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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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nusḫaẗ نُسْخَة 
ID 858 • Sw – • BP 1323 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√NSḪ 
n.f. 
… – WehrCowan1979. 
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NSR نسر 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√NSR 
“root” 
▪ NSR_1 ‘eagle, vulture’ ↗nasr ~ nisr
▪ NSR_2 ‘small piece, chip, splint ; to get torn, break’ ↗nasraẗ
▪ NSR_3 ‘beak (of a predatory bird)’ ↗minsar
▪ NSR_4 ‘band, troop, clique’ ↗mansar
▪ NSR_5 ‘fistula, tumor’ ↗nāsūr
▪ NSR_6 ‘jonquil’ ↗nisrīn

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): [nasr] ‘[proper name occurring once in the Qur’an] eagle, vulture; pre-Islamic Arabian idol worshipped by the tribe of Hudhayl and said to have been in the shape of a vulture; the cult is thought to have come to Arabia from Syria and Babylonia (71:23) ‘they say to each other], “Do not renounce your gods—do not renounce Wadd, Suwāʕ, Yaġūṯ, Yaʕūq or Nasr’ 
▪ It seems that the semantic diversity in the root can be reduced to basically 2 values: [v1] and [v6]. While [v6] is prob. a borrowing from Pers nasrīn ‘wild rose’ – »à moins que ce ne soit l’inverse« (Rolland2014) – the other items are with all likelihood all based on [v1] ‘eagle, vulture’, which is the Ar form of the bird’s name that is very widespread in Sem.
▪ [v1] : from protSem *n˅šr ~ n˅sr ‘eagle, vulture’ – MilitarevKogan2005#166.
▪ [v2] designates, originally, a small piece of flesh a predatory bird tears from the body of its prey.
▪ [v3] is a n.instr. formed from the denom. vb. I, now obsolete, *‘to tear pieces of flesh from the body of a prey like an eagle\vulture does with its beak’ (Lane viii 1893: †nasara ‘he [a bird etc.] pluck flesh with his beak’; still attested in a more generalized form in Hava1899: ‘to take off s.th.; to scrape, rub out s.th.’).
▪ [v4] is the result of a transfer of meaning from the eagle\vulture’s beak that ‘precedes’ the bird, onto a smaller group of people that marches ahead of the others (Lane viii 1893: ‘a portion of an army that goes before the main army’, Hava1899: ‘vanguard of an army’).
▪ [v5] is thought to be of foreign (Pers, Syr) origin by some, but can be from [v1] ‘eagle, vulture’, on account of the wounds caused by a predatory bird in the flesh of its prey.
 
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