; the Qurʔānic scriptio of her name preserves the primitive w, which also appears in the Nabatean mnwtn […]. The w changes to i in the Bible (Isa. 65: 11) […]. [the name is from] the root mnw/y which is to be found in all Sem langs with the meaning of ‘to count, to apportion’, being applied in particular to the idea of *‘to count the days of life’, hence ‘death’ (maniyyaẗ), and *‘to assign to each his share’, hence, ‘lot, destiny’ […] The Greco-Roman equivalents given to Manāẗ testify to this meaning, since she is identified with Τύχαι or the Fortunae, the pl. reflecting the form Manawāt […] In Palmyra she is represented on a mosaic, seated and holding a sceptre in her hand, after the fashion of Nemesis, goddess of destiny […]. / Like al-Lāt and al-ʕUzzà who form with her the Arab triad (Q 53: 19-20), Manāẗ was worshipped by all the Arabs. It was [originally] a rock for Huḏayl in Qudayd […, later then] a statue imported from the north, like that of Hubal. The sacred site [was situated …] about 15 km from Yaṯrib […]«
 
… 
For other items of the root, cf. ↗manā~manà, ↗manan, ↗minan, ↗munyaẗ~minyaẗ, and, for the general picture, ↗√MNW/Y.
 
munyaẗ مُنْية , var. minyaẗ, pl. munaⁿ, def. al‑munà 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√MNW/Y 
n.f. 
1 wish, desire; 2 object of desire – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1772: from protSem *m˅n˅y‑ ‘to want’, perh. from AfrAs *min‑ ‘dto.’ (weak basis for reconstruction).
▪ Militarev&Kogan2000 (SED I vb#41): The original meaning of the Sem vb., *mny, preserved in Ar, was prob. *‘to discharge sperm, excude vaginal secretion’ with a shift to ‘to have sexual desire’ and further to ‘desire, wish, want’ and ‘love’.
▪ For further details, cf. ↗minan ‘semen, sperm’. 
▪ … 
▪ See ↗minan. 
▪ See above, section CONC, and ↗minan ‘semen, sperm’. 
… 
►BP#451tamannà, vb. V, to desire, wish: Dt‑stem.

►BP#3492ʔumniyyaẗ, pl. ʔamānin, def. al‑ʔamānī, n.f., wish, demand, claim, desire, longing, aspiration
►tamannin, def. al‑tamannī, pl. ‑āt, n., wish; desire; request: vn. V.

For other items of the root, cf. ↗manā~manà, ↗manan, ↗Manāẗ, ↗minan, and, for the general picture, ↗√MNW/Y. 
Permanent link
Go to Wiki Documentation
Enhet: Det humanistiske fakultet   Utviklet av: IT-seksjonen ved HF
Login