ταῦτα δ’ ἐστὶν πάντα περὶ ἃ οἱ συλλογισμοὶ καὶ (22) τὰ ἐνθυμήματα, ὥστ’ εἰ μηδὲ τούτων ἕκαστον ἐνθυμήματος (23) τόπος, οὐδὲ τὸ αὔξειν καὶ μειοῦν.
(24) οὐδὲ τὰ λυτικὰ ἐνθυμή(25)ματος εἶδός τί ἐστιν [ἄλλο τῶν κατασκευαστικῶν]·
δῆλον γὰρ (26) ὅτι λύει μὲν ἢ δείξας ἢ ἔνστασιν ἐνεγκών, ἀνταποδείκνυσι (27) δὲ τὸ ἀντικείμενον,
οἷον εἰ ἔδειξε ὅτι γέγονεν, οὗτος ὅτι οὐ (28) γέγονεν, εἰ δὲ ὅτι οὐ γέγονεν, οὗτος ὅτι γέγονεν·
ὥστε αὕτη (29) μὲν οὐκ ἂν εἴη [ἡ] διαφορά (τοῖς αὐτοῖς γὰρ χρῶνται ἀμφότεροι·
(30) ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν ἢ ἔστιν, ἐνθυμήματα φέρουσιν)·
ἡ δ’ ἔνστασις (31) οὐκ ἔστιν ἐνθύμημα,
ἀλλά, καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς Τοπικοῖς, τὸ εἰπεῖν (32) δόξαν τινὰ ἐξ ἧς ἔσται δῆλον ὅτι οὐ συλλελόγισται ἢ ὅτι ψεῦ(33)δός τι εἴληφεν.
Amplification and Depreciation are one kind of enthymeme, viz. the kind used to show that a thing is great or small; just as there are other kinds used to show that a thing is good or bad, just or unjust, and anything else of the sort.
All these things are the subject—matter of syllogisms and enthymemes; none of these is the line of argument of an enthymeme; no more, therefore, are Amplification and Depreciation.
Nor are Refutative Enthymemes a different species from Constructive.
For it is clear that refutation consists either in offering positive proof or in raising an objection. In the first case we prove the opposite of our adversary’s statements.
Thus, if he shows that a thing has happened, we show that it has not; if he shows that it has not happened, we show that it has.
This, then, could not be the distinction if there were one, since the same means are employed by both parties,
enthymemes being adduced to show that the fact is or is not so—and—so.
An objection, on the other hand, is not an enthymeme at all,
