Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ According to Gutas (EALL, »Greek Loanwords«), the word is one of the few cases where Grk acted as intermediary for the transmission of a Lat loanword.
▪EI² (C. Rabin, »ʕArabiyya«) ṣirāṭ might belong to a group of »some military terms« that »may have come directly from Latin.«

▪ eC7 Occurs some forty-five times in the Q, e.g. 1:6,7, 2:142,213, etc. ‘a way’
▪ eC7 1 (road, highway, pathway) Q 7:86 wa‑lā taqʕudū bi‑kulli ṣirāṭin tūʕidūna ‘and do not sit in every pathway, threatening [wayfarers]’; *Q 1:6 (ĭ)hdi‑nā ’l‑ṣirāṭa ’l‑mustaqīma ‘guide us to the straight path [also interpreted as: the true religion, the way of the righteous, the religion of Islam]’; 2 (an undertaking, promise) Q 15:41 qāla hāḏā ṣirāṭun ʕalayya mustaqīmun ‘He said: This is a promise from Me [that will be kept]’; 3 (with def.art.: the Path, the bridge spanning Hell which all humankind would have to cross on the Day of Judgement – in 1 interpretation of) Q 33:66 wa‑law našāʔu la‑ṭamasnā ʕalā ʔaʕyunihim fa‑’stabaqū ’l‑ṣirāṭa fa‑ʔannā yubṣirūna ‘had We willed, We would obliterate their eyes, then they would race to get to the Path, but how could they see [it]?’
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▪ EI² (C. Rabin, »ʕArabiyya«): ṣirāṭ might belong to a group of »some military terms« that »may have come directly from Latin.«
▪ Gutas (EALL, »Greek Loanwords«) specifies: < Aram ĭsṭrātiyā < Grk στράτα < Lat strata.
▪ Jeffery1938, 195-96: »The word is used only in a religious sense, usually with the adj. mustaqīm, and though frequently used by Muḥammad to indicate his own preaching, it is also used of the teaching of Moses (37:118) and Jesus (3:51), and sometimes means the religious way of life in general (cf. 7:16). / The early Muslim authorities knew not what to make of the word. They were not sure whether it was to be spelled ṣirāṭ, sirāṭ, or zirāṭ¹ and they were equally uncertain as to its gender, al-Akhfash propounding a theory that in the dialect of Hijaz it was fem. and in the dialect of Tamīm masc. Many of the early philologers recognized it as a foreign word, as we learn from as-Suyūṭī, Itq, 322, Muzhir, i, 130, Mutaw 50. They said it was Grk, and are right in so far as it was from the Hellenized form of the Lat strata that the word passed into Aram and thence into Ar. / The word was doubtless first introduced by the Roman administration into Syria and the surrounding territory, so that [Lat] strata became [Grk] stráta (cf. Procopius, ii, 1), and thence Aram ʔsṭrṭyʔ, ʔsṭrṭyʔ, ʔysrṭyʔ, srṭyʔ,² Syr ĭstrāṭā.³ From Aram it was an early borrowing into Ar, being found in the early poetry.⁴
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1. Vide Bagh. on i, 6, and Jawharī, sub voc. 2. Cf. Krauss, Griechische und lateinische Lehnwörter im Talmud, ii, 82, 413. A parallel formation is [Aram] srdywṭ (= sṭrṭywṭ ) = [Grk] stratiṓtēs. 3. Of particular interest is the fact that in an eschatological sense it passed from Aram into Phl as srāt. Cf. Bailey in JRAS, 1934: 505. 4. 3 Fraenkel, Vocab, 25; von Kremer, Ideen, 226, n.; Dvořák, Fremdw, 26, 31, 76; Vollers, ZDMG, 1, 614; Ii, 314.

▪ Cf. Engl street, oEngl stret (Mercian, Kentish), stræt (West Saxon) ‘street, high road’, from lLat strata, used elliptically for via strata ‘paved road’, from fem. PP of Lat sternere ‘to lay down, spread out, pave’, from protIE *stre-to‑ ‘to stretch, extend’, from root *stere‑ ‘to spread, extend, stretch out’, from nasalized form of protIE root *stere‑ ‘to spread’. / One of the few words in use in England continuously from Roman times. An early and widespread Germ borrowing (oFris strete, oSax strata, mDu strate, Du straat, oHGe straza, Ge Straße, Sw stråt, Da sträde ‘street’). The Lat is also the source of Span estrada, oFr estrée, It strada – EtymOnline.

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ṢRʕ صرع

√ṢRʕ

“root”

▪ ṢRʕ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢRʕ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ṢRʕ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to knock down, to wrestle; epilepsy’

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ṢRF صرف

√ṢRF

“root”

▪ ṢRF_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ṢRF_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to divert the direction, to avert, to repel; to cause to turn, or to shift, from one state to another, to dissuade; to dismiss; to creak, to grate; to exchange’

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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl silver, prob. ultimately from Akk ṣarpu ‘refined, silver’, vb.adj. of ṣarāpu ‘to refine’.

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