Bibliotheca Polyglotta

The common view is that the word is one of only 17 words in the Q which, ultimately, are of Greek origin: Grk eikṓn > Aram yūqənā > Ar yaqīn. DRS 2012, however, treats Ar yaqina (vb. I) as different from items derived from Grk eikṓn, such as ↗ʔayqūnaẗ / ʔīqūnaẗ ‘icon’ (Chr.).

▪ eC7 Q 4:157, 15:99, 27:22, 56:95, 69:51, 74:47, 102:5,7 ‘certain’

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#YQN: Ar yaqina, ʔayqana, Sab *hyqn ‘apprendre, savoir avec certitude’.
▪ Cf. also ↗YQN.

▪ Jeffery1938, 292: »The simple verb yaqina does not occur in the Qurʔān, but we find ʔayqana ii, 3; v, 55, etc.; ĭstayqana xxvii, 14; lxxiv, 31, and the participles mūqin and mustayqin, besides yaqīn. – At first sight it seems clearly to be a borrowing, for there is no Semitic √YQN, and yet we find both yaqīn and the verbal forms therefrom used in the oldest poetry, so it must have come into the language at an early date. The prevalent theory is that it is derived from Grk eikṓn through the Aramaic.¹ Grk eikṓn means ‘image’, ‘likeness’, ‘similitude’, and from eikóna were borrowed the Aram yəqūnā ² ; Syr yūqunā meaning ‘image’, ‘picture’. From yūqunā was formed a verb yāqen ‘to depict’, ‘describe’, whence hayqonnā and hayqonniyā mean ‘characteristic’. From some dialectal form of yūqənā the word must have passed into Ar.«
▪ EALL (Gutas, “Greek Loanwords”): a loan (from ???) that goes back to Greek εἰκών eikṓn ‘icon’.

1. Fraenkel, Fremdw, 273; Vollers, ZDMQ, 1, 617; li, 305, who depend, however, on a suggestion of Nöldeke. 2. Beside the much more common ʔYQWNYN from [Grk] eikónion.

–

► yaqīnan, adv., certainly, surely, positively.
► ḥaqq al-yaqīn, n., absolute certainty.
► al-ḫabar al-yaqīn, n., certain knowledge of the truth, absolute certainty.

► yaqina, a (yaqn, yaqan), vb. I, to be sure, certain; to know for certain, be sure, be certain, be convinced (bi‑ of): denom.
► ʔayqana, vb. IV; tayaqqana, vb. V; ĭstayqana, vb. X, to ascertain, make sure; to know for certain, be sure, be certain, be convinced (bi‑ of): denom.

► yaqn, yaqan, n., certainty, certitude:.
► yaqan, yaqun, yaqin and yaqanaẗ, adj., credulous, ingenuous, unsuspecting:.
► yaqīnī, adj., definitely laid down, positive, absolute, indisputable: nsb-adj; yaqīniyyāt, n.f.pl., established truths, axioms: pl. of abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ.
► mīqān, adj., credulous:.
► mūqin, adj., convinced (bi‑ of); certain, sure (bi‑ of): PA IV, denom.
► mutayaqqin, adj., convinced, positive, sure, certain: PA V, denom.

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