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Chāndogyopaniṣat

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Chāndogyopaniṣat
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionTitle
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 1
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 2
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 3
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 4
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 5
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 6
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 7
Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 8
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yad agne rohitaṃ rūpaṃ tejasas tad rūpam |
yac chuklaṃ tad apām |
yat kṛṣṇaṃ tad annasya |
apāgād agner agnitvam |
vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ trīṇi rūpāṇīty eva satyam || 
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1. FOURTH KHANDA
'The red colour of burning fire (agni) is the colour of fire, the white colour of fire is the colour of water, the black colour of fire the colour of earth. Thus vanishes what we call fire, as a mere variety, being a name, arising from speech. What is true (satya) are the three colours (or forms). 
yattaddevatānāṃ trivṛtkaraṇamuktaṃ tasyaivodāharaṇamucyate | udāharaṇaṃ nāmaikadeśaprasiddhyarthamudāhriyata iti | tadetadāha - yadagnesrivṛtkṛtānāṃ, yatkṛṣṇaṃ tasyaivāgne rūpaṃ tadannasya pṛthivyā atrivṛtkṛtāyā iti viddhi | tatraivaṃ sata rūpatrayavyatirekeṇāgniriti yanmanyase tvaṃ tasyāgneragnitvamidānīmapāgādapagatam | prāgrūpatrayavivekavijñānādyāgnibuddhirāsītte sāgnibuddhirapagatāgniśabdaścetyarthaḥ | yathādṛṣyamānaraktopadhānasaṃyuktaḥ sphaṭiko gṛhyamāṇaḥ padmarāgo ’yamitiśabdabuddhyoḥ prayojako bhavati prāgupadhānasphaṭikayorvivekavijñāne tu padmarāgaśabdabuddhī nivartete tadvivekavijñātustadvat | nanu kimatra buddhiśabdakalpanayā kriyate prāgrūpatrayavivekakaraṇādagnirevā’sīttadagneragnitvaṃ rohitādirūpavivekakaraṇādapāgāditi yuktaṃ yathā tantvapakarṣaṇe paṭābhāvaḥ | naivaṃ, buddhiśabdamātrameva hyagniryata āha vācā’rambhaṇamagnirnāma vikāro nāmadheya nāmamātramityarthaḥ | ato ’gnibuddharapi mṛṣaiva | kiṃ tarhi tatra satyaṃ trīṇi rūpāṇītyeva satyaṃ nāṇumātramapi rūpatrayavyatirekeṇa satyamastītyavadhāraṇārthaḥ || 1 || 
yad ādityasya rohitaṃ rūpaṃ tejasas tad rūpam |
yac chuklaṃ tad apām |
yat kṛṣṇaṃ tad annasya |
apāgād ādityād ādityatvam |
vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ trīṇi rūpāṇīty eva satyam || 
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2. 'The red colour of the sun (aditya) is the colour of fire, the white of water, the black of earth. Thus vanishes what we call the sun, as a mere variety, being a name, arising from speech. What is true are the three colours. 
 
yac candramaso rohitaṃ rūpaṃ tejasas tad rūpam |
yac chuklaṃ tad apām |
yat kṛṣṇaṃ tad annasya |
apāgāc candrāc candratvam |
vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ trīṇi rūpāṇīty eva satyam || 
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3. 'The red colour of the moon is the colour of fire, the white of water, the black of earth. Thus vanishes what we call the moon, as a mere variety, being a name, arising from speech. What is true are the three colours. 
 
yad vidyuto rohitaṃ rūpaṃ tejasas tad rūpam |
yac chuklaṃ tad apām |
yat kṛṣṇaṃ tad annasya |
apāgād vidyuto vidyuttvam |
vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ trīṇi rūpāṇīty eva satyam || 
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4. 'The red colour of the lightning is the colour of fire, the white of water, the black of earth. Thus vanishes what we call the lightning, as a mere variety, being a name, arising from speech. What is true are the three colours. 
tathā yadādityasya yaccandramaso yadvidyuta ityādi samānam | nanu yathā nu khalu somyemāstisro devatāsrivṛttrivṛdekaikā bhavati tanme vijānīhityuktvā tejasa eva caturbhirapyudāharaṇairagnyādibhisrivṛtkaraṇaṃ darśitaṃ nābannayorudāharaṇaṃ darśitaṃ trivṛtkaraṇe | naiṣa doṣaḥ | abannaviṣayāṇyapyudāharaṇānyevameva ca draṣṭavyānīti manyate śrutiḥ | tejasa udāharaṇamupalakṣaṇārtham | rūpavattvātspaṣṭārthatvopapatteśca | gandharasayoranudāharaṇaṃ trayāṇāmasambhavāt | na hi gandharasau tejasi staḥ | sparśaśabdayoranudāharaṇaṃ vibhāgena darśayitumaśakyatvāt | yadi sarvaṃ jagattrivṛtkṛtamityagnyādivattrīṇi rūpāṇītyeva satyamagneragnitvavadapāgājjagato jagattvam | tathānnasyāpyapśuṅgatvādāpa ityeva satyaṃ vācārambhaṇamātramannam | tathāpāmapi tejaḥśuṅgatvādvācārambhaṇatvaṃ teja ityeva satyam | tejaso ’pi sacchuṅgatvādvācārambhaṇatvaṃ sadityeva satyamityeṣor’tho vivakṣitaḥ | nanu vāyvantarikṣe tvatrivṛtkṛte tejaḥ prabhṛtiṣvanantarbhūtatvādavaśiṣyete | evaṃ gandharasaśabdasparśāścāvaśiṣṭā iti kathaṃ satā vijñātena sarvamanyadvijñātaṃ bhavettadvijñāne vā prakārāntaraṃ vācyam | naiṣa doṣaḥ | rūpavaddravye sarvasya darśanāt | tejasi tāvadrūpavati śabdasparśayorapyulabhbhādvāyvantarikṣayostatra sparśaśabdaguṇavatoḥ sadbhāvo ’numīyate | tathābannayo rūpavato rasagandhāntabhāva iti | rūpavatāṃ trayāṇāṃ tejobannānāṃ trivṛtkaraṇapradarśanena sarvaṃ tadantarbhūtaṃ sadvikāratvāt rūpatrayavat vijñātaṃ manyate śrutiḥ | na hi mūrtaṃ rūpavaddravyaṃ pratyākhyāya vāyvākāśayostadguṇayorgandharasayorvā grahaṇamasti | athavā rūpavatāmapi trivṛtkaraṇaṃ pradarśanārthameva manyate śrutiḥ | yathā tu trivṛtkṛte trīṇi rūpāṇītyeva satyaṃ tathā pañcīkaraṇe ’pi samāno nyāya ityataḥ sarvasya sadvikāratvātsatā vijñātena sarvamidaṃ vijñātaṃ syātsadekamevādvitīyaṃ satyamiti siddhameva bhavati | tadekasminsati vijñāte sarvamidaṃ vijñātaṃ bhavatīti sūktam || 2-4 || 
etad dha sma vai tadvidvāṃsa āhuḥ pūrve mahāśālā mahāśrotriyāḥ |
na no ’dya kaścanāśrutam amatam avijñātam udāhariṣyati |
iti hy ebhyo vidāṃ cakruḥ || 
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5. 'Great householders and great theologians of olden times who knew this, have declared the same, saying, " No one can henceforth mention to us anything which we have not heard, perceived, or known'." Out of these (three colours or forms) they knew all. 
etadvidvāṃso viditavantaḥ pūrve ’tikrāntā mahāśālā mahāśroṇiyā āhurha sma vai kila | kimuktavanta ityāhana no ’smākaṃ kule ’dyedānīṃ yathoktavijñānavatāṃ kaśna kaścidapyaśrutamamatamavijñātamudāhariṣyati nodāhariṣyati sarvaṃ vijñātamevāsmatkulīnānāṃ sadvijñānavattvādityābhiprāyaḥ | te punaḥ kathaṃ sarvaṃ vijñātavanta ityāha-ebhyasribhyo rohitādirūpebhyasrivṛtkṛtebhyo vijñātebhyaḥ sarvamapyanyacchiṣṭamevameveti vidāñcakrurvijñātavanto yasmāttasmātsarvajñā eva sadvijñānātta āsurityarthaḥ | athavaibhyo vidāñcakrurityagnyādibhyo dṛṣṭāntebhyo vijñātebhyaḥ sarvamanyadvidāñcakrurityetat || 5 || 
yad u rohitam ivābhūd iti tejasas tad rūpam iti tad vidāṃ cakruḥ |
yad u śuklam ivābhūd ity apāṃ rūpam iti tad vidāṃ cakruḥ |
yad u kṛṣṇam ivābhūd ity annasya rūpam iti tad vidāṃ cakruḥ || 
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6. 'Whatever they thought looked red, they knew was the colour of fire. Whatever they thought looked white, they knew was the colour of water. Whatever they thought looked black, they knew was the colour of earth. 
 
yad v avijñātam ivābhūd ity etāsām eva devatānāṃ samāsa iti tad vidāṃ cakruḥ |
yathā nu khalu somyemās tisro devatāḥ puruṣaṃ prāpya trivṛt trivṛd ekaikā bhavati tan me vijānīhīti || 
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7. 'Whatever they thought was altogether unknown, they knew was some combination of those three beings (devata).
'Now learn from me, my friend, how those three beings, when they reach man, become each of them tripartite. 
katham | yad anyad rūpeṇa sandihyamāne kapotādirūpe rohitamiva yadgṛhyamāṇamabhūtteṣāṃ pūrveṣāṃ brahmavidāṃ tattejaso rūpamiti vidāñcakruḥ tathā yacchuklamivābhūdgṛhyamāṇaṃ tadāpāṃ rūpaṃ yatkṛṣṇamiva gṛhyamāṇaṃ tadannasyeti vidāñcakrurevamevātyantadurlakṣyaṃ yadu apyavijñātamiva viśeṣato ’gṛhyamāṇamabhūttadapyetāsāmeva tisṛṇāṃ devatānāṃ samāsaḥ samudāya iti vidāñcakruḥ | evaṃ tāvadbāhyaṃ vastvagnyādivavijñātaṃ tathedānīṃ yathā nu khalu he somyemā yathoktāstisro devatāḥ puraṣaṃ śiraḥpāmyādilakṣaṇaṃ kāryakāraṇasaṅghātaṃ prāpya puruṣeṇopayujyamānāsrivṛttrivṛdekaikā bhavati tanme vijānīhi nigadata ityuktvā’ha || 6-7 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi ṣaṣṭhādhyāyasya caturthaḥ khaṇḍaḥ 
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