Bibliotheca Polyglotta

Bildung, Geistesbildung; Bildungswesen; (pl. ‑āt) Kultur – Wehr19??; culture, refinement; education; (pl. ‑āt) culture, civilization – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Vn. of ↗ṯaqufa (which in turn is denominative from ṯaq(i)f ?).
▪ A slightly polemical and of course rather old, but – as an introduction to questions of conceptual history – still valuable and useful study is Ṭibāwī1955¹

1. A. L. Ṭibāwī, “The Meaning of الثقافة in Contemporary Arabic”, Islamic Quarterly 2 (1955): 222-28.

▪ 1875 Kazimirski: [no specific entry for ṯ. itself, but] cf. ṯaqufa (vn. ṯaqāfaẗ) Être très-intelligent et ingénieux. – II 1. Redresser, rendre droit. – 2. Rendre intelligent. – 3. Former, rendre instruit par l’enseignement des lettres. – III Lutter avec un autre à qui se montera plus ingénieux, plus intelligent. • ṯaqafa 1. Redresser, rendre droit (ce qui était courbé ou tortu, p. ex. une lance). – 2. Surpasser en esprit, en sagacité. • ṯaqifa [▪ …] 2. Être intelligent.
▪ c1910: According to Ṭibāwī, »Dr. Manṣūr Fahmi states [in al-Maʕrifa 1 (June 1931): 144-5] that through Western influence the term ‘thaqāfa’ in the sense of ‘Kultur’ was introduced only ‘some twenty years ago’.«¹
▪1955 Ṭibāwī: »The term ‘thaqāfa’, like the concept ‘culture’, which it is supposed to express, seems now to be more generally accepted and used than understood and appreciated; it is in fact one of the most overworked terms in contemporary Arabic«²

1. A. L. Ṭibāwī, “The Meaning of الثقافة in Contemporary Arabic”, Islamic Quarterly 2 (1955): 222-28, 222. 2. Ibid.

▪ …
▪ …

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► ṯaqqafa, vb. II, to train, form, teach, educate:. – For other values cf. ↗ṯaqifa.
► taṯaqqafa, vb. V, to be trained, be educated:.

► ^BP#629ṯaqāfī, adj., educational; intellectual; cultural | mulḥaq ṯ. cultural attaché:.
► taṯqīf, n., cultivation of the mind; training, education; instruction :.
► taṯaqquf, n., culturedness, culture, refinement, education:.
► ^BP#1973muṯaqqaf, n., educated; trained; cultured:.

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