Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

om ity etad akṣaram udgītham upāsīta |
om iti hy udgāyati |
tasyopavyākhyānam ||

کهند چهارم

FOURTH KHANDA
1. Let a man meditate on the syllable Om, for the udgitha is sung beginning with Om. And this is the full account of the syllable Om:-

om ity etad ityādiprakṛtasyākṣarasya punar upādānam udgīthākṣarādyupāsanāntaritatvād anyatra prasaṅgo mā bhūd ity evam artham | prakṛtasyaivākṣarasyāmṛtābhayaguṇaviśiṣṭasyopāsanaṃ vidhātavyam ity ārambhaḥ | om ity ādi vyākhyātam || 1 ||

devā vai mṛtyor bibhyatas trayīṃ vidyāṃ prāviśan |
te chandobhir acchādayan |
yad ebhir acchādayaṃs tac chandasāṃ chandastvam ||

فرشته ها از مرگ ترسيده باندرون هرسه بيد در آمدند [يعنى به بيدها عمل کردند] ـ و از چهند يعنى وزن خود را پوشا نيدند ـ از اين جهت وزان را چهند نام شد [يعنى پوشنده] ۰

Fereschtehha, à morte timentes, cum intùs Beid intraverunt, et cum significatione (juxtà sensum) τῶν Beidha opus fecerunt, et in tschehend, id est, mensurâ se ipsos texerunt: ex hoc respectu (hinc) τῷ tschehend, tschehend nomen fit; id est, tectus.

2. The Devas, being afraid of death, entered upon (the performance of the sacrifice prescribed in) the threefold knowledge (the three Vedas). They covered themselves with the metrical hymns. Because they covered (khad) themselves with the hymns, therefore the hymns are called khandas.

devā vai mṛtyor mārakād vibhyataḥ kiṃ kṛtavanta ity ucyate | trayīṃ vidyāṃ trayīvihitaṃ karma prāviśan praviṣṭavanto vaidikaṃ karma prārabdhavanta ity arthaḥ | tan mṛtyos rāṇaṃ manyamānāḥ | kiñca te karmaṇy aviniyuktaiś chandobhir mantrair japahomādi kurvanta ātmānaṃ karmāntareṣv acchādayaṃś chāditavantaḥ | yady asmād ebhir mantrair acchādayaṃs tat tasmāc chandasāṃ mantrāṇāṃ chādanāc chandastvaṃ prasiddhame va || 2 ||

tān u tatra mṛtyur yathā matsyam udake paripaśyed evaṃ paryapaśyad ṛci sāmni yajuṣi |
te nu vittvordhvā ṛcaḥ sāmno yajuṣaḥ svaram eva prāviśan ||

و چنانکه ماهى را کسى در آب بيند ، همچنان مرگ فرشته ها را در بيد ديد [يعنى چنانکه ماهى بـى آب زينده نتواند بود ، همچنين فرشته ها بـى بيد زندگى نتوانند کرد] ـ و فرشته ها باندرون شبد [يعنى آهنگى که سام بيد را به ان ميخوانند] در آمدند۰

Quemadmodùm piscem aliquis in aqua videt; ipso hoc modo mortem fereschtehha in Beid viderunt: id est, quemadmodùm piscis sine aquâ vivens non potest esse; ipso hoc modo, fereschtehha, absque Beid vitam non possunt agere. (21) Fereschtehha cum intùs schabd (modum) harmonicum, quód Sam Beid (librum) cum eo legunt, intrârunt:

3. Then, as a fisherman might observe a fish in the water, Death observed the Devas in the Rik, Yagus, and Saman-(sacrifices). And the Devas seeing this, rose from the Rik, Yagus, and Saman-sacrifices, and entered the Svara, i.e. the Om (they meditated on the Om).

tāṃs tatra devān karmaparān mṛtyur yathā loke matsyaghātako matsyamudake nātigambhīre paripaśyed baḍiśodakasrāvopāyasādhyaṃ manyamāna evaṃ paryapaśyad dṛṣṭavān mṛtyuḥ karmakṣayopāyena sādhyān devān mena ity arthaḥ | kvāsau devān dadarśety ucyate-ṛci sāmni yajuṣi | ṛgyajuḥsāmasambandhikarmaṇīty arthaḥ | te nu devā vaidikena karmaṇā saṃskṛtāḥ śuddhātmānaḥ santo mṛtyoś cikīrṣitaṃ viditavantaḥ | viditvā ca ta ūrdhvā vyāvṛttāḥ karmabhya ṛcaḥ sāmno yajuṣa ṛgyajuḥsāmasambaddhāt karmaṇo ’bhyutthāyety arthaḥ | tena karmaṇā mṛtyubhayāpagamaṃ prati nirāśās tad apāsyāmṛtābhayaguṇam akṣaraṃ svaraṃ svaraśabditaṃ prāviśann eva praviṣṭavantaḥ | oṅkāropāsanaparāḥ saṃvṛttāḥ | evaśabdo ’vadhāraṇārthaḥ san samuccayapratiṣedhārthaḥ | tadupāsanaparāḥ saṃvṛttā ity arthaḥ || 3 ||

yadā vā ṛcam āpnoty om ity evātisvarati evaṃ sāmaivaṃ yajuḥ |
eṣa u svaro yad etad akṣaram etad amṛtam abhayam |
tat praviśya devā amṛtā abhavan ||

از اين جهت هر که رگ بيد و ججر بيد و سام بيد ميخواند ، اول اوم ميخواند اين کلمه امرت است [ينى بيزوال] و ناترسنده است ـ فرشته ها باندرون اين کلمه در آمده از مرگ ایمن گشته زندهٔ ابد و ناترسنده شدند ۰

ex hoc respectu, quicunque Rak Beid et Djedjr Beid, et Sam Beid legit, primùm oum pronunciat. Hoc vocabulum amrat est, id est, sine cessatione, et non (nihil) timens est. Fereschtehha cum intùs hoc vocabulum introgressi, à morte tuti redditi, viventes in æternum facti sunt.

4. When a man has mastered the Rig-veda, he says quite loud Om; the same, when he has mastered the Saman and the Yagus. This Svara is the imperishable (syllable), the immortal, free from fear. Because the Devas entered it, therefore they became immortal, and free from fear.

kathaṃ punaḥ svaraśabdavācyatvam akṣarasyety ucyate-yadā vā ṛcam āpnoty om ity evātisvaraty evaṃ sāmaivaṃ yajuḥ | eṣa u svaraḥ | ko ’sau yad etad akṣaram etad amṛtam abhayaṃ tat praviśya yathāguṇam evāmṛtā abhayāś cābhavan devāḥ || 4 ||

sa ya etad evaṃ vidvān akṣaraṃ praṇauty etad evākṣaraṃ svaram amṛtam abhayaṃ praviśati |
tat praviśya yad amṛtā devās tad amṛto bhavati ||

هر که باين کلمه مشغولى کند ، بيزوال است و ناترسنده ـ وهر که باندرون اين کلمه در آين ، چنانکه فرشته ها بيزوال و ناترسنده شده اند ، او نيز بيزوال و ناتر شنده ميشود ۰

Quisquis cum (super) hoc vocabulo maschghouli facit, absque cessatione est et non timens: quisquis cum intùs hoc vocabulum intrat, quemadmodùm fereschtehha absque cessatione et non timentes facti sunt, is etiam absque cessatione et non timens fit.

5. He who knowing this loudly pronounces (pranauti) that syllable, enters the Same (imperishable) syllable, the Svara, the immortal, free from fear, and having entered it, becomes immortal, as the Devas are immortal.

sa yo ’nyo ’pi devavad evaitad akṣaram evam amṛtam abhayaguṇaṃ vidvān praṇauti stauti | upāsanam evātra stutir abhipretā | sa tathaivaitad evākṣaraṃ svaram amṛtam abhayaṃ praviśati | tatpraviśya ca rājakulaṃ praviṣṭānām iva rājño ’ntaraṅgabahiraṅgatāvan na viśiṣṭas tad amṛto bhavati na nyūnatā nāpy adhikatā mṛtatva ity arthaḥ || 5 || iti chāndogyopaniṣac chāṅkarabhāṣye prathamādhyāyasya caturthaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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