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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ǧawq جَوْق , pl. ʔaǧwāq, and
ǧawqaẗ جَوْقة , pl. ‑āt 
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 29Mar2021
√ǦWQ 
n. and n.f., respectively 
1 troop, group; 2a theatrical troupe, operatic company; 2b choir (mus.); 2c orchestra, band (also ǧawqaẗ mūsīqiyyaẗ) – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ According to Rolland2014a, ǧawq has as its origin the same Phl etymon from which also modPe ǧawḫ ʻtroupe, assembly of people or animals’ is derived. According to the DHDA, ǧawq ʻgroup, troop’ is the first item of the root to be attested (at the rather late date of 791 CE). Given also the fact that the Ar root does not exhibit any obvious Sem cognates (except for a Te word?), the probability of a borrowing is quite high.
▪ … 
▪ 791 ǧawq ʻgroup, troop’; 861 ǧawqaẗ ʻgroup of people’ – DHDA.
 
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #GWQ-1 Ar ǧawiqa ʻêtre de travers (bouche, figure)’. -2 ǧawwaqa ʻrassembler; crier à qn’. -3 […].
▪ … 
▪ Cf. also †ǧawqaẗ, pl. -āt, n.f., ʻcrowd, numerous party’ – Hava1899.
▪ The obsolete †ǧawwaqa, vb. II, ʻto muster a crowd’ (= DRS #GWQ-2), and †taǧawwaqa, vb. V, ʻto meet in large numbers’ (Hava1899) are prob. denom. from ǧawq.
▪ ClassAr also knows the value ʻdistortion’ as a value of ǦWQ = DRS #GWQ-1, cf. e.g. †ǧawiqa (a, ǧawaq), vb. I, ʻto have a wry face’; †ʔaǧwaqᵘ, f. ǧawqāᵘ, pl. ǧūq, adj., ʻwry-mouthed; big-necked’ (Hava1899). For these, DRS notes that Dillmann considered a relation to Gz gʷəḥqʷa ʻto bend (intr.), be distorted, to stooped, bent, curved, bowed (because of old age), to become weak’. However, given that (accord. to DHDA) the first attestation of this value – the adj. †ʔaǧwaqᵘ ʻwry-mouthed’ – is from a very late date (845 CE) and given also the doubtfulness of the Gz parallel, one should not exclude the possibility of a development *ʻtroop, group > to call together a group, muster a crowd; to cry at s.o. > to have a wry mouth (like s.o. crying at a group/troop to make them assemble)’. But this is highly speculative.
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►mudīr al-ǧawq, n., conductor, bandleader, choir leader
►ǧawqaẗ al-šaraf, n.f., Legion of Honor.

For other values of the root, now obsolete, cf. root entry ↗√ǦWQ. 
ǦWL جول 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 19Oct2022
√ 
“root” 
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ǦWHR جوهر 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ǦWHR 
“root” 
▪ ǦWHR_1 ‘essence, substance, matter; jewel’ ↗ǧawhar
▪ ǦWHR_2 ‘…’ ↗…
 
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