Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

vāyur vāva saṃvargaḥ |
yadā vā agnir udvāyati vāyum evāpyeti |
yadā sūryo ’stam eti vāyum evāpyeti |
yadā candro ’stam eti vāyum evāpyeti ||

1. THIRD KHANDA
Air (vayu) is indeed the end of all . For when fire goes out, it goes into air. When the sun goes down, it goes into air. When the moon goes down, it goes into air.

vāyurvāva saṃvargo vāyurbāhyo vāvetyavadhāraṇārthaḥ | saṃvargaḥ saṃvarjanātsaṃgrahaṇātsaṃgrasanādvā saṃvargaḥ | vakṣyamāṇā agnyādyā devatā ātmabhāvamāpādayatītyataḥ saṃvargaḥ | savarjavākhyo guṇo dhyeyo vāyuvat | kṛtāyāntabharvadṛṣṭāntāt | kathaṃ saṃvargattvaṃ vāyorityāha | yadā yasminkāle vā agnirudvāyatyudvāsanaṃ prāpnotyupaśāmyati tadāsāvagnirvāyumevāpyeti vāyusvābhāvyamapigacchati | tathā yadā sūryo ’stameti vāyumevāpyeti | yadā candro ’stameti vāyumevāpyeti | nanu kathaṃ sūryācandramasoḥ svarūpāvasthitayorvāyāvapigamanam | naiṣa doṣaḥ | astamane ’darśanaprāptervāyunimittatvāt | vāyunā hyastaṃ nīyate sūryaḥ calanasya vāyukāryatvāt | athavā pralaye sūryācandramasoḥ svarūpabhraṃśe tejorūpayorvāyāvevāpigamanaṃ syāt || 1 ||

yadāpa ucchuṣyanti vāyum evāpiyanti |
vāyur hy evaitān sarvān saṃvṛṅkte |
ity adhidaivatam ||

2. 'When water dries up, it goes into air. Air indeed consumes them all. So much with reference to the Devas.

tathā yadā’pa ucchuṣyantyucchoṣamāpnuvanti tadā vāyumevāpiyanti | vāyurhi yasmādevaitānagnyādyānmahābalānsaṃvṛṅkte | ato vāyuḥ saṃvargaguṇa upāsya ityarthaḥ | ityadhidaivataṃ devatāsu saṃvargadarśanamuktam || 2 ||

athādhyātmam |
prāṇo vāva samvargaḥ |
sa yadā svapiti prāṇam eva vāg apy eti |
prāṇaṃ cakṣuḥ |
prāṇaṃ śrotram |
prāṇaṃ manaḥ |
prāṇo hy evaitān sarvān saṃvṛṅkta iti ||

3. 'Now with reference to the body. Breath (prana) is indeed the end of all. When a man sleeps, speech goes into breath, so do sight, hearing, and mind. Breath indeed consumes them all.

athānantaramadhyātmamātmani saṃvargadarśanamidamucyate | prāṇo mukhyovāva saṃvargaḥ | sa puruṣo yadā yasminkāle svapiti prāṇameva vāgapyeti vāyumivāgniḥ prāṇaṃ cakṣuḥ prāṇaṃ śrotraṃ prāṇaṃ manaḥ prāṇo hi yasmādevaitānvāgādīnsarvānsaṃvṛṅkta iti || 3 ||

tau vā etau dvau samvargau |
vāyur eva deveṣu prāṇaḥ prāṇeṣu ||

4. 'These are the two ends, air among the Devas, breath among the senses (pranah).'

tau vā etau dvau saṃvargau saṃvarjanaguṇo vāyureva deveṣu saṃvargaḥ prāṇaḥ prāṇeṣu vāgādiṣu mukhyaḥ || 4 ||

atha ha śaunakaṃ ca kāpeyam abhipratāriṇaṃ ca kākṣaseniṃ pariviṣyamāṇau brahmacārī bibhikṣe |
tasmā u ha na dadatuḥ ||

5. Once while Saunaka Kapeya and Abhipratarin Kakshaseni were being waited on at their meal, a religious student begged of them. They gave him nothing.

athaitayoḥ stutyarthamiyamākhyāyikā’rabhyate | hetyaitihyārthaḥ | śaunakaṃ ca śunakasyāpatyaṃ śonakaṃ kāpeyaṃ kapigotramabhipratāriṇaṃ ca nāmataḥ kakṣasenasyāpatyaṃ kākṣaseniṃ bhojanāyopaviṣṭau pariviṣyamāṇau sūpakārairbrahmacārī brahmavicchaṇḍo bibhikṣe bhikṣitavān | brahmacāriṇo brahmavinmānitāṃ buddhvā taṃ jijñāsamānau tasmā u bhikṣāṃ na jajaturna dattavantau ha kimayaṃ bakṣyatīti || 5 ||

sa hovāca |
mahātmanaś caturo deva ekaḥ kaḥ sa jagāra bhuvanasya gopāḥ |
taṃ kāpeya nābhipaśyanti martyā abhipratārin bahudhā vasantam |
yasmai vā etad annaṃ tasmā etan na dattam iti ||

6. He said: 'One god -who is he?- swallowed the four great ones, he, the guardian of the world. O Kapeya, mortals see him not, O Abhipratarin, though he dwells in many places. He to whom this food belongs, to him it has not been given .'

sa hovāca brahmacārī mahātmanaścatura iti dvitīyābahuvacanam | deva eko ’gnyādīnvāyurvāgādīnprāṇaḥ | kaḥ sa prajāpatirjagāra grasitavān | kaḥ sa jagāreti praśnameke | bhuvanasya bhavantyasminbhūtānīti bhuvanaṃ bhūrādiḥ sarvo lokastasya gopā gopāyitā rakṣitā goptetyarthaḥ | taṃ kaṃ prajāpatiṃ he kāpeya nābhipaśyanti na jānanti martyā maraṇadharmāṇo ’vivekino vā he ’bhipratārinbahudhādhyātmādhidaivatādhibhūtaprakārairvasantam | yasmai vā etadahanyahanyannamadanāyā’hriyate saṃskriyate ca tasmai prajāpataya etadannaṃ na dattamiti || 6 ||

tad u ha śaunakaḥ kāpeyaḥ pratimanvānaḥ pratyeyāya |
ātmā devānāṃ janitā prajānāṃ hiraṅyadaṃṣṭro babhaso ’nasūriḥ |
mahāntam asya mahimānam āhur anadyamāno yad anannam atti |
iti vai vayam brahmacārin nedam upāsmahe dattāsmai bhikṣām iti ||

7. Saunaka Kapeya, pondering on that speech, went to the student and said : 'He is the self of the Devas, the creator of all beings, with golden tusks, the eater, not without intelligence. His greatness is said to be great indeed, because, without being eaten, he eats even what is not food. Thus do we, O Brahmakarin, meditate on that Being.' Then he said: 'Give him food.'

tadu ha brahmacāriṇo vacanaṃ śaunakaḥ kāpeyaḥ pratimanvāno manasā’locayanbrahmacāriṇaṃ pratyeyāyā’jagāma | gatvā cā’ha-yaṃ tvamavoco na paśyanti martyā iti taṃ vayaṃ paśyāmaḥ | katham?ātmā sarvasya sthāvarajaṅgamasya | kiñca devānāmagnyādīnāmātmani saṃhṛtya grasitvā punarjanitotpādayitā vāyurūpeṇādhidaivatamagnyādīnām | adhyātmaṃ ca prāṇarūpeṇa vāgādīnāṃ prajānāṃ ca danitā | atha vā’tmā devānāmagnivāgādīnāṃ janitā prajānāṃ sthāvarajaṅgamānām | hiraṇyadaṃṣṭro ’bhagnadaṃṣṭra iti yāvat | babhaso bhakṣaṇaśīlaḥ | anasūriḥ sūrirmedhāvī na sūrirasūristatpratiṣedho ’nasūriḥ sūrirevetyarthaḥ | mahāntamatipramāṇamaprameyamasya prajāpatermahimānaṃ vibhūtimāhurbrahmavidaḥ | yasmātsvayamanyairanadyamāno ’bhakṣyamāṇo yadanannamagnivāgādidevatārūpamatti bhakṣayatīti | vā iti nirarthakaḥ | vayaṃ he brahmacārin, ā, idamevaṃ yathoktalakṣaṇaṃ brahma vayamā upāsmahe | vayamiti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ | anye na vayamidamupāsmahe | kiṃ tarhi parameva brahmopāsmaha iti varṇayanti | dattāsmai bhikṣāmityavocadbhṛtyān || 7 ||

tasmai u ha daduḥ |
te vā ete pañcānye pañcānye daśa santas tat kṛtam |
tasmāt sarvāsu dikṣv annam eva daśa kṛtam |
saiṣā virāḍ annādī |
tayedaṃ sarvaṃ dṛṣṭam |
sarvam asya idaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ bhavaty annādo bhavati ya evaṃ veda ya evaṃ veda ||

8. They gave him food. Now these five (the eater Vayu (air), and his food, Agni (fire), Aditya (sun), Kandramas (moon), Ap (water)) and the other five (the eater Prana (breath), and his food, speech, sight, hearing, mind) make ten, and that is the Krita (the highest) cast (representing the ten, the eaters and the food). Therefore in all quarters those ten are food (and) Krita (the highest cast). These are again the Virag (of ten syllables) which eats the food. Through this aH this becomes seen. He who knows this sees all this and becomes an eater of food, yea, he becomes an eater of food.

tasmā u ha daduste hi bhikṣām | te vai ye grasyante ’gnyādayo yaśca teṣāṃ grasitā vāyuḥ pañcānye vāgādibhyaḥ, tathānye tebhyaḥ pañcādhyātmaṃ vāgādayaḥ prāṇaśca, te sarve daśa santastatkṛtaṃ bhavati, te caturaṅka ekāya evaṃ catvāraḥ tryaṅkāyaḥ evaṃ trayo ’pare dvyaṅkāyaḥ evaṃ dvāvanyāvekāṅkāya evameko ’nya, ityevaṃ deśa santastatkṛtaṃ bhavati | yata evaṃ tasmātsarvāsu dikṣu daśasvapyagnyādyā vāgādyāśca daśasaṃkhyāsāmānyādannameva"daśākṣarā virāḍ virāḍannam" iti hi śrutiḥ | ato ’nnameva daśasaṃkhyatvāt | tata eva daśa kṛtaṃ kṛte ’ntarbhāvāccaturāyatvenetyavocāma | saiṣā virāḍdaśasaṃkhyā satyannaṃ cānnādyannādinī ca kṛtatvena daśasaṃkhyayānnaṃ kṛtasaṃkhyayānnādī tayā annānnādinyā idaṃ sarvaṃ jagaddaśadiksaṃsthaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ kṛtasaṃkhyābhūtayopalabdham | evaṃvido ’sya sarvaṃ kṛtasaṃkhyābhūtasya daśadiksaṃbaddhaṃ dṛṣṭamupalabdhaṃ bhavati | kiñcānnādaśca bhavati ya evaṃ veda yathoktadarśī | dvirabhyāsa upāsanamāptyarthaḥ || 8 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi caturthādhyāyasya tṛtīyaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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