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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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dawlaẗ دَوْلَة 
ID 294 • Sw – • BP 51 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√DWL 
n.f. 
1 alternation, rotation, change; 2 change of time, torn of fortune; 3 dynasty; 4 state, country; 5 power, empire – WehrCowan1979. 
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► ṣāḥib al-dawlaẗ, n., title of the Prime Minister
► dawlaẗ raʔīs al-ḥukūmaẗ, n.f., His Excellency, the Prime Minister
► faḫāmaẗ al-dawlaẗ, n.f., title of the President of the Republic (Syr., Leb.)
► al-dawlaẗ al-ʕaliyyaẗ, n.f., name of the ancient Ottoman Empire
► al-duwal al-kubrà \ al-ʕuẓmà, n. pl., the big powers
► dawlaẗ muntadabaẗ, n.f., mandatory power

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DWM دوم 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17Mar2023
√DWM 
3730“root” 
▪ DWM_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ DWM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ DWM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to be constant, persist, continue, remain, last, persevere, be diligent; to circle, hover, the eddy of a whirlpool, cyclone’ 
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DWN دون 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17Mar2023
√DWN 
“root” 
▪ DWN_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ DWN_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ DWN_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): no verbal root, although some philologists derive it from ↗DWN ‘to weaken’ or ‘to be base’. The sense of ‘to write down’ is a borrowing from Pers in the early Islamic period 
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DYN دين 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√DYN 
“root” 
▪ DYN_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ DYN_2 ‘religion, creed, faith’ ↗dīn

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘judge, ruler, controller; debtor, creditor, to lend, borrow; punishment, reward; to obey; custom, habit; to worship, religion, creed, conviction; slave, to be enslaved, be owned; to compel; to submit, to own up, to sin’ 
▪ From protSem *√DYN ‘to judge’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ For Engl n.prop. Daniel and Midian cf. ↗dīn. 
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