Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

śvetaketur hāruṇeya āsa |
taṃ ha pitovāca śvetaketo vasa brahmacaryam |
na vai somyāsmat kulīno ’nanūcya brahmabandhur iva bhavatīti ||

1. FIRST KHANDA
Harih, Om. There lived once Svetaketu Aruneya (the grandson of Aruna). To him his father (Uddilaka, the son of Aruna) said: 'Svetaketu, go to school; for there is none belonging to our race, darling, who, not having studied (the Veda), is, as it were, a Brahmana by birth only.'

atha ṣaṣṭhodhyāyaḥ śvetaketurhā’ruṇeya āsetyādyadhyāyasambandhaḥ | sarvaṃ khalvidaṃ brahma tajjalānityuktaṃ kathaṃ tasmājjagadidaṃ jāyate tasminneva ca līyate ’niti ca tenaivetyetadvaktavyam | anantaraṃ caikasminbhukte viduṣi sarvaṃ jagattṛptaṃ bhavatītyuktaṃ tadekatve satyātmanaḥ sarvabhūtasthasyopapadyate nā’tmabhede | kathaṃ ca tadekatvamiti tadartho ’yaṃ ṣaṣṭho ’dhyāya ārabhyate | pitāputrākhyāyikā vidyāyāḥ sāriṣṭhatvapradarśanārthā | śvetaketuriti nāmato hetyaitihyārthaḥ āruṇeyo ’ruṇasya pautra āsa babhūva | taṃ putraṃ hā’ruṇiḥ pitā yogyaṃ vidyābhājanaṃ manvānastasyopanayanakālātyayaṃ ca paśyannuvāca he śvetaketo ’nurūpaṃ guruṃ kulasya no gatvā vasa brahmacaryam | na caitadyuktaṃ yadasmatkulīno he somyānanūcyānadhītya brahmabandhuriva bhavatīti brāhmaṇānbandhūnvyapadiśati na svayaṃ brāhmaṇavṛtta iti || 1 ||

sa ha dvādaśavarṣa upetya caturviṃśativarṣaḥ sarvān vedān adhītya mahāmanā anūcānamānī stabdha eyāya |
taṃ ha pitovāca ||

2. Having begun his apprenticeship (with a teacher) when he was twelve years of age, Svetaketu returned to his father, when he was twenty-four, having then studied all the Vedas, -- conceited, considering himself well-read, and stern.

tasyātaḥ pravāso ’numīyate pituḥ | yena svayaṃ guṇavānsanputraṃ nopaneṣyati | sa pitroktaḥ śvetaketurha dvādaśavarṣaḥ sannupetyā’cāryaṃ yāvaccatuviṃśativarṣo babhūva tāvatsarvānvedāṃścaturo ’pyadhītya tadarthaṃ ca buddhvā mahāmanā mahadgambhīraṃ mano yasyāsamamātmānamanyairmanyamānaṃ mano yasya so ’yaṃ mahāmanāḥ anūcānamānyanūcānamātmānaṃ manyata ityevaṃśīlo yaḥ so ’nūcānamānī stabdho ’praṇatasvabhāva eyāya gṛham | tamevaṃbhūtaṃ hā’tmano ’nanurūpaśīlaṃ stabdhaṃ māninaṃ putraṃ dṛṣṭvā pitovāca saddharmāvatāracikīrṣayā | śvetaketo yannivadaṃ mahāmanā anūcānamānī stabdhaścāsi kaste ’tiśayaḥ prāpta upādhyāyāt?utāpi tamādeśamādiśyata ityādeśaḥ kevalaśāsrācāryopadeśagamyamityetadyena vā paraṃ brahmā’diśyate sa ādeśastamaprākṣyaḥ pṛṣṭavānasyācāryam || 2 ||

śvetaketo yan nu somyedaṃ mahāmanā anūcānamānī stabdho ’si |
uta tam ādeśam aprākṣyaḥ yenāśrutaṃ śrutaṃ bhavaty amataṃ matam avijñātaṃ vijñātam iti |
kathaṃ nu bhagavaḥ sa ādeśo bhavatīti ||

3. His father said to him: 'Svetaketu, as you are so conceited, considering yourself so well-read, and so stern, my dear, have you ever asked for that instruction by which we hear what cannot be heard, by which we perceive what cannot be perceived, by which we know what cannot be known?'

tamādeśaṃ viśinaṣṭi-yenā’deśena śrutenāśrutamapyanyacchataṃ bhavatyamataṃ matamatarkitaṃ tarkitaṃ bhavatyavijñānaṃ vijñātamaniścitaṃ niścitaṃ bhavatīti | sarvānapi vedānadhātya sarvaṃ cānyadvedyamadhigamyāpyakṛtārtha eva bhavati yāvadātmatattvaṃ na jānātītyākhyāyikāto ’vagamyate | tadetadadbhutaṃ śrutvā’ha-kathaṃ nvetadaprasiddhamanyavijñānenānyadvijñātaṃ bhavatītyevaṃ manvānaḥ pṛcchati kathaṃ nu kena prakāreṇa he bhagavaḥ sa ādeśo bhavatīti || 3 ||

yathā somyaikena mṛtpiṇḍena sarvaṃ mṛnmayaṃ vijñātaṃ syāt |
vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ mṛttikety eva satyam ||

4. 'What is that instruction, Sir?' he asked. The father replied: 'My dear, as by one clod of clay all that is made of clay is known, the difference being only a name, arising from speech, but the truth being that all is clay;

yathā sa ādeśo bhavati tacchṛṇu he somya | yathā loka ekena mṛtpiṇḍena ghaṭaśarāvādikāraṇabhūtena vijñātena sarvamanyadvikārajātaṃ mṛnmayaṃ mṛdvikārajātaṃ vijñātaṃ syāt | kathaṃ mṛtpiṇḍe kāraṇe vijñāte kāryamanyadvijñātaṃ syāt | naiṣa doṣaḥ | kāraṇenānanyatvātkāryasya | yanmanyase ’nyasminvijñāte ’nyanna jñāyata iti | satyamevaṃ syāt | yadyanyatkāraṇātkāryaṃ syānna tvevamanyatkāraṇātkāryam | kathaṃ tarhidaṃ loka idaṃ kāraṇamayasya vikāra iti | śṛṇu | vācā’rambhaṇaṃ vāgārambhaṇaṃ vāgālambanamityetat | ko ’sau vikāro nāmadheyaṃ nāmaiva nāmadheyaṃ svārthe dheyapratyayaḥ | vāgālambanamātraṃ nāmaiva kevalaṃ na vikāro nāma vastvasti paramārthato mṛttiketyeva tu mṛttiketyeva tu mṛttikaiva satyaṃ vastvasti || 4 ||

yathā somyaikena lohamaṇinā sarvaṃ lohamayaṃ vijñātaṃ syāt |
vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ loham ity eva satyam ||

5. 'And as, my dear, by one nugget of gold all that is made of gold is known, the difference being only a name, arising from speech, but the truth being that all is gold?

yathā saumyaikena lohamaṇinā suvarṇapiṇḍena sarvamanyadvikārajātaṃ kaṭakamukuṭakeyūrādi vijñātaṃ syāt | vācā’rambhaṇamityādi samānam || 5 ||

yathā somyaikena nakhanikṛntanena sarvaṃ kārṣṇāyasaṃ vijñātaṃ syāt |
vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ kṛṣṇāyasam ity eva satyam |
evaṃ somya sa ādeśo bhavatīti ||

6. 'And as, my dear, by one pair of nail-scissors all that is made of iron (karshnayasam) is known, the difference being only a name, arising from speech, but the truth being that all is iron,-thus, my dear, is that instruction.'

na vai nūnaṃ bhagavantas ta etad avediṣuḥ |
yad dhy etad avediṣyan kathaṃ me nāvakṣyan |
iti bhagavāṃs tv eva me bravītv iti |
tathā somyeti hovāca ||

7. The son said: 'Surely those venerable men (my teachers) did not know that. For if they had known it, why should they not have told it me? Do you, Sir, therefore tell me that.' 'Be it so,' said the father.

yathā saumyaikena nakhanikṛntanenopalakṣitena kṛṣṇāyasapiṇḍenetyarthaḥ | sarvaṃ kārṣṇāyasaṃ kṛṣṇāyasavikārajātaṃ vijñātaṃ syāt | samānamanyat | anekadṛṣṭāntopādānaṃ dārṣṭāntikārekabhedānugamārthaṃ dṛḍhapratītyarthaṃ ca | evaṃ somya sa ādeśo yo mayokto bhavatītyuktavati pitaryāhetaro na vai nūnaṃ bhagavantaḥ pūjāvanto guravo mama ye ta etadyadbhavaduktaṃ vastu nāvediṣurna vijñātavanto nūnam | yadyadi hyavediṣyan viditavanta etadvastu kathaṃ me guṇavate bhaktāyānugatāya nāvakṣyannoktavantastenāhaṃ manye na viditavanta iti | avācyamapi gurornyagbhāvamavādītpunargurukulaṃ prati preṣaṇabhayāt | ato bhagavāṃstveva me mahyaṃ tadvastu yena sarvajñatvaṃ jñātena me syāttadbravītu kathayatvityuktaḥ pitovāca tathāstu saumyeti || 6-7 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi ṣaṣṭhādhyāyasya prathamaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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