pūrṇam adaḥ pūrṇam idaṃ pūrṇāt pūrṇam udacyate | pūrṇasya pūrṇam ādāya pūrṇam evāvaśiṣyate | khaṃ brahma | khaṃ purāṇam | vāyuraṃ kham | iti ha smāha kauravyāyaṇīputraḥ | vedo 'yaṃ brāhmaṇā viduḥ | vedainena yad veditavyam ||

pūrṇamadaḥ pūrṇaṃ na kutaścid vyāvṛttaṃ vyāpītyetat | niṣṭhā ca kartari draṣṭavyā | ada iti parokṣābhidhāyi sarvanāma, tatparaṃ brahmetyarthaḥ | tat sampūrṇamākāśavad vyāpi nirantaraṃ nirupādhikaṃ ca tadevedaṃ sopādhikaṃ nāmarūpasthaṃvyavahārāpannaṃ pūrṇaṃ svena rūpeṇa paramātmanā vyāpyeva nopādhiparicchinnena viśeṣātmanā | tadidaṃ viśeṣāpannaṃ kāryātmakaṃ brahma pūrṇāt kāraṇātmana udacyata udricyata udgacchatītyetat | yadyapi kāryātmanodricyate tathāpi yat svarūpaṃ pūrṇatvaṃ paramātmabhāvaṃ tanna jāhāti pūrṇamevodricyate | pūrṇasya kāryātmano brahmaṇaḥ pūrṇa pūrṇatvamādāya gṛhītvā ātmasvarūpaikarasatvamāpadya, vidyayā avidyākṛtaṃ bhūtamātropādhisaṃsargajamanyatvāvabhāsaṃ tiraskṛtya pūrṇamevānantaramavāhyaṃ prajñānaghanaikarasasvabhāvaṃ kevalaṃ brahmāvaśiṣyate | yaduktaṃ brahma vā idamagra āsīttadātmānamevāvettasmāttatsarvamabhavadityeṣo 'sya mantrasyārthaḥ | tatra brahmetyasyārthaḥ pūrṇamada iti | idaṃ pūrṇamiti brahma vā idamagra āsīdityasyārthaḥ | tathā ca śrutyantaram-"yadeveha tadamutrayadamutra tadanviha"iti | ato 'daḥśabdavācyaṃ pūrṇaṃ brahma tadevedaṃ pūrṇaṃ kāryasthaṃ nāmarūpopādhisaṃyuktamavidyayodriktam | tasmādeva paramārthasvarūpādanyadiva pratyavabhāsamānam | tadyadātmānameva paraṃ pūrṇaṃ brahma viditvāhamadaḥ pūrṇaṃ brahmāsmītyevaṃ pūrṇamādāya tiraskṛtyāpūrṇasvarūpatāmavidyākṛtāṃ nāmarūpopādhisaṃparkajāmetayā brahmavidyayā pūrṇameva kevalamavaśiṣyate | tathā coktam"tasmāttatsarvamabhavat"iti | yaḥ sarvopaniṣadartho brahma sa eṣo 'nena mantreṇānūdyata uttarasambandhārtham | brahmavidyāsādhanatvena hi vakṣyamāṇāni sādhanānyoṅkāradamadānadayākhyāni vidhitsitāni khilaprakaraṇasambandhātsarvopāsanāṅgabhūtāni ca | atraike varṇayanti-pūrṇātkāraṇātpūrṇaṃ kāryamudricyate | udriktaṃ kāryaṃ vartamānakāle 'pi pūrṇameva paramārthavastubhūtaṃ dvaitarūpeṇa | punaḥ pralayakāle pūrṇasya kāryasya pūrṇatāmādāyā'tmani dhitvā pūrṇamevāvaśiṣyate kāraṇarūpam | evamutpattisthitipralayeṣu triṣvapi kāleṣu kāryakāraṇayoḥ pūrṇataiva | sā caikaiva pūrṇatā kāryakāraṇayorbhedena vyapadiśyate | evaṃ ca dvaitādvaitātmakamekaṃ brahma | yathā kila samudro jalataraṅgaphenabudbudādyātmaka eva | yathā ca jalaṃ satyaṃ tadudbhavāśca taraṅgaphelabudbudādayaḥ samudrātmabhūtā evā'virbhāvatirobhāvadharmiṇaḥ paramārthasatyā eva | evaṃ sarvamidaṃ dvaitaṃ paramārthasatyameva jalataraṅgādisthānīyaṃ samudrajalasthānīyaṃ tu paraṃ brahma | evaṃ ca kila dvaitasya satyatve karmakāṇḍasya prāmāṇyaṃ yadā punardvaitaṃ dvaitamivāvidyākṛtaṃ mṛgatṛṣṇikāvadanṛtamadvaitameva paramārthatastadā kila karmakāṇḍaṃ viṣayābhāvādapramāṇaṃ bhavati | tathā ca virodha eva syāt | vedaikadeśabhūtopaniṣatpramāṇaṃ paramārthādvaitavastupratipādakatvādapramāṇaṃ karmakāṇḍamasaddvaitaviṣayatvāt | tadvirodhaparijihīrṣayā śrutyaitaduktaṃ kāryakāraṇayoḥ satyatvaṃ samudravatpūrṇamada ityādineti | tadasat | viśiṣṭaviṣayāpavādavikalpayorasambhavāt | na hīyaṃ suvivakṣitā kalpanā | kasmāt | yathā kriyāviṣaya utsargaprāptasyaikadeśe 'pavādaḥ kriyate | yathāhiṃsansarvabhūtānyanyatra tīrthebhya iti hiṃsā sarvabhūtaviṣayotsargeṇa nivāritā tīrthe viśiṣṭaviṣaye jyotiṣṭomādāvanujñāyate | na ca tathā vastuviṣaya ihādvaitaṃ brahmotsargeṇa pratipādya punastadekadeśe 'pavadituṃ śakyate | brahmaṇo 'dvaitatvādevaikadeśānupapatteḥ | tathā vikalpānupapatteśca | yathātirātre ṣoḍaśinaṃ gṛhṇāti nātirātre ṣoḍaśinaṃ gṛhṇātīti grahaṇāgrahaṇayoḥ puruṣādhīnatvādvikalpo bhavati | na tviha tathā vastuviṣaye dvaitaṃ vā syādadvaitaṃ veti vikalpaḥ sambhavatyapuruṣatantratvādātmavastunaḥ | virodhācca dvaitādvaitatvayorekasya | tasmānna suvivakṣiteyaṃ kalpanā | śrutinyāyavirodhācca | saindhavaghanavatprajñānaikarasaghanaṃ nirantaraṃ pūrvāparabāhyābhyantarabhedavivarjitaṃ sabāhyābhyantaramajaṃ neti netyasthūlamanaṇvajamajaramabhayamamṛtamityevamādyāḥ śrutayo niścitārthāḥ saṃśayaviparyāsāśaṅkārahitāḥ sarvāḥ samudre prakṣiptāḥ syurakiñcitkaratvāt | tathā nyāyavirodho 'pi sāvayavasyānekātmakasya kriyāvato nityatvānupapatteḥ | nityatvaṃ cā'tmanaḥ smṛtyādidarśanādanumīyate | tadvirodhaśca prāpnotyanityatve | bhavatkalpanānarthakyaṃ ca | sphuṭameva cāsminpakṣe karmakāṇḍānarthakyam | akṛtābhyāgamakṛtavipraṇāśaprasaṅgāt | nanu brahmaṇo dvaitādvaitātmakatve samudrādidṛṣṭāntā vidyante kathamucyate bhavataikasya dvaitādvaitatvaṃ viruddhamiti | na | anyaviṣayatvāt | nityāniravayavavastuviṣayaṃ hi viruddhatvamavocāma dvaitādvaitatvasya na kāryaviṣaye sāvayave | tasmācchrutismatinyāyavirodhādanupapanneyaṃ kalpanā | asyāḥ kalpanāyā varamupaniṣatparityāga eva | adhyeyatvācca na sāstrārtheyaṃ kalpanā | na hi jananamaraṇādyanarthaśatasahasrabhedasamākulaṃ samudravanādivatsāvayavamanekarasaṃ brahma dhyeyatvena vijñeyatvena vā śrutyopadiśyate | prajñānaghanatāṃ copadiśati | ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyamiti ca | anekadhādarśanāpavādācca"mṛtyoḥ sa mṛtyumāpnoti ya iha nāneva paśyati"iti | yacca śrutyā ninditaṃ tanna kartavyam | yacca na kriyate na sa śāsrārthaḥ | brahmaṇo 'nekarasatvamanekadhātvaṃ ca dvaitarūpaṃ ninditatvānna draṣṭavyam | ato na śāsrārthaḥ | yattvekarasatvaṃ brahmaṇastaddraṣṭavyatvātpraśastaṃ praśastatvācca śāstrārtho bhavitumarhati | yattūktaṃ vedaikadeśasyāprāmāṇyaṃ karmaviṣaye dvaitābhāvādadvaite ca prāmāṇyamiti | tanna | yathāprāptopadeśārthatvāt | na hi dvaitamadvaitaṃ vā vastu jātamātrameva puruṣaṃ jñāpayitvā paścātkarma vā brahmavidyāṃ vopadiśati śāsram | na copadeśārhaṃ dvaitaṃ jātamātraprāṇibuddhigamyatvāt | na ca dvaitasyānṛtatvabuddhiḥ prathamameva kasyācitsyāt | yena dvaitasya satyatvamupadiśya paścādātmanaḥ prāmāṇyaṃ pratipādayecchāsram | nāpi pāṣaṇḍibhirapi prasthāpitāḥ śāsrasya prāmāṇyaṃ na gṛhṇīyuḥ | tasmādyathāprāptameva dvaitamavidyākṛtaṃ svābhāvikamupādāya svābhāvikyaivāvidyayā yuktāya rāgadveṣādidoṣavate yathābhimatapuruṣārthasādhanaṃ karmopadiśatyagre paścātprasiddhakriyākārakaphalasvarūpadoṣadarśanavate tadbiparītaudāsīnyasvarūpāvasthānaphalārthine tadupāyabhūtāmātmaikatvadarśanātmikāṃ brahmavidyāmupadiśati | athaivaṃ sati tadaudāsīnyasvarūpāvasthāne phale prāpte śāsrasya prāmāṇyaṃ pratyarthitvaṃ nivartate | tadabhāvācchāsrasyāpi śāsratvaṃ taṃ prati nivartata eva | tathā pratipuruṣaṃ parisamāptaṃ śāsramiti na śāsravirodhagandho 'pyasti | advaitajñānāvasānatvācchāsraśiṣyaśāsanādidvaitabhedasya | anyatamāvasthāne hi virodhaḥ syādavasthitasyetaretarāpekṣatvāttu śāsraśiṣyaśāsanānāṃ nānyatamo 'pyavatiṣṭhate | sarvasamāptau tu kasya viredha āśaṅkyetādvaite kevale śive siddhe | nāpyavirodhatāta eva | athāpyabhyupagamya brūmaḥ-dvaitādvaitātmakatve 'pi śāsravirodhasya tulyatvāt | yadāpi samudrādivaddvaitātmakamekameva brahma nānyadastīti virudhyate | yasmindvaitaviṣaye 'nyonyopadeśaḥ so 'nyo dvaitaṃ cānyadeveti samudradṛṣṭānto viruddhaḥ | na ca samudrodakaikatvavadvijñānaikatve brahmaṇo 'nyatropadeśagrahaṇādikalpanā sambhavati | na hi hastādidvaitādvaitātmake devadatte vākkarṇayordevadattaikadeśabhūtayorvāgupadeṣṭrī karṇaḥ kevala upadeśasya grahītā devadattastu nopadeṣṭā nāpyupadeśasya grahīteti kalpayituṃ śakyate | samudraikodakātmatvavadekavijñānavatvāddevadattasya | tasmācchratinyāyavirodhaścābhipretārthāsiddhiścaivaṅkalpanāyāṃ syāt | tasmādyathāvyākhyāta evāsmābhiḥ pūrṇamada ityasya mantrasyārthaḥ | oṃ khaṃ brahmeti mantro 'yaṃ cānyatrāviniyukta iha brāhmaṇena dhyānakarmaṇi viniyujyate | atra ca brahmeti viśeṣyābhidhānaṃ khamiti viśeṣaṇam | viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyayośca sāmānādhikaraṇyena nirdeśo nīlotpalavat khaṃ brahmeti | brahmaśabdo bṛhadvastumātrāspado 'viśeṣito 'to viśeṣyate khaṃ brahmeti | yattatkhaṃ brahma tadoṃśabdavācyamoṃśabdasvarūpamevavobhayathāpi sāmānādhikaraṇyamaviruddham | iha ca brahmopāsanasādhanatvārthamoṃśabdaḥ prayuktaḥ | tathā ca śrutyantarāt"etadālambanaṃ śreṣṭhametadālambanaṃ param" "omityātmānaṃ yuñjīta" "omityetenaivākṣareṇa paraṃ puruṣamabhidhyāyīta""omityevaṃ dhyāyatha ātmānam"ityādeḥ | anyārthāsaṃbhavāccopadeśasya | yathā'nyatromiti śaṃsatyomityudgāyatītyevamādau svādhyāyārambhāpavargayoścoṅkāraprayogo viniyogādavagamyate na ca tathār'thāntaramihāvagamyate | tasmāddhyānasādhanatvenaivehoṅkāraśabdasyopadeśaḥ | yadyapi brahmātmādiśabdā brahmaṇo vācakāstathāpi śrutiprāmāṇyādbrahmaṇo nediṣṭhamabhidhānamoṅkāraḥ | ata eva brahmapratipattāvidaṃ paraṃ sādhanam | tacca dviprakāreṇa pratīkatvenābhidhānatvena ca | pratīkatvena yathā viṣṇvādipratimābhedena, evamoṅkāro brahmeti pratipattavyaḥ | tathā hyoṅkārālambanasya brahma prasīdati | "etadālambanaṃ śreṣṭhametadālambanaṃ param | etadālambanaṃ jñātvā brahmaloke mahīyate"iti śruteḥ | tatra khamiti bhautike khe pratītirmā bhūdityāha-khaṃ purāṇaṃ ciratanaṃ khaṃ paramātmākāśamityarthaḥ | yattatparamātmākāśaṃ purāṇaṃ khaṃ taccakṣurādyaviṣayatvānnirālambanamaśakyaṃ grahītumiti śraddhābhaktibhyāṃ bhāvaviśeṣeṇa coṅkāra āveśayati | yathā viṣṇvaṅgāṅkitāyāṃ śilādipratimāyāṃ viṣṇuṃ loka evam | vāyuraṃ khaṃ vāyurasminvidyata iti vāyuraṃ khaṃ khamātraṃ khamityucyate na purāṇaṃ khamityevamāha sma | ko 'sau | kauravyāyaṇīputraḥ | vāyure hi khe mukhyaḥ svaśabdavyavahārastasmānmukhe saṃpratyayo yukta iti manyate | tatra yadi purāṇaṃ khaṃ brahma nirūpādhisvarūpaṃ yadi vā vāyuraṃ khaṃ sopādhikaṃ brahma sarvathāpyoṅkāraḥ pratīkatvenaiva pratimāvatsādhanatvaṃ pratipadyate | etadvai satyakāma paraṃ cāparaṃ ca brahma yadoṅkāraḥ iti śrutyantarāt | kevalaṃ svaśabdārthe vipratipattiḥ | vedo 'yamoṅkāro veda vijānātyanena yadveditavyam | tasmādveda oṅkāro vācako 'bhidhānam | tenābhidhānena yadveditavyaṃ brahma prakāśyamānamabhidhīyamānaṃ veda sādhako vijānātyupalabhate | tasmādvedo 'yamiti brāhmaṇā viduḥ | tasmādbrāhyaṇānāmabhidhānatvena sādhanatvamabhipretamoṅkārasya | athavā vedo 'yamityādyarthavādaḥ | kathamoṅkāro brahmaṇaḥ pratīkatvena vihitaḥ | oṃ khaṃ brahmeti sāmānādhikaraṇyāttasya stutiridānīṃ vedatvena | sarvo hyayaṃ veda oṅkāra eva | etatprabhava etadātmakaḥ sarvaṃ ṛgyajuḥsāmādibhedabhinna eva oṅkāraḥ tadyathā śaṅkunā sarvāṇi parṇāni ityādiśrutyantarāt | itaścāyaṃ veda oṅkāro yadveditavyaṃ tatsarvaṃ veditavyamoṅkāro vedaḥ | itarasyāpi vedasya vedatvamata eva | tasmādviśiṣṭo 'yamoṅkāraḥ sādhanatvena pratipattavya iti | athavā vedaḥ saḥ |
ko 'sau |
yaṃ brāhmaṇā viduroṅkārāt |
brāhmaṇānāṃ hyasau praṇavodgothādivikalpairvijñeyaḥ |
tasminhi prayujyamāne sādhanatvena sarvo vedaḥ prayukto bhavatīti || 1 ||
iti śrībṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye pañcamādhyāyasya prathamaṃ brāhmaṇam || 1 ||