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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḥadd حَدّ 
ID 194 • Sw – • BP 3283 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤDː (ḤDD) 
n. 
1 (cutting) edge (of a knife, of a sword); 2a edge, border, brink, brim, verge; b border (of a country), boundary, borderline; 3a limit (fig.), the utmost, extremity, termination, end, terminal point, terminus; b a (certain) measure, extent, or degree (attained); 4 (math.) member (of an equation), term (of a fraction, of a proportion); 5a divine ordinance, divine statute; b legal punishment (Isl. Law) – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ From protSem *√ḤDD ‘to be(come) sharp’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤDD-1 Akk edēdu ‘être ou devenir pointu’, edd‑ ‘pointu’, Hbr ḥad ‘aigu’, Aram ḥadded, Ar ḥadda (u) ‘aiguiser’, (i) ‘être aiguisé’, ḥadd ‘tranchant d’une lame, force, bravoure; pénétration’. – Akk eddetu ‘buis’. – -?2 Ar ḥadīd ‘fer’, […]. -3 Ar ḥadda ‘limiter, tracer des limites, contenir, limiter, refuser qc à qn’, ḥadd ‘limite, terme; châtiment’, maḥdūd ‘limité, circonscrit, borné’, ḥadda, ʔaḥadda ‘observer la retraite légale (veuve), porter le deuil (femme)’, YemAr yiḥidd(oh) ‘même, au plus, au maximum’, Mhr Jib Soq ḥad, Ḥrs ḥəd, ḥad ‘limite, frontière’, Jib aḥdéd ‘fixer des limites’; Sab ḥdd ‘consacrer?’, Min s¹ḥd ‘interdire’, Ar ḥadda ‘s’emporter contre qn’, Soq inḥádid ‘se fâcher’, Jib ḥədd ‘pousser; harceler qn pour obtenir qu’il fasse ce que l’on souhaite’; Mhr ḥáttəd-əm, Jib ḥɔ́ttəd ‘se quereller en gesticulant’.
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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl hudud, from Ar ḥudūd, pl. of ḥadd ‘edge, limit, divine ordinance, punishment’, from ḥadda ‘to sharpen, delimit’. 
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ḤDB حدب 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9Mar2023
√ḤDB 
“root” 
▪ ḤDB_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤDB_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤDB_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘rocky hill; to be a hunchback; high waves, hardship, difficult situation; to dote on, take care of, care’ 
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ḤDṮ حدث 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤDṮ 
“root” 
▪ ḤDṮ_1 ‘new, unprecedented thing, novelty, event, happening; to happen, occur’ ↗ḥadaṯ, ‘new, modern’ ↗¹ḥadīṯ, ‘newness, novelty; youthfulness; modernity’ ↗ḥadāṯaẗ
▪ ḤDṮ_2 ‘young man, youth, juveniles’ ↗ḥadaṯ
▪ ḤDṮ_3 ‘evil symptom; misdeed; misfortune; excrement, feces; ritual impurity’ ↗ḥadaṯ
▪ ḤDṮ_4 ‘tale, story, report; to talk, discuss; Prophetic Hadith’ ↗²ḥadīṯ
▪ ḤDṮ_x ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘new, novel, youth; to originate, to create; to happen, incident, occurrence: to tell, to narrate, to speak to, to disclose’ 
▪ From protSem *√ḤDṮ ‘to be(come) new’ – Huehnergard2011.
▪ The basic Sem *ʻnewness’ was further interpreted in some languages as a) [v2] ʻyouth’ and, in Ar, also as b) [v1, v4] ʻnews item, news’ (to be reported, discussed, talked, told about, transmitted, esp. also about the Prophet’s life) as well as as c) ʻevent (*s.th. new happening)’, the latter also with development into two negative connotations, namely [v3] 1 ʻevil symptoms’, hence also ʻmisfortune’, and 2 ʻexcrements, feces’, hence also ʻritual impurity’.
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▪ [v2] Bergsträsser1928: (*‘new’) Akk eššu, Hbr ḥāḏāš, Syr ḥattā, Gz (ḥadī́s), Ar ḥadaṯ ‘young man’.
▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤDṮ: Akk edēšu ‘être nouveau’, Pun ḥdš ‘restaurer’, Hbr ḥaddeš, Nab Palm ḥdt ‘restaurer, renouveler; consacrer, dédier’, JP ḥaddet ‘restaurer, renouveler’, Syr ḥᵊdet ‘être nouveau’, Ar ḥaduṯa ‘se produire; être jeune, nouveau’, ḥādaṯa ‘rénover, polir’, ḥudṯ ‘fait nouveau’, ḥadaṯ ‘jeune’, ḥādiṯ ‘accident’, Sab ḥdṯ ‘survenir, se passer; causer, provoquer’, hḥdṯ ‘fonder, établir, faire débuter, inaugurer’, Qat Min s¹ḥdṯ ‘construire, renouveler, restaurer, inaugurer’, EthSAr hḥds ‘créer, faire, dédier’, Gz ḥaddasa, Tña ḥaddäsä, ḫaddäsä ‘renouveler’, Te ḥaddäsa Amh Gaf addäsä ‘être neuf’, Gur iddäsä ‘rénover, réparer’. – Akk ešš‑, Ug ḥdṯ, Hbr *ḥādāš, Pun *ḥdš, oAram ḥds, ‘nouveau’, EmpAram Palm ḥdt, JP ḥᵃdat, Syr ḥattā, Ar ḥadaṯ, Gz ḥaddis, Amh addis, Har ḥaǧīs, Arg haǧəs ‘nouveau’. – Ug ḥdṯ ‘mois’, ym ḥdṯ ‘jour de la nouvelle lune’, Phoen Pun ḥdš, h. ḥodęš ‘nouvelle lune, néoménie, mois’. – Ar ḥaddaṯa ‘rapporter, raconter, dire à’, taḥaddaṯa ‘converser’, ḥidṯ ‘conteur, causeur’, ḥadīṯ ‘propos’.
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▪ Engl hadith, Carthage, Addis Ababa ↗¹ḥadīṯ. 
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