Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

yo ha vai jyeṣṭhaṃ ca śreṣṭhaṃ ca veda jyeṣṭhaś ca ha vai śreṣṭhaś ca bhavati |
prāṇo vāva jyeṣṭhaś ca śreṣṭhaś ca ||

1. FIRST KHANDA
He who knows the oldest and the best becomes himself the oldest and the best. Breath indeed is the oldest and the best.

atha pañcamo ’dhyāyaḥ saguṇa brahmavidyāyā uttarā gatiruktā | athedānīṃ pañcame ’dhyāye pañcāgnivido gṛhasthasyordhvaretasāṃ ca śraddhālūnāṃ vidyāntaraśīlināṃ tāmeva gatimanūdyānyā dakṣiṇadiksambandhinī kevalakarmiṇāṃ dhūmādilakṣaṇā punarāvṛttirūpā tṛtīyā ca tataḥ kaṣṭatarā saṃsāragatirvairāgyahetorvaktavyetyārabhyate | prāṇaḥ śreṣṭho vāgādibhyaḥ prāṇo vāva saṃvarga ityādi ca bahuśo ’tīte granthe prāṇagrahaṇaṃ kṛtam | sa kathaṃ śreṣṭho vāgādiṣu sarvaiḥ saṃhatyakāritvāviśeṣe?kathaṃ ca tasyopāsanamiti tasya śreṣṭhatvādiguṇavidhitsayedamanantaramārabhyate-yo ha vai kaścijjyeṣṭhaṃ ca prathamaṃ vayasā vāva jyeṣṭhaśca vayasā vāgādibhyaḥ | garbhasthe hi puruṣe prāṇasya vṛttirvāgādibhyaḥ pūrvaṃ labdhātmikā bhavati yayā garbho vivardhate cakṣurādisthānāvayavaniṣpattau satyāṃ paścādvāgādīnāṃ vṛttilābha iti prāṇo jyeṣṭho vayasā bhavati | śreṣṭhatvaṃ tu pratipādayiṣyati suhaya ityādinidarśanena | ataḥ prāṇa eva jyeṣṭhaśca śreṣṭhaścāsminkāryakaraṇasaṅghāte || 1 ||

yo ha vai vasiṣṭhaṃ veda vasiṣṭho ha svānāṃ bhavati |
vāg vāva vasiṣṭhaḥ ||

2. He who knows the richest, becomes himself the richest. Speech indeed is the richest.

yo ha vai vasiṣṭhaṃ vasitṛtamamācchādayitṛtamaṃ vasumattamaṃ vā yo veda sa tathaiva vasiṣṭho ha bhavati svānāṃ jñātīnām | kastarhi vasiṣṭha ityāha | vāgvāva vasiṣṭho vāgmino hi puruṣā vasantyabhibhavantyanyānvasumattamāścāto vāgvasiṣṭhaḥ || 2 ||

yo ha vai pratiṣṭhāṃ veda prati ha tiṣṭhaty asmiṃś ca loke ’muṣmiṃś ca |
cakṣur vāva pratiṣṭhā ||

3. He who knows the firm rest, becomes himself firm in this world and in the next. The eye indeed is the firm rest.

yo ha vai pratiṣṭhāṃ veda sa cāsmiṃlloke ’muṣmiṃśca pare pratitiṣṭhati ha | kā tarhi pratiṣṭhetyāha-cakṣurvāva pratiṣṭhā | cakṣuṣā hi paśyansame ca durge ca pratitiṣṭhati yasmādataḥ pratiṣṭhā cakṣuḥ || 3 ||

yo ha vai saṃpadaṃ veda saṃ hāsmai kāmāḥ padyante daivāś ca mānuṣāś ca |
śrotraṃ vāva saṃpat ||

4. He who knows success, his wishes succeed, both his divine and human wishes. The ear indeed is success.

yo ha vai sampadaṃ veda tasmā asmai daivāśca mānuṣāśca kāmāḥ sampadyante ha | kā tarhi sampadityāha-śrotraṃ vāva sampat | yasmācchrotreṇa vedā gṛhyante tadarthavijñānaṃ ca tataḥ karmāṇi kriyante tataḥ kāmasampadityevaṃ kāmasampaddhetutvācchrotraṃ vāva saṃpat || 4 ||

yo ha vā āyatanaṃ vedāyatanaṃ ha svānāṃ bhavati |
mano ha vā āyatanam ||

5. He who knows the home, becomes a home of his people. The mind indeed is the home.

yo ha vā āyatanaṃ vedā’yatanaṃ ha svānāṃ bhavatyāśrayo bhavatītyarthaḥ | kiṃ tadāyatanamityāha-mano ha vā āyatanam | indriyopahṛtānāṃ viṣayāṇāṃ bhoktrarthānāṃ pratyayarūpāmāṃ mana āyatanamāśrayaḥ | ato mano ha vā āyatanamityuktam || 5 ||

atha ha prāṇā ahaṃśreyasi vyūdire |
ahaṃ śreyān asmy ahaṃ śreyān asmīti ||

6. The five senses quarrelled together, who was the best, saying, I am better, I am better.

atha ha prāṇā evaṃ yathoktaguṇāḥ santo ’haṃśreyasyahaṃ śreyānasmyahaṃ śreyānasmītyetasminprayojane vyūdire nānā viruddhaṃ codira uktavantaḥ || 6 ||

te ha prāṇāḥ prajāpatiṃ pitaram etyocuḥ bhagavan ko naḥ śreṣṭha iti |
tān hovāca |
yasmin va utkrānte śarīraṃ pāpiṣṭhataram iva dṛśyeta sa vaḥ śreṣṭha iti ||

7. They went to their father Pragapati and said: 'Sir, who is the best of us?' He replied: ' He by whose departure the body seems worse than worst, he is the best of you.'

te ha - tai haivaṃ vivadamānā ātmanaḥ śreṣṭhatvavijñānāya prajāpatiṃ pitaraṃ janayitāraṃ kañcidetyocuruktavanto he bhagavanko no ’smākaṃ madhye śreṣṭho ’bhyadhiko guṇairityevaṃ pṛṣṭavantaḥ | tānpitovāca ha yasminvo yuṣmākaṃ madhye utkrānte śarīramidaṃ pāpiṣṭhamivātiśayena jīvato ’pi, samutkrāntaprāṇaṃ tato ’pi pāpiṣṭhataramivātiśayena dṛṣyate kuṇapamaspṛśyamaśuci dṛśyeta sa vo yuṣmākaṃ śreṣṭha ityavocatkākvā tadduḥkhaṃ parijihīrṣuḥ || 7 ||

sā ha vāg uccakrāma |
sā saṃvatsaraṃ proṣya paryetyovāca |
katham aśakatarte maj jīvitum iti |
yathā kalā avadantaḥ prāṇantaḥ prāṇena paśyantaś cakṣuṣā śṛṇvantaḥ śrotreṇa dhyāyanto manasaivam iti |
praviveśa ha vāk ||

8. The tongue (speech) departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: 'How have you been able to live without me?' They replied: 'Like mute people, not speaking, but breathing with the breath, seeing with the eye, hearing with the ear, thinking with the mind. 'thus we lived.' Then speech went back.

cakṣur hoccakrāma |
tat saṃvatsaraṃ proṣya paryetyovāca |
katham aśakatarte maj jīvitum iti |
yathāndhā apaśyantaḥ prāṇantaḥ prāṇena vadanto vācā śṛṇvantaḥ śrotreṇa dhyāyanto manasaivam iti |
praviveśa ha cakṣuḥ ||

9. The eye (sight) departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: 'How have you been able to live without me?' They replied: 'Like blind people, not seeing, but breathing with the breath, speaking with the tongue, hearing with the ear, thinking with the mind. Thus we lived.' Then the eye went back.

śrotraṃ hoccakrāma |
tat saṃvatsaraṃ proṣya paryetyovāca katham aśakatarte maj jīvitum iti |
yathā badhirā aśṛṇvantaḥ prāṇantaḥ prāṇena vadanto vācā paśyantaś cakṣuṣā dhyāyanto manasaivam iti |
praviveśa ha śrotram ||

10. The ear (hearing) departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: 'How have you been able to live without me?' They replied: 'Like deaf people, not hearing, but breathing with the breath, speaking with the tongue, thinking with the mind. Thus we lived.' Then the ear went back.

mano hoccakrāma |
tat saṃvatsaraṃ proṣya paryetyovāca |
katham aśakatarte maj jīvitum iti |
yathā bālā amanasaḥ prāṇantaḥ prāṇena vadanto vācā paśyantaś cakṣuṣā śṛṇvantaḥ śrotreṇaivam iti |
praviveśa ha manaḥ ||

11. The mind departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: 'How have you been able to live without me?' They replied: 'Like children whose mind is not yet formed, but breathing with the breath, speaking with the tongue, seeing with the eye, hearing with the ear. Thus we lived.' Then the mind went back.

tathokteṣu pitrā prāṇeṣu sā ha vāguccakrāmotkrāntavatī | sā cotkramya saṃvatsaramātraṃ proṣya svavyāpārānnivṛttā satī punaḥ paryetyetarānprāṇānuvāca kathaṃ kena prakāreṇāśakata śaktavanto yūyaṃ madṛte māṃ vinā jīvituṃ dhārayitumātmānamiti te hocuryathākalā ityādi | akalā mūkā yathā loke ’vadanto vācā jīvanti | katham?prāṇantaḥ prāṇena paśyantaścakṣuṣā śṛṇvantaḥ śrotreṇa dhyāyanto manasaivaṃ sarvakaraṇaceṣṭāṃ kurvanta ityarthaḥ | evaṃ vayamajīviṣmetyarthaḥ | ātmano ’śreṣṭhatāṃ prāṇeṣu buddhvā praviveśa ha vākpunaḥ svavyāpāre pravṛttā babhūvetyarthaḥ | samānamanyaccakṣurheccakrāma śrotraṃ hoccakrāma mano hoccakrāmetyādi | yathā bālā amanaso ’prarūḍhamanasa ityarthaḥ || 8-11 ||

atha ha prāṇa uccikramiṣan sa yathā suhayaḥ paḍvīśaśaṅkūn saṃkhided evam itarān prāṇān samakhidat |
taṃ hābhisametyocuḥ |
bhagavann edhi |
tvaṃ naḥ śreṣṭho ’si |
motkramīr iti ||

12. The breath, when on the point of departing, tore up the other senses, as a horse, going to start, might tear up the pegs to which he is tethered'. They came to him and said: 'Sir, be thou (our lord); thou art the best among us. Do not depart from us!'

evaṃ parīkṣiteṣu vāgādiṣvathānantaraṃ ha sa mukhyaḥ prāṇa uccikramiṣannutkramitumicchankimakarodityucyate | yathā loke suhayaḥ śobhano ’śvaḥ paḍvīśaśaṅkūnpādabandhanakīlānparīkṣaṇāyā’rūḍhena kaśyāhataḥ sansaṅkhidetsamutkhanet samutpāṭayet, evamitarānvāgādīnprāṇānsamakhidatsamuddhṛtavān | te prāṇāḥ sañcālitāḥ santaḥ svasthāne sthātumanutsahamānā abhisametya mukhyaṃ prāṇaṃ tamūcurheṃ bhagavannedhi bhava naḥ svāmī yasmāttvaṃ no ’smākaṃ śreṣṭho ’si mā cāsmāddehādutkramīriti || 12 ||

atha hainaṃ vāg uvāca |
yad ahaṃ vasiṣṭho ’smi tvaṃ tadvasiṣṭho ’sīti |
atha hainaṃ cakṣur uvāca |
yad ahaṃ pratiṣṭhāsmi tvaṃ tatpratiṣṭhāsīti ||

13. Then the tongue said to him: 'If I am the richest, thou art the richest.' The eye said to him If I am the firm rest, thou art the firm rest.'

atha hainaṃ śrotram uvāca |
yad ahaṃ saṃpad asmi tvaṃ tatsaṃpad asīti |
atha hainaṃ mana uvāca |
yad aham āyatanam asmi tvaṃ tadāyatanam asīti ||

14. The ear said to him: 'If I am success, thou art success.' The mind said to him: 'If I am the home, thou art the home.'

atha hainaṃ vāgādayaḥ prāṇasya śreṣṭhatvaṃ kāryeṇā’pādayanta āhurbalimiva haranto rājñe viśaḥ | kathaṃ, vāk tāvaduvāca yadahaṃ vasiṣṭho ’smi | yaditi kriyāviśeṣaṇaṃ yadvasiṣṭhatvaguṇāsmītyarthaḥ | tvaṃ tadvasiṣṭhastena vasiṣṭhatvaguṇo ’jñānānmameti mayābhimata ityetat | tathottareṣu yojyaṃ cakṣuḥśrotramanaḥsu || 13-14 ||

na vai vāco na cakṣūṃṣi na śrotrāṇi na manāṃsīty ācakṣate |
prāṇā ity evācakṣate |
prāṇo hy evaitāni sarvāṇi bhavati ||

15. And people do not call them, the tongues, the eyes, the ears, the minds, but the breaths (prana, the senses). For breath are all these.

śruteridaṃ vaco yuktamidaṃ vāgādibhirmukhyaṃ prāṇaṃ pratyabhihitaṃ yasmānna vai loke vāco na cakṣūṃṣi na śrotrāṇi na manāṃsīti vāgādīni karaṇānyācakṣate laukikā āgamajñā vā | kiṃ tarhi?prāṇā ityevā’cakṣate kathayanti yasmātprāṇo hyevaitāni sarvāṇi vāgādīni karaṇajātāni bhavatyato mukhyaṃ prāmaṃ pratyanurūpameva vāgādibhiruktamiti prakaraṇārthamupasañjihīrṣati | nanu kathamidaṃ yuktaṃ cetanāvanta iva puruṣā ahaṃśreṣṭhatāyai vivadanto ’nyonyaṃ spardheranniti | na hi cakṣurādīnāṃ vācaṃ pratyākhyāya pratyekaṃ vadanaṃ sambhavati | tathāpagamo dehātpunaḥ praveśo brahmagamanaṃ prāṇastutirvopapadyate | tatrāgnyādicetanāvaddevatādhiṣṭhitatvādvāgādīnāṃ cetanāvattvaṃ tāvatsiddhamāgamataḥ. tārkikasamayavirodha iti ceddeha ekasminnanekacetanāvattve | na | īśvarasya nimittakāramatvābhyupagamāt | ye tāvadīśvaramabhyupagacchanti tārkikāste mana ādikāryakaramānāmādhyātmikānāṃ bāhyānāṃ ca pṛthivyādīnāmīśvarādhiṣṭhitānāmeva niyamena pravṛttimicchanti rathādivat | na cāsmābhiragnyādyāścetanāvatyo ’pi devatā adhyātmaṃ bhoktryo ’bhyupagamyante, kiṃ tarhi,kāryakaraṇavatīnāṃ hi tāsāṃ prāṇaikadevatābhedānāmadhyātmādhibhūtādhidaivabhedakoṭivikalpānāmadhyakṣatāmātreṇa niyanteśvaro ’bhyupagamyate | sa hyakaraṇaḥ | "hiraṇyagarbhaṃ janayāmāna pūrvam"ityādi ca śvetāśvatarīyāḥ paṭhanti | bhoktā karmaphalasambandhī dehe tadvilakṣaṇo jīva iti vakṣyāmaḥ | vāgādīnāṃ ceha saṃvādaḥ kalpito viduṣo ’nvayavyatirekābhyāṃ prāṇaśreṣṭhatānirdhāraṇārtham | yathā loke puruṣā anyonyamātmanaḥ śreṣṭhatāyai vivadamānāḥ kañcidguṇaviśeṣābhijñaṃ pṛcchanti ko naḥ śreṣṭho guṇairiti | tenoktā ekaikaśyenādaḥ kāryaṃ sādhayitumudyacchata yenādaḥ kāryaṃ sādhyate sa vaḥ śreṣṭha ityuktāstathaivodyacchanta ātmano ’nyasya vā śreṣṭhavāṃ nirdhārayanti | tatemaṃ saṃvyavahāraṃ vāgādiṣu kalpitavatī śrutiḥ | kathaṃ nāma vidvānvāgādīnāmekaikasyābhāve ’pi jīvanaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ na tu prāṇasyeti prāṇaśreṣṭhatāṃ pratipadyateti | tathāca śrutiḥ kauṣītakinām -"jīvati vāgapeto mūkānhi pasyāmo jīvati cakṣurapeto ’ndhānhi paśyāmo jīvati śrotrāpeto badhirānhi paśyāmo jīvati manopeto bālānhi paśyāmo jīvati bāhucchinno jīvatyūrucchinnaḥ"ityādyā || 15 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi pañcamādhyāyasya prathamaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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