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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔab أَب , st.constr. ʔabū, pl. ʔābāʔ 
ID 005 • Sw –/43 • BP 76 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔB(W) 
n. 
father – WehrCowan1979. 
From Sem *ʔab‑ (perhaps from AfrAs *ʔab‑) ‘father’. 
▪ … 
▪ Bergsträsser1928: Akk abu, Hbr ʔāḇ, Aram ʔaḇā, Gz ‎‎ʔab ‘father’
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2: Akk abu, Ug ʔab, Phn ʔb, Pun ʔb, Hbr ‎‎ʔāb, Aram ʔab, (Syr) ʔabbā, SAr ʔb, Gz ʔab, Ar ʔab(ū). Outside Sem: Berb *ʔab(b)‑ , CCh *ʔab‑ , Eg 3b.t ʻfamilyʼ (OK), ‎ʻparentsʼ (n) (which »may well be a derivative of an initial word for ʻfatherʼ"). 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2: The word and its Sem cognates go back to Sem *ʔab‑ ‎ʻfatherʼ. The Berb, CCh and Eg cognates suggest that the common ancestor of all is an AfrAs *ʔab‑ ʻfatherʼ. 
▪ (Huehnergard2011:) In Western langs, several words and many personal names go back to Ar ʔab or its Hbr or Aram cognates.
▪ Directly from Ar ʔabū (bound form of ʔab ‘father’, also in the sense of ‘source’) are: baobab, from NAfrAr bū ḥibāb ‘tree (lit., father) of many seeds’; borage, prob. from Ar bū ʕaraq, short for ʔabū ʕaraq ‘father of sweat’; bwana, ultimately from Ar ʔabūnā ‘our father’; pataca, from Ar ʔabū ṭāqaẗ, lit. ‘father of the window’, a type of coin.
▪ From Aram ʔabbā ‘the father, my father’ (def. of ʔab) are Engl abba, abbacy, abbatial, abbé, abbess, abbey, and abbot.
▪ All Engl personal names that contain a ‘father’ element are from the Bible and thus of Hbr origin:
  • With no suffixes, Hbr ʔāb (or reduced or dialectal forms) is in Abraham (Hbr ʔabrāhām ‘the [divine] father is exalted’), Job (Hbr ʔiyyôb, perh. from an early NWSem dialectal name meaning ‘Where is the father?’, from dialectal ʔôb, akin to Hbr ʔāb),1 Joab (Hbr yôʔāb ‘Yahweh is father’; for Yahweh cf. ↗√HWY), and Ahab (Hbr ʔaḥʔāb ‘father’s brother’; for Hbr ʔaḥ cf. Ar ↗ʔaḫ(ū) ‘brother’.
  • With the 1sg.poss.suff. ‑ī, ʔăbî, the Hbr ʔāb is contained (in reduced/shortened forms) in Abigail (Hbr ʔăbîgayil ‘my father is joy’; ?cf. Ar ↗ǧīl) and Absalom (Hbr ʔabšālōm, short for ʔăbîšālōm ‘my father peace’; for Hbr šālōm cf. Ar ↗salām ‘peace’).
 
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ʔBY أبي 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7Mar2023
√ʔBY 
“root” 
▪ ʔBY_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔBY_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔBY_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘aversion, disdain; to refuse, turn down, reject’ 
▪ … 
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ʔTW/Y أتو / أتي 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔTW/Y 
“root” 
▪ ʔTW_1 ‘tax, due, toll, tribute’ ↗ʔitāwaẗ
▪ ʔTY_1 ‘to come’ ↗ʔatà

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to come, to arrive, to bring, to bring forward; to commit; to direct; to afflict; to bestow; to become possible, to become suitable; to yield, to fruit’ 
▪ … 
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In addtion to the items given under ↗ʔitāwaẗ ‘tax, due toll, tribute’ and ʔatà ‘to come’, DRS 1 (1994)#ʔTW/Y mentions 3 other values attached to the root, two without a reflex in Ar :
▪ (#ʔTW/Y-2) Akk atū ‘portier’; and
▪ (#ʔTW/Y-5) Akk ettūt, ettīt, uttūt ‘araigné’), and
▪ (#ʔTW/Y-4) one with a reflex in Ar that has become obsolete in MSA: Ar †ʔatw ‘personnage importante; maladie grave’. 
▪ …
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