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Chāndogyopaniṣat
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionPrapāṭhaka 1
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trayo dharmaskandhāḥ |
yajño ’dhyayanaṃ dānam iti prathamaḥ |
tapa eva dvitīyaḥ |
brahmacāryācāryakulavāsī tṛtīyo ’tyantam ātmānam ācāryakule ’vasādayan |
sarva ete puṇyalokā bhavanti |
brahmasaṃstho ’mṛtatvam eti || 
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1. TWENTY-THIRD KHANDA
There are three branches of the law. Sacrifice, study, and charity are the first,

2. Austerity the second, and to dwell as a Brahmakarin in the house of a tutor, always mortifying the body in the house of a tutor, is the third. All these obtain the worlds of the blessed; but the Brahmasamstha alone (he who is firmly grounded in Brahman) obtains immortality. 
oṅkārasyopāsanavidhyarthaṃ trayo dharmaskandhā ityādyārabhyate | naivaṃ manatavyaṃ sāmāvayavabhūtasyaivodgīthādilakṣaṇasyoṅkārasyopāsanātphalaṃ prāpyata iti | kiṃ tarhi?yatsarvairapi sāmopāsanaiḥ karmabhiścāprāpyaṃ tatphalamamṛtatvaṃ kevalādoṅkāropāsanātprāpyata iti | tatstutyarthaṃ sāmaprakaraṇe tadupanyāsaḥ | trayasrisaṃkhyākā dharmasya skandhā dharmaskandhāḥ dharmavibāgā ityarthaḥ | ke ta ityāha -yajño ’gnihotrādiḥ | adhyayanaṃ saniyamasya ṛgāderabhyāsaḥ | dānaṃ bahirvedi yathāśaktidravyasaṃvibhāgo bhikṣamāṇebhyaḥ | ityeṣa prathamo dharmaskandhaḥ | gṛhasthasamavetatvāttannirvartakena gṛhasthena nirdiśyate prathama eka ityartho dvitīyatṛtīyaśravaṇānnā’dyārthaḥ | tapa eva dvitīyastapa iti kṛcchracāndrāyaṇādi tadvāṃstāpasaḥ parivrāḍvā na brahmasaṃstha āśramadharmamātrasaṃstho;brahmasaṃsthasya tvamṛtatvaśravaṇāt | dvitīyo dharmaskandhaḥ | brahmacāryācāryakule vastuṃ śīlamasyetyācāryakulavāsī | atyantaṃ yāvajjīvamātmānaṃ niyamairācāryakule ’vasādayankṣapayandehaṃ tṛtīyo dharmaskandhaḥ | atyantamityādiviśeṣaṇānnaiṣṭhika iti gamyate | upakurvāṇasya svādhyāyagrahaṇārthatvānna puṇyalokatvaṃ brahmacaryeṇa | sarva ete trayo ’pyāśramiṇo yathoktairdharmaiḥ puṇyalokā bhavanti | puṇyo loko yeṣāṃ ta ime puṇyalokā āśramiṇo bhavanti | avaśiṣṭastvanuktaḥ parivrāḍbrahmasaṃstho brahmaṇi samyaksthitaḥ so ’mṛtatvaṃ puṇyalokavilakṣaṇamamaraṇabhāvamātyantikameti nā’pekṣikaṃ devādyamṛtatvavat | puṇyalokātpṛyagamṛtatvasya vibhāgakaraṇāt | yadi ca pumyalokātiśayamātramamṛtatvamabhaviṣyattataḥ puṇyalokatvādvibhaktaṃ nāvakṣyat | vibhaktepadeśāccā’tyantikamamṛtatvamiti gamyate | atra cā’śramadharmaphalopanyāsaḥ praṇavasevāstutyarthaṃ na tatphalavidhyartham | stutaye ca pravamasevāyā āśramadharmaphalavidhaye ceti hi bhidyeta vākyam | tasmātsmṛtisiddhāśramaphalānuvādena praṇavasevāphalamamṛtatvaṃ bruvanpraṇavasevāṃ stauti | yathā pūrṇavarmaṇaḥ sevā bhaktaparidhānamātraphalā rājavarmaṇastu sevā rājyatulyaphaleti tadvat | praṇavaśca tatsatyaṃ paraṃ brahma tatpratīkatvāt | "etaddhyevākṣaraṃ brahma etaddhyevākṣaraṃ param" ityādyāmnāyātkāṭhake yuktaṃ tatsevāto ’mṛtatvam | caturṇāmadhikṛtatvāviśeṣāt | brahmasaṃsthatve ’pratiṣedhācca | svakarmacchidre ca brahmasaṃsthatāyāṃ sāmardhyopapatteḥ | na ca yavavarāhādiśabdavadbrahmasaṃsthaśabdaḥ parivrājake rūḍhaḥ | brahmaṇi saṃsthitinimittamupādāya pravṛttatvāt | na hi rūḍhiśabdā nimittamupādadate | sarveṣāṃ ca brahmaṇi sthitirupapadyate | yatra yatra nimittamasti brahmaṇi saṃsthitistasya tasya nimittavato vācakaṃ santaṃ brahmasaṃsthaśabdaṃ parivrāḍekaviṣaye saṃkoca kāraṇābhāvānniroddhuma yuktam | na ca pārivrājyāśramadharmamātreṇāmṛtatvam | jñānānarthakyaprasaṅgāt | pārivrājyadharmayuktameva jñānamamṛtatvasādhanamiti cenna | āśramadharmatvāviśeṣāt | dharmo vā jñānaviśiṣṭo ’mṛtatvasādhanamityedapi sarvāśramadharmāṇāmaviśiṣṭam | na ca vacanamasti parivrājakasyaiva brahmasaṃsthasya mokṣo nānyeṣāmiti | jñānānmokṣa iti ca sarvopaniṣadāṃ siddhāntaḥ tasmādya eva brahmasaṃsthaḥ svāśramavihitakarmavatāṃ so ’mṛtatvametīti | kurvidaṃ mā kārṣīriti karmavidhayaḥ pravṛttāḥ | tacca nimittaṃ na śāsrakṛtam | sarvaprāṇiṣu darśanāt | "sadekamevādvitīyaṃ" "ātmaivedaṃ sarvaṃ" "brahmaivedaṃ sarvam" itiśāsrajanyaḥ pratyayo vidyārūpaḥ svābhāvikaṃ kriyākārakaphalabhedapratyayaṃ karmavidhinimittamanupamṛdya na jāyate | bhedābhedapratyayayorvirodhāt | na hi taimirikadvicandrādibhedapratyayamanupamṛdya timirāpagame candrādyekatvapratyaya upajāyate | vidyāvidyāpratyayayorvirodhāt | tatraivaṃ sati yaṃ bhedapratyayamupādāya karmavidhayaḥ pravṛtāḥ sa yasyopamarditaḥ sadekamevādvitīyaṃ tatsatyaṃ vikārabhedo ’nṛtamityetadvākyapramāṇajanitenaikatvapratyayena sa sarvakarmabhyo nivṛtto nimittanivṛtte:,sa ca nivṛttakarmā brahmasaṃstha ucyate, sa ca parivrāḍevānyasyāsambhavāt | anyo hyanivṛttabhedapratyayaḥ so ’nyatpaśyañśṛṇvanmanvāno vijānannidaṃ kṛtvedaṃ prāpnuyāmiti hi manyate | tasyaivaṃ kurvato na brahmasaṃsthatā | vācārambhaṇamātravikārānṛtābhisandhipratyayatvāt | na cāsatyamityupardite bhedapratyaye satyamidamanena kartavyaṃ mayeti pramāṇaprameyabuddhirupapadyate | ākāśa iva talamalabuddhirvivekinaḥ | upamardite ’pi bhedapratyaye karmabhyo na nivartate cetprāgiva bhedapratyayopamardanādekatvapratyayavidhāyakaṃ vākyamapramāṇīkṛtaṃ syāt | abhakṣyabhakṣaṇādipratiṣedhavākyānāṃ prāmāṇyavadyuktamekatvavākyasyāpi prāmāṇyam | sarvopaniṣadāṃ tatparatvāt | karmavidhīnāmaprāmāṇa ayaprasaṅga iti cet | na | anupamarditabhedapratyayavatpuruṣaviṣaye prāmāṇyopapatteḥ svapnādipratyaya iva prākprabodhāt | vivekināmakaraṇātkarmavidhiprāmāṇyoccheda iti cet | na | kāmyavidhyanucchedadarśanāt | na hi kāmātmatā na praśastetyevaṃvijñānavadbhiḥ kāmyāni karmāṇi nānuṣṭhīyanta iti kāmyakarmavidhaya ucchidyante ’nuṣṭhīyanta eva kāmibhiriti | tathā brahmasaṃsthairbrahmavidbhirnānuṣṭhīyante karmāṇīti na tadvidhaya ucchidyante ’brahmavidbhiranuṣṭhīyanta eveti | parivrādakānāṃ bhikṣācaraṇādivadutpannaikatvapratyayānāmapi gṛhasthādīnāmagnihotrādikarmānivṛttiriti cenna | prāmāṇyacintāyāṃ puruṣapravṛtteradṛṣṭāntatvāt | na hi nābhicarediti pratiṣiddhamapyabhicaramaṃ kaścitkurvandṛṣṭa iti śatrau dveṣarahitenāpi vivekinābhicaraṇaṃ kriyate | na ca karmavidhipravṛttinimitte bhedapratyaye bādhite ’gnihotrādau pravartakaṃ nimittamasti, parivrājakasyeva bhikṣācaraṇādau bubhukṣādi pravartakam | ihāpyakaraṇe pratyavāyabhayaṃ pravartakamiti cet | na | bhedapratyayavato ’dhikṛtatvāt | bhedapratyayavānanupamarditabhedabuddhirvidyayā yaḥ sa karmaṇyadhikṛta ityavocāma | yo hyadhikṛtaḥ karmaṇi tasya tadakarame pratyavāyo na nivṛttādhikārasya gṛhasthasyeva brahmacāriṇo viśeṣadharmānanuṣṭhāne | evaṃ tarhi sarvaḥ svāśramastha utpannekatvapratyayaḥ parivrāḍiti cet | na | svasvāmitvabhedabuddhyanivṛtteḥ | karmārthatvāccetarāśramāṇām | "atha karma kurvīya"iti śruteḥ | tasmātsvasvāmitvābhāvādbhikṣureka eva parivrāṭ | na gṛhasthādiḥ | ekatvapratyayavidhijanitena pratyayena vidhinimittabhedapratyayasyopamarditatvādyamaniyamādyanupapattiḥ parivrājakasyeti cet | na | bubhukṣādinaikatvapratyayātprācyāvitasyopapatternivṛttyarthatvāt | na ca pratiṣiddhasevāprāptiḥ | ekatvapratyayotpatteḥ prāgeva pratiṣiddhatvāt | na hi rātrau kūpe kaṇṭake vā patita udite ’pi savitari patati tasminneva | tasmātsiddhaṃ nivṛttakarmā bhikṣuka eva brahmasaṃstha iti | yatpunaruktaṃ sarveṣāṃ jñānavarjitānāṃ puṇyalokateti | satyametat | yaccoktaṃ tapaḥśabdena parivrāḍapyukta iti | etadasat | kasmāt | parivrājakasyaiva brahmasaṃsthatāsambhavāt | sa eva hyavaśeṣita ityavocāma | ekatvavijñānavato ’gnihotrādivattaponivṛtteśca | bhedabuddhimata eva hi tapaḥkartavyatā syāt | etena karmacchidre brahmasaṃsthatāsāmarthyaṃ apratiṣedhaśca pratyuktaḥ | tathā jñānavāneva nivṛttakarmā parivrāḍiti jñānavaiyarthyaṃ pratyuktam | yatpunaruktaṃ yavavarāhādiśabdavatparivrājake na rūḍho brahmasaṃsthaśabda iti tatparihṛtam | tasyaiva brahmasaṃsthatāsambhavānnānyasyeti | yatpunaruktaṃ rūḍhaśabdā nimittaṃ nopādadata iti | tanna | gṛhasthatakṣaparivrājakādiśabdadarśanāt | gṛhasthitipārivrājyatakṣaṇādinimittopādānā api gṛhasthaparivrājakāśramiviśeṣe viśiṣṭajātimati ca takṣeti rūḍhā dṛśyante śabdāḥ | na yatra yatra tāni nimittāni tatra tatra vartante | prasiddhyabhāvāt | tathehāpi brahmasaṃsthaśabdo nivṛttasarvakarmatatsādhanaparivrāḍekaviṣaye ’tyāśramiṇi paramahaṃsākhye vṛtta iha bhavitumarhati | mukhyāmṛtatvaphalaśravaṇāt | ataścedamevaikaṃ vedoktaṃ pārivrājyam | na yajñopavītatridaṇḍakamaṇḍalvādiparigraha iti | "muṇḍo ’parigraho ’saṅga"iti śrutiḥ"atyākṣamibyaḥ paramaṃ pavitram" ityādi ca śvetāśvatarīye | "niḥstutirnirnamaskāra"ityādismṛtibhyaśca | "tasmātkarma na kurvanti yatayaḥ pāradarśinaḥ" | "tasmādaliṅgo dharmajño ’vyaktaliṅga"ityādismṛtibhyaśca | yattu sāṃkhyaiḥ karmatyāgo ’bhyupagamyate | kriyākārakaphalabhedabuddheḥ satyatvābhyupagamāt tanmṛṣā | yacca bauddhaiḥ śūnyatābhyupagamādakartṛtvamabhyupagamyate | tadapyasat | tadabhyupagantuḥ sattvābhyupagamāt | yaccājñairalasatayākartṛtvābhyupagamaḥ so ’pyasan, kārakabuddheranivartatatvātpramāṇena | tasmādvedāntapramāṇajanitaikatvapratyayavata eva karmanivṛttilakṣaṇaṃ pārivrājyaṃ brahmasaṃsthatvaṃ ceti siddham | etena gṛhasthasyaikatvavijñāne sati pārivrājyamarthasiddham | nanvagnyutsādanadoṣabhāksyātparivrajan | "vīrahā vā eṣa devānāṃ yo ’gnimudvāsayate"iti śruteḥ | na | vedenaivotsāditatvāt utsanna eva hi sa ekatvadarśane jāte | apāgādagneragnitvamiti śruteḥ | ato na doṣabhāggṛhasthaḥ parivrajanniti || 1 || 
prajāpatir lokān abhyatapat |
tebhyo ’bhitaptebhyas trayī vidyā saṃprāsravat |
tām abhyatapat |
tasyā abhitaptāyā etāny akṣarāṇi saṃprasrvanta bhūr bhuvaḥ svar iti || 
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3. Pragapati brooded on the worlds. From them, thus brooded on, the threefold knowledge (sacrifice) issued forth. He brooded on it, and from it, thus brooded on, issued the three syllables, Bhuh, Bhuvah, Svah. 
yatsaṃstho ’mṛtatvameti tannirūpaṇārthamāha -prajāpatirvirāṭ kaśyapo vā lokānuddiśya teṣu sārajighṛkṣayābhyata padabhitāpaṃ kṛtavāndhyānaṃ tapaḥ kṛtavānityarthaḥ | tebhyo ’bhitaptebhyaḥ sārabhūtā trayī vidyā samprāsravatprajāpatermanasi pratyabhādityarthaḥ | tāmabhyatapat | pūrvavat | tasyā abhitaptāyā etānyakṣarāṇi samprāsravanta bhūrbhuvaḥ svaritivyāhṛtayaḥ || 2 || 
tāny abhyatapat |
tebhyo ’bhitaptebhya oṃkāraḥ saṃprāsravat |
tad yathā śaṅkunā sarvāṇi parṇāni saṃtṛṇṇāny evam oṃkāreṇa sarvā vāk saṃtṛṇṇā |
oṃkāra evedaṃ sarvam oṃkāra eva idaṃ sarvam || 
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4. He brooded on them, and from them, thus brooded on, issued the Om. As all leaves are attached to a stalk, so is all speech (all words) attached to the Om (Brahman). Om is all this, yea, Om is all this. 
tānyakṣarāṇyabhyatapattebhyo ’bhitaptebhya oṅkāraḥ samprāsravattadbrahma, kīdṛśamityāha-tadyathā śaṅkunā parṇanālena sarvāṇi parṇāni patrāvayavajātāni santṛṇṇāni nividdhāni vyāptānītyarthaḥ | evamoṅkāreṇa brahmaṇā paramātmanaḥ pratīkabhūtena sarvā vākyaśabdajātaṃ santṛṇṇā | "akāro vai sarvā vāk"ityādiśruteḥ | paramātmavikāraśca nāmadheyamātramityata oṅkāra evedaṃ sarvamiti | dvirabhyāsa ādarārthaḥ | lokādiniṣpādanakathanamoṅkārastutyarthamiti || 3 ||

iti chāndogyopaniṣadi dvitīyādhyāyasya trayoviṃśaḥ khaṇḍaḥ 
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