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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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fūlāḏ فُولاذ 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√FLḎ, FWLʔḎ, FūLāḎ 
n. 
steel – WehrCowan1979. 
From Pers pūlād ‘steel’. 
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▪ Rolland2014a gives also the var. Ar būlād.
 
▪ Lokotsch1927#1672: Not directly from Ar, but from the same source, Pers pūlād, is Tu bulat ‘steel’, which gave Pol Ukr bułat ‘id.’, Ru bulat ‘Damascene steel, dagger’. 
► fūlāḏī, var. fulāḏī, adj., steel (adj.), of steel, made of steel; steely, steel-like, steel-hard 
FWM فوم 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 22Apr2023
√FWM 
“root” 
▪ FWM_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FWM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FWM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘Except for fawwama ‘to bake (bread)’, it is rare to find any form of this root except fūm, the meaning of which is disputed by philologists (see below for the various suggestions)’ 
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FWH فوه 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 22Apr2023
√FWH 
“root” 
▪ FWH_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FWH_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FWH_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘mouth, to utter by mouth; to speak out, be eloquent; gluttony; gossip; the first part of a road, river or valley’ 
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FYʔ فيأ 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 22Apr2023
√FYʔ 
“root” 
▪ FYʔ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FYʔ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FYʔ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘shade, the movement of shade; to return; to take shelter in the shade, recover from anger; spoils from battle; taxation; flock of birds; company of people’ 
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FYD فيد 
Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | created 8Jun2023
√FYD 
“root” 
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