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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic

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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ʔasad أَسَد 
ID 021 • Sw – • BP 3148 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔSD 
n. 
1 lion; 2 Leo (astron.) – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Huehnergard2011 reconstructs CSem *ʔaš(a)d‑ ‘lion’. Cf., however, Kogan2011 who thinks the item is of obscure etymology.
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ʔSR أسر 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔSR 
“root” 
▪ ʔSR_1 ‘strap, thong; to bind, tie; to take captive’ ↗ʔasara
▪ ʔSR_2 ‘entire body; family’ ↗ʔasr (3), ↗ʔusraẗ, ↗ʔasara

Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘shield, shackles, bondage, to shackle, to capture; captive; family, limbs, physique, body structure’ 
▪ [v2] ‘entirety, wholeness; family’ is dependent on [v1] as ‘what is bound/tied/held together’.
▪ Although in a way suggesting itself, research literature does not assume the vb. to be denominative from a n. meaning ‘strap, thong’.
▪ OrelStolb1994 reconstruct Sem *ʔ˅sir‑ ‘to bind, join; to hobble’ and, on account of some extra-Sem vb.s that may be cognate, see even an AfrAs dimension, reconstructed as AfrAs *ʔacir‑ ‘to bind, tie’.
▪ The other values listed in DRS are not relevant to MSA. 
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DRS 1 (1994)#ʔSR–1 ‘lier, enchaîner’: Akk esêru ‘enfermer’; asirt‑ ‘prisonnier’; Ug ʔasr, Hbr *ʔāsar ‘lier, capturer’, ʔēsūr ‘entraves, liens’; oEmpAram Palm ʔsr, JP ʔᵃsar, Syr ʔesar, Mand asar ‘lier capturer’; BiblAram ʔᵉsūr, JP ʔᵃsūrā, Mand wswrʔ, nSyr yisūra ‘lien, emprisonnement’; Ar ʔasara ‘lier, emmener captif’, Tham ʔsr, SAr ʔsr, Gz ʔasara, ʔašara, Te ʔasärä, Amh ʔassärä ‘lier’. –2 Palm ʔsr : monnaie. –3 Akk assar‑ : conducteur de véhicule(?). 
▪ From the values listed in DRS, only ʔSR-1 is relevant to Ar/MSA. For ʔSR-1, Eg aṯira, for ʔSR-2 Grk assarion
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