Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Chāndogyopaniṣat

Complete text

śvetaketur hāruṇeyaḥ pañcālānāṃ samitim eyāya |
taṃ ha pravāhaṇo jaivalir uvāca |
kumārānu tvā aśiṣat piteti |
anu hi bhagava iti ||

1. THIRD KHANDA
Svetaketu Aruneya went to an assembly of the Pankalas. Pravahana Gaivali said to him: 'Boy, has your father instructed you?' Yes, Sir,' he replied.

brahmādistambaparyantāḥ saṃsāragatayo vaktavyā vairāgyahetormumukṣūṇāmityata ākhyāyikā’rabhyate-śvetaketunamito ha, ityaitihyārthaḥ | aruṇasyāpatyāruṇistasyāpatyamāruṇeyaḥ pañcālānāṃ samitiṃ sabhāmeyāyā’jagāma | tamāgatavantaṃ ha pravāhaṇo nāmato jīvalasyāpatyaṃ jaivaliruvācoktavān | he kumārānu tvā tvāmaśiṣadanvasiṣatpitā | kimanuśiṣṭastvaṃ pitretyarthaḥ | ityuktaḥ sa āhānu hyanuśiṣṭo ’smi bhagava iti sūcayannāha || 1 ||

vettha yad ito ’dhi prajāḥ prayantīti |
na bhagava iti |
vettha yathā punar āvartanta 3 iti |
na bhagava iti |
vettha pathor devayānasya pitṛyāṇasya ca vyāvartanā 3 iti |
na bhagava iti ||

2. 'Do you know to what place men go from here?' 'No Sir' he replied.
'Do you know how they return again? No Sir,' he replied.
'Do you know where the path of Devas and the path of the fathers diverge? No, Sir,' he replied.

taṃ hovāca yadyanuśiṣṭo ’si vettha yadito ’smāllokādadhyūrdhvaṃ yatprajāḥ prayanti yadgacchanti tatkiṃ jānīṣa ityarthaḥ | na bhagava ityāhetaro na jāne ’haṃ tadyatpṛcchasi | evaṃ tarhi vettha jānīṣe yathā yena prakāreṇa punarāvartanta iti | na bhagava iti pratyāha | vettha pathormārgayoḥ sahaprayāṇayordevayānasya pitṛyāṇasya ca vyāvartanamitaretaraviyogasthānaṃ saha gacchatāmityarthaḥ | na bhagava iti || 2 ||

vettha yathāsau loko na saṃpūryata 3 iti |
na bhagava iti |
vettha yathā pañcamyām āhutāv āpaḥ puruṣavacaso bhavantīti |
naiva bhagava iti ||

3. 'Do you know why that world' never becomes full?' 'No, Sir,' he replied.
'Do you know why in the fifth libation water is called Man?' 'No, Sir,' he replied.

vetthā yathāsau lokaḥ pitṛsambandhī yaṃ prāpya punarāvartante bahubhiḥ prayadbhirapi yena kāramena na sampūryata iti | na bhagava iti pratyāha | vettha yathā yena krameṇa pañcamyāṃ pañcasaṃkhyākāyāmāhutau hutāyāmāhutinirvṛttā āhutisādhanāścā’paḥ puruṣavacasaḥ puruṣa ityevaṃ vaco ’bhidhānaṃ yāsāṃ hūyamānānāṃ krameṇa ṣaṣṭhāhutibhūtānāṃ tāḥ puruṣavacasaḥ puruṣaśabdavācyā bhavanti puruṣākhyāṃ labhanta ityarthaḥ | ityukto naiva bhagava ityāha | naivāhamatra kiñcana jānāmītyarthaḥ || 3 ||

athānu kim anu śiṣṭho ’vocathā yo hīmāni na vidyāt |
kathaṃ so ’nuśiṣṭo bruvīteti |
sa hāyastaḥ pitur ardham eyāya |
taṃ hovācānanuśiṣya vāva kila mā bhagavān abravīd anu tvāśiṣam iti ||

4. 'Then why did you say (you had been) instructed? How could anybody who did not know these things say that he had been instructed?' Then the boy went back sorrowful to the place of his father, and said: 'Though you had not instructed me, Sir, you said you had instructed me.

athaivamajñaḥ sankimanu kasmāttvamanuśiṣṭo ’smītyavocathā uktavānasi | yo hīmāni mayā pṛṣṭānyarthajātāni na vidyānna vijānītyātkathaṃ sa vidvatsvanuśiṣṭo ’smīti bruvīta | ityevaṃ sa śvetaketuḥ rājñā’yasta āyāsitaḥ sanpiturardhaṃ sthānameyāyā’gatavāṃstaṃ ca pituramuvācānanuśiṣyānuśāsanamakṛtvaiva mā māṃ kila bhagavānsamāvartanakāle ’bravīduktavānanu tvāśiṣamanvaśiṣaṃ tvāmiti || 4 ||

pañca mā rājanyabandhuḥ praśnān aprākṣīt |
teṣāṃ naikaṃcanāśakaṃ vivaktum iti |
sa hovāca yathā mā tvaṃ tadaitān avado yathāham eṣāṃ naikaṃcana veda |
yady aham imān avediṣyaṃ kathaṃ te nāvakṣyam iti ||

5. 'That fellow of a Raganya asked me five questions, and I could not answer one of them.' The father said: 'As you have told me these questions of his, I do not know any one of them. If I knew these questions, how should I not have told you?.

sa ha gautamo rājño ’rdham eyāya |
tasmai ha prāptāyārhāṃ cakāra |
sa ha prātaḥ sabhāga udeyāya |
taṃ hovāca |
mānuṣasya bhagavan gautama vittasya varaṃ vṛṇīthā iti |
sa hovāca |
tavaiva rājan mānuṣaṃ vittam |
yām eva kumārasyānte vācam abhāṣathās tām eva me brūhīti |
sa ha kṛcchrī babhūva ||

6. Then Gautama went to the king's place, and when he had come to him, the king offered him proper respect. In the morning the king went out on his way to the assembly. The king said to him:
'Sir, Gautama, ask a boon of such things as men possess.' He replied: 'Such things as men possess may remain with you. Tell me the speech which you addressed to the boy.'

yataḥ pañca pañcasaṃkhyākānpraśnānrājanyabandhū rājānyā bandhavo ’syeti rājanyabandhuḥ svayaṃ durvṛtta ityarthaḥ | aprākṣītpṛṣṭavāṃsteṣāṃ praśnānāṃ naikañcanaikamapi nāśakaṃ na śaktavānahaṃ vivaktuṃ viśeṣeṇārthato nirṇetumityarthaḥ | sa hovāca pitā yathā mā māṃ vatsa tvaṃ tadā’gatamātra evaitānpraśnānavada uktavānasi teṣāṃ naikañcanāśakaṃ vivaktumiti tathā māṃ jānīhi, tvadīyājñānena liṅgena mama tadviṣayamajñānaṃ jānīhītyarthaḥ | kathaṃ, yathāhameṣāṃ praśnānāmekañcanaikamapi na veda na jāna iti yathā tvamevāṅgaitānpraśnānna jānīṣe tathāhamapyetānna jāna ityarthaḥ | ato mayyanyathābhāvo na kartavyaḥ | kuta etadevaṃ yato na jāne yadyahamimānpraśnānavediṣyaṃ viditavānasmi kathaṃ te tubhyaṃ priyāya putrāya samāvartanakāle purā nāvakṣyaṃ noktavānasmītyuktvā sa ha gotrato rājño jaivalerardhaṃ sthānameyāya gatavān | tasmai ha gautamāya prāptāyārhāmarhūṇāṃ cakāra kṛtavān | sa ca gautamaḥ kṛtātithya uṣitvā paredyuḥ prātaḥkāle sabhāge sabhāṃ gate rājñyudeyāya | bhajanaṃ bhāgaḥ pūjā sevā saha bhāgena vartamāno vā sabhāgaḥ pūjyamāno ’nyaiḥ svayaṃ gautama udeyāya rājānamudgatavān | taṃ hovāca gautamaṃ rājā mānuṣasya bhagavangautama manuṣyasambandhino vittasya grāmādervaraṃ varaṇīyaṃ kāmaṃ vṛṇīthāḥ prārthayethāḥ | sa hovāca gautamastavaiva tiṣṭhatu rājanmānuṣaṃ vittam | yāmeva kumārasya mama putrasyānte samīpe vācaṃ pañcapraśnalakṣaṇāmabhāṣathā uktavānasi tāmeva vācaṃ me mahyaṃ brūhi kathayetyukto gautamena rājā sa ha kṛcchrī duḥkhī babhūva | kathaṃ tvidamiti || 5-6 ||

taṃ ha ciraṃ vasety ājñāpayāṃ cakāra |
taṃ hovāca |
yathā mā tvaṃ gautamāvadaḥ |
yatheyaṃ na prāk tvattaḥ purā vidyā brāhmaṇān gacchati |
tasmād u sarveṣu lokeṣu kṣatrasyaiva praśāsanam abhūd iti |
tasmai hovāca ||

7. The king was perplexed, and commanded him, saying: 'Stay with me some time.' Then he said: 'As (to what) you have said to me, Gautama, this knowledge did not go to any Brahmana before you, and therefore this teaching belonged in all the worlds to the Kshatra class alone. Then he began:

sa ha kṛcchrībhūto ’pratyākhyeyaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ manvāno nyāyena vidyā vaktavyeti matvā taṃ ha gautamaṃ ciraṃ dīrghakālaṃ vasetyevamājñāpayāñcakārā’jñaptavān | yatpūrvaṃ pratyākhyātavānrājā vidyāṃ yacca paścācciraṃ vasetyājñaptavān, tannimittaṃ brāhmamaṃ kṣamāpayati hetuvacanoktyā-taṃ hovāca rājā sarvavidyo brahmaṇo ’pi sanyathā yena prakāreṇa mā māṃ he gautamāvadastvaṃ tāmeva vidyālakṣaṇāṃ vācaṃ me brūhītyajñānāttena tvaṃ jānīhi | tatrāsti vaktavyaṃ yathā yena prakāreṇeyaṃ vidyā prāktvatto brāhmaṇānna gacchati na gatavatī, na ca brāhmaṇā anayā vidyayānuśāsitavantaḥ, tathaitatprasiddhaṃ loke yatastasmādu purā pūrvaṃ sarveṣu lokeṣu kṣattrasyaiva kṣattrajāterevānayā vidyayā praśāsanaṃ praśāstṛtvaṃ śiṣyāmāmabhūdbabhūva | kṣattriyaparamparayaiveyaṃ vidyatāvantaṃ kālamāgatā | tathāpyahametāṃ tubhyaṃ vakṣyāmi cvatsampradānādūrdhvaṃ brāhmaṇāngamiṣyati | ato mayā yaduktaṃ tatkṣantumarhasītyuktvā tasmai hovāca vidyāṃ rājā || 7 || iti cchāndogyopaniṣadi pañcamādhyāyasya tṛtīyaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

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