Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

atha yad idam asmin brahmapure daharaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ veśma daharo ’sminn antarākāsaḥ |
tasmin yad antas tad anveṣṭavyaṃ tad vāva vijijñāsitavyam iti ||

1. FIRST KHANDA
Harih, Om. There is this city of Brahman (the body), and in it the palace, the small lotus (of the heart), and in it that small ether. Now what exists within that small ether, that is to be sought for, that is to be understood.

atha aṣṭamo ’dhyāyaḥ yadyapi digdeśakālādibhedaśūnyaṃ brahma sadekamevādvitīyamātmaivedaṃ sarvamiti ṣaṣṭhasaptamayoradhigataṃ tathāpīha mandabuddhīnāṃ digdeśādibhedavadvastvityevaṃ bhāvitā buddhirna śakyate sahasā paramārthaviṣayā kartumityanadhigamya ca brahma na puruṣārthasiddhiriti tadadhigamāya hṛdayapuṇḍarīkadeśa upadeṣṭavyaḥ | yadyapi satsamyakpratyayaikaviṣayā kartumityānadhigamya ca brahma na puruṣārthasiddhiriti tadadhigamāya hṛdayapuṇḍarīkadeśa upadeṣṭavyaḥ | yadyapi satsamyakpratyayaikaviṣayaṃ nirguṇaṃ cā’tmatattvaṃ tathāpi mandabuddhīnāṃ guṇavattvasyeṣṭatvātsatyakāmādiguṇavattvaṃ ca vaktavyam | tathā yadyapi brahmavidāṃ stryādiviṣayebhyaḥ svayamevoparamo bhavati tathāpyanekajanmaviṣayasevābhyāsajanitā viṣayaviṣayā tṛṣṇā na sahasā nivartayituṃ śakyata iti brahmacaryādisādhanaviśeṣo vidhātavyaḥ | tathā yadyapyātmaikatvavidāṃ gantṛgamanagantavyābhāvādavidyāviśeṣasthitinimittakṣaye gagana iva vidyududbhūta iva vāyurdagdhendhana ivāgniḥ svātmanyeva nivṛttistathāpi gantṛgamanādivāsitabuddhīnāṃ hṛdayadeśaguṇaviśiṣṭabrahmopāsakānāṃ mūrdhanyayā nāḍyā gatirvaktavyetyaṣṭamaḥ prapāṭhaka ārabhyate | digdeśaguṇagatiphalabhedaśūnyaṃ hi paramārthasadadvayaṃ brahmamandabuddhīnāmasadiva pratibhāti | sanmārgasthāstāvadbhavantu tataḥ śanaiḥ paramārthasadapi grāhayiṣyāmīti manyate śrutiḥ | athānantaraṃ yadidaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ daharamalpaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ puṇḍarīkasadṛśaṃ veśmeva veśma dvārapālādimattvāt | asminbrahmapure brahmaṇaḥ parasya puraṃ rājño ’nekaprakṛtimadyathāpuraṃ tathedamanekendriyamanobuddhibhiḥ svāmyarthakāribhiryuktamiti brahmapuram | pure ca veśma rājño yathā tathā tasminbrahmapure śarīre daharaṃ veśma brahmaṇa upalabdhyadhiṣṭhānamityarthaḥ | yathā viṣṇoḥ śālagrāmaḥ | asminhi svavikāraśiṅge dehe nāmarūpavyākaraṇāya praviṣṭaṃ sadākhyaṃ braṅma jīvenā’tmanetyuktam | tasmādasminhṛdayapuṇḍarīke veśmanyupasaṃhṛtakaraṇairbāhyaviṣayaviraktairviśeṣato brahmacaryasatyasādhanābhyāṃ yuktervakṣyamāṇaguṇavaddhyāyamānairbrahmopalabhyata iti prakaraṇārthaḥ | daharo ’lpataro ’smindahare veśmani veśmano ’lpatvāttadantarvartino ’lpataratvaṃ veśmanaḥ | antarākāśa ākāśākhyaṃ brahma | ākāśo vai nāmeti hi vakṣyati | ākāśa ivāśarīratvātsūkṣmatvasarvagatatvasāmānyācca | tasminnākāśākhye yadantarmadhye tadanveṣṭavyam | tadvāva tadeva ca viśeṣeṇa jijñāsitavyaṃ gurvāśrayaśravaṇādyupāyairanviṣya ca sākṣātkaraṇīyamityarthaḥ || 1 ||

taṃ ced brūyur yad idam asmin brahmapure daharaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ veśma daharo ’sminn antarākāśaḥ kiṃ tad atra vidyate yad anveṣṭavyaṃ yad vāva vijijñāsitavyam iti |
sa brūyāt ||

2. And if they should say to him: 'Now with regard to that city of Brahman, and the palace in it, i.e. the small lotus of the heart, and the small ether within the heart, what is there within it that deserves to be sought for, or that is to be understood.

taṃ cedevamuktavantamācāryaṃ yadi brūyurantevāsinaścodayeyuḥ, kathaṃ, yadidamasminbrahmapure paricchinne ’ntardaharaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ veśma tato ’pyantaralpatara evā’kāśaḥ | puṇḍarīka eva veśmani tāvatkiṃ syāt | kiṃ tato ’lpatare khe yadbhavedityāhuḥ | daharo ’sminnantarākāśaḥ kiṃ tadatra vidyate na kiñcana vidyata ityabhiprāyaḥ | yadi nāma badaramātraṃ kimapi vidyate kiṃ tasyānveṣaṇena vijijñāsanena vā phalaṃ vijijñāsituḥ syāt | ato yatttrānveṣṭavyaṃ vijijñāsitavyaṃ vā na tena prayojanamityuktavataḥ sa ācāryo brūyāditi śrutervacanam || 2 ||

yāvān vā ayam ākāśas tāvān eṣo ’ntarhṛdaya ākāśaḥ |
ubhe ’smin dyāvāpṛthivī antar eva samāhite |
ubhāv agniś ca vāyuś ca sūryācandramasāv ubhau vidyun nakṣatrāṇi |
yac cāsyehāsti yac ca nāsti sarvaṃ tad asmin samāhitam iti ||

3. Then he should say: 'As large as this ether (all space) is, so large is that ether within the heart. Both heaven and earth are contained within it, both fire and air, both sun and moon, both lightning and stars; and whatever there is of him (the Self) here in the world, and whatever is not (i.e. whatever has been or will be), all that is contained within it.'

śṛṇuta | tatra yadbrūtha puṇḍarīkāntaḥkhasyālpatvāttatsthamalpataraṃ syāditi | tadasat | na hi khaṃ puṇḍarīkaveśamagataṃ puṇḍarīkādalpataraṃ matvāvocaṃ daharo ’rsminnantarākāśa iti | kiṃ tarhi puṇḍarīkamalpaṃ tadanuvidhāyi tatsthamantaḥkaraṇaṃ puṇḍarīkākāśaparicchinnaṃ tasminviśuddhe saṃhṛtakaraṇānāṃ yogināṃ svaccha ivodake pratibimbarūpamādarśa iva ca śuddhe svacchaṃ vijñānajyotiḥ svarūpāvabhāsaṃ tāvanmātraṃ brahmopalabhyata iti daharo ’sminnantarākāśa ityavocāmāntaḥkaraṇopādhinimittam | svatastu yāvānvai prasiddhaḥ parimāṇato ’yamākāśo bhautikastāvāneṣo ’ntarhṛdaya ākāśo yasminnanveṣṭavyaṃ vijijñāsitavyaṃ cāvocāma | nāpyākāśatulyaparimāṇatvamabhipretya tāvānityucyate | kiṃ tarhi brahmaṇo ’nurūpasya dṛṣṭāntāntarasyābhāvāt | kathaṃ punarnā’kāśasamameva brahmetyavagamyate | "yenā’vṛtaṃ khaṃ ca divaṃ mahīṃ ca" | "tasmādvā etasmādātmana ākāśaḥ saṃbhūtaḥ" "etasminnu khalvakṣare gārgyākāśaḥ"ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | kiñcobhe ’smindyāvāpṛthivī brahmākāśe buddhyupādhiviśiṣṭe ’ntareva samāhite samyagāhite sthite yathā vā arā nābhāvityuktaṃ hi | tathobhāvagniśca vāyuścetyādi samānam | yaccāsyā’tmana ātmīyatvena dehavato ’sti vidyata iha loke | tatā yaccā’tmīyatvena na vidyate | naṣṭaṃ bhaviṣyacca nāstītyucyate | na tvatyantamevāsat | tasya hṛdyākāśe samādhānānupapatteḥ || 3 ||

taṃ ced brūyur asmiṃś cedaṃ brahmapure sarvaṃ samāhitaṃ sarvāṇi ca bhūtāni sarve ca kāmā yad enaj jarā vāpnoti pradhvaṃsate vā kiṃ tato ’tiśiṣyata iti ||

4. And if they should say to him: 'If everything that exists is contained in that city of Brahman, all beings and all desires (whatever can be imagined or desired), then what is left of it, when old age reaches it and scatters it, or when it falls to pieces?'

taṃ cedevamuktavantaṃ brūyuḥ punarantevāsinaḥ asmiṃścedyathokte cedyadi brahmapuropalakṣitāntarākāśa ityarthaḥ | idaṃ sarvaṃ samāhitaṃ sarvāṇi ca bhūtāni sarve ca kāmāḥ | kathamācāryeṇānuktāḥ kāmā antevāsibhirucyante | naiṣa doṣaḥ yaccāsyehāsti yacca nāstītyuktā eva hyācāryeṇa kāmāḥ | api ca sarvaśabdena coktā eva kāmāḥ | yadā yasminkāla etaccharīraṃ brahmapurākhyaṃ jarāvalīpalitādilakṣaṇā vayohānirvā’pnoti śasrādinā vā vṛkṇaṃ pradhvaṃsate visraṃsate vinaśyati kiṃ tato ’nyadatiśiṣyate | ghaṭāśritakṣīradadhisnehādivadghaṭanāśe dehanāśe ’pi dehāśrayamuttarottaraṃ pūrvapūrvanāśānnaśyatītyabhiprāyaḥ | evaṃ prāpte nāśe kiṃ tato ’nyadyathoktādatiśiṣyate ’vatiṣṭhate na kiñcanāvatiṣṭhata ityabhīprāyaḥ || 4 ||

sa brūyāt |
nāsya jarayaitaj jīryati na vadhenāsya hanyate |
etat satyaṃ brahmapuram asmin kāmāḥ samāhitāḥ |
eṣa ātmāpahatapāpmā vijaro vimṛtyur viśoko vijighatso ’pipāsaḥ satyakāmaḥ satyasaṃkalpaḥ |
yathā hy eveha prajā anvāviśanti yathānuśāsanam |
yaṃ yam antam abhikāmā bhavanti yaṃ janapadaṃ yaṃ kṣetrabhāgaṃ taṃ tam evopajīvanti ||

5. Then he should say: 'By the old age of the body, that (the ether, or Brahman within it) does not age; by the death of the body, that (the ether, or Brahman within it is not killed. That the Brahman) is the true Brahma-city (not the body). In it all desires are contained. It is the Self, free from sin, free from old age, from death and grief, from hunger and thirst, which desires nothing but what it ought to desire, and imagines nothing but what it ought to imagine. Now as here on earth people follow as they are commanded, and depend on the object which they are attached to, be it a country or a piece of land,

evamantevāsibhiścoditaḥ sa ācāryo brūyāttanmatimapanayan | katham | asya dehasya jarayaitadyathoktamantarākāśākhyaṃ braṅma yasminsarva samāhitaṃ na jīryati dehavanna vikriyata ityarthaḥ | na cāsya vadhena śasrādighātenaitaddhanyate yathā’kāśaṃ kimu tato ’pi sūkṣmataramaśabdamasparśaṃ brahma dehendriyādidoṣairna spṛśyata ityetasminnavasare vaktavyaṃ prāptaṃ tatprakṛtavyāsaṅgo mā bhūditi nocyate | indravirocanākhyāyikāyāmupariṣṭādvakṣyāmo yuktitaḥ | etatsatyamavitathaṃ brahmapuraṃ brahmaiva puraṃ brahmapuraṃ śarīrākhyaṃ tu brahmapuraṃ brahmopalakṣaṇārthatvāt | tattvanṛtameva | "vācā’rambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyam"iti śruteḥ | tadvikāre ’nṛte ’pi dehaśuṅge brahmopalabhyata iti brahmapuramityuktaṃ vyāvahārikam | satyaṃ tu brahmapurametadeva brahma | sarvavyavahārāspadatvāt | ato ’sminpuṇḍarīkopalakṣite brahmapure sarve kāmā ye bahirbhavadbhiḥ prārthyante te ’sminneva svātmani samāhitāḥ | atastatprāptyupāyamevānutiṣṭhata bāhyaviṣayatṛṣmāṃ tyajatetyabhiprāyaḥ | eṣa ātmā bhavatāṃ svarūpam | śṛṇuta tasya lakṣaṇam | apahatapāpmā | apahataḥ pāpmā dharmādharmākhyo yasya so ’yamapahatapāpmā | tathā vijaro vigatajaro vimṛtyuśca | taduktaṃ pūrvameva na vadhenāsya hanyata iti | kimartha punarucyate | yadyapi dehasaṃbandhibhyāṃ jarāmṛtyubhyāṃ na saṃbadhyate ’nyathāpi saṃbandhastābhyāṃ syādityāśaṅkānivṛttyartham | viśoko vigataśokaḥ | śoko nāmeṣṭādiviyoganimitto mānasaḥ saṃtāpaḥ | vijighatso vigatāśanecchaḥ | apipāso ’pānecchaḥ | nanvapahatapāpmatvena jarādayaḥ śokāntāḥ pratiṣiddhā eva bhavanti | kāraṇapratiṣedhāt | dharmādharmakāryā hi ta iti | jarādipratiṣedhena vā dharmādharmayoḥ kāryābhāve vidyamānayorapyasatsamatvamiti pṛthakpratiṣedho ’narthakaḥ syāt | satyamevaṃ tathāpi dharmakāryā nandavyatirekeṇa svābhāvikānando yatheśvare vijñānamānandaṃ brahmeti śruteḥ | tathādharmakāryajarādivyatirekeṇāpi jarādiduḥkhasvarūpaṃ svābhāvikaṃ syādityāśaṅkyeta | ato yuktastannivṛttaye jarādīnāṃ dharmādharmābhyāṃ pṛthakpratiṣedhaḥ | jarādigrahaṇaṃ sarvaduḥkhopalakṣaṇārtham | pāpanimittānāṃ tu duḥkhānāmānantyātpratyekaṃ ca tatpratiṣedhasyāśakyatvātsarvaduḥkhapratiṣedhārthaṃ yuktamevāpahatapāpmatvavacanam | satyā avitathāḥ kāmā yasya so ’yaṃ satyakāmaḥ | vitathā hi saṃsāriṇāṃ kāmāḥ | īśvarasya tadviparītāḥ | tathā kāmahetavaḥ saṃkalpā api satyā yasya sa satyasaṃkalpaḥ | saṃkalpāḥ kāmāśca śuddhasattvopādhinimittā īśvarasya citraguvat | na svato neti netītyuktatvāt | yathoktalakṣaṇa evā’tmā vijñeyo gurubhyaḥ śāstrataścā’tmasaṃvedyatayā ca svārājyakāmaiḥ | na cedvijñāyate ko doṣaḥ syāditi | śṛṇutātra doṣaṃ dṛṣṭāntena | yathā hyeveha loke prajā anvāviśantyanuvartante | yathānuśāsanaṃ yatheha prajā anyaṃ svāminaṃ manyamānāḥ svasya svāmino yathā yathānuśāsanaṃ tathā tathānvāviśanti | kim | yaṃ yamantaṃ pratyantaṃ janapadaṃ kṣetrabhāgaṃ cābhikāmā arthinyo bhavantyātmabuddhyanurūpaṃ taṃ tameva ca pratyantādimupajīvantīti | eṣa dṛṣṭānto ’svātantryadeṣaṃ prati puṇyaphalopabhoge || 5 ||

tad yatheha karmajito lokaḥ kṣīyata evam evāmutra puṇyajito lokaḥ kṣīyate |
tad ya ihātmānam ananuvidya vrajanty etāṃś ca satyān kāmāṃs teṣāṃ sarveṣu lokeṣv akāmacāro bhavati |
atha ya ihātmānam anivudya vrajanty etaṃś ca satyān kāmāṃs teṣāṃ sarveṣu lokeṣu kāmacāro bhavati ||

6. 'And as here on earth, whatever has been acquired by exertion, perishes, so perishes whatever is acquired for the next world by sacrifices and other good actions performed on earth. Those who depart from hence without having discovered the Self and those true desires, for them there is no freedom in all the worlds. But those who depart from hence, after having discovered the Self and those true desires, for them there is freedom in all the worlds.

athānyo dṛṣṭāntastatkṣayaṃ prati tadyathehetyādiḥ | tattatra yatheha loke tāsāmeva svāmyanuśāsanānuvartinīnāṃ prajānāṃ sevādijito lokaḥ parādhīnopabhogaḥ kṣīyate ’ntavānbhavati | athedānīṃ dārṣṭāntikamupasaṃharati-evamevāmutrāgnihotrādipuṇyaj ito lokaḥ parādhīnopabhogaḥ kṣīyata evetyukto doṣa eṣāmiti viṣayaṃ darśayati-tadya ityādinā | tattatrehāsmiṃlloke jñānakarmaṇoradhikṛtā yogyāḥ santa ātmānaṃ yathoktalakṣaṇaṃ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭamananuvidya yathopadeśamanu svasaṃvedyatāmakṛtvā vrajanti dehādasmāt prayanti ya etāṃśca yathoktān satyān satyasaṃkalpakāryāṃśca svātmasthān kāmānananuvidya vrajanti teṣāṃ sarveṣu lokeṣvakāmacāro ’svatantratā bhavati | yathā rājānuśāsanānuvartinīnāṃ prajānāmityarthaḥ | atha ye ’nya iha loka ātmānaṃ śāsrācāryoradeśamanuvidya svātmasaṃvedyatāmāpādya vrajanti yathoktāṃśca satyānkāmāṃsteṣāṃ sarveṣu lokeṣu kāmacāro bhavati rājña iva sārvabhaumasyeha loke || 6 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi aṣṭamādhyāyasya prathamaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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