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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic

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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ʕāš‑ / ʕiš‑ عاشَ / عِشْـ , i (ʕayš , ʕīšaẗ , maʕīš , maʕīšaẗ , maʕāš
ID … • Sw – • BP 326 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʕYŠ 
vb., I 
to live, be alive; to pass, spend, go through, experience (a period of time), live through (events) – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ … 
▪ eC7 ʕīšaẗ: Q 69:21 fa-huwa fī ʕīšatin rāḍiyatin ‘and so he will live a pleasant life’. – maʕāš: Q 78:11 wa-ǧaʕalnā ’l-nahāra maʕāšan ‘And we made the day [for earning] a living/for toiling’. – maʕīšaẗ: Q 43:32 naḥnu qasamnā bayna-hum maʕīšata-hum fī ’l-ḥayāti ’l-dunyā ‘We apportion out among them their livelihood in this life’.
▪▪ … 
▪ Zammit2002: Syr ʕās ‘recreatus est’, SAr ʕšt ‘way of life > community’
▪ Youssef2003: for EgAr ʕēš ‘life; that which sustains life, bread’ compare Eg ʕnḫ ‘life’
▪ … 
▪ Youssef2003 postulates a relation between EgAr ʕēš ‘life; that which sustains life, bread’ and Eg ʕnḫ ‘life’
▪ Albright1927 reports that Ar ʕāša had been combined with Eg ʕnḫ ‘to live’ earlier, but favours himself rather a relation between Eg ʕnḫ and Ar ↗naʕaša. The latter, however, can be thought of as being a "a prefixed nūn formation" from a *ʕŠ root (NʕŠ < *n-ʕŠ).
▪ … 
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ʕayyaša, vb. II, to keep alive, make or let live; to feed, support, sustain, provide for: caus.
ʕāyaša, vb. III, to live together with: associative.
ʔaʕāša, vb. IV, = II: caus.
taʕayyaša, vb. V, to eke out a living, just manage to make both ends meet; to earn one’s bread, make a living (min with); to live, subsist (min on, by):…
taʕāyaša, vb. VI, to live together: recipr.
ĭʕtāša, vb. VIII, = V. :…

BP#1408ʕayš, n., life, way of living, way (or mode) of life; livelihood, subsistance, living: vn. I; (chiefly eg.) bread: accord. to some with own etymology | mustawà ’l-~, n., living standard; ʕēš ġurāb (eg.), n., mushrooms.
ʕīšaẗ, n.f., sort of life, way (or mode) of living, way of life, life: vn. I.
ʕayyāš (eg.), n., bread seller: n.prof.
maʕāš, n., life, manner (or style) of living; livelihood, subsistence, living; means of subsistence; income: vn. I; (pl. ‑āt) retirement pay, pension; benefits or allowances from a public-welfare fund | ḏū ’l-~, n., pensioner; ʔarbāb al-~āt, n.pl., pensioners; ʔuḥīla ʔilà/ʕalà ’l-~, vb. IV pass., to be pensioned off, be retired, be superannuated.
BP#3239maʕīšaẗ, n.f., pl. maʕāyišᵘ, n., life, way of living, way (or mode) of life; form of life; livelihood, subsistence, living; household: vn. I | ~ al-rīf, n., rural life, life in the country.
BP#4642maʕīšī, adj., of or pertaining to the way of living: nsb-adj from maʕīšaẗ | al-ḥālaẗ al-~iyyaẗ, n., living standard.
muʕāyašaẗ, n.f., coexistence (pol.): vn. III.
ʔiʕāšaẗ, n.f., sustenance, nourishment, food: vn. IV | biṭāqaẗ al-~, n., food ration card.
BP#4222taʕāyuš, n., living together; coexistence (pol.): vn. VI.
BP#3252ʕāʔiš, adj., living, alive; well off, well-to-do, prosperous: PA I.
 
ʕYL عيل 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 3Mar2023
√ʕYL 
“root” 
▪ ʕYL_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕYL_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕYL_3 ‘...’ ↗...

Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘children, family, to have many children; to be underfed, to be dependent, to be poor; to deviate; to be conceited, to walk with a conceited gait’. – There is a certain degree of overlapping between this root and the root ↗ʕWL (q.v.), whereby the sense of ‘to have many children’ might be derived from either. 
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ʕYN عين 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʕYN 
“root” 
▪ ʕYN_1 ‘eye’ ↗ʕayn
▪ ʕYN_2 ‘…’ ↗
▪ ʕYN_3 ‘fountain, clear flowing water’ ↗maʕīn

Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘eye, eyesight, to see, to have beautiful eyes, to injure the eye, to give the evil eye, to spy, to ascertain, notables; water spring; group of brothers’ 
▪ ʕYN_1 : (Kogan2011:) from protSem *ʕayn‑ ‘eye’.
▪ ʕYN_2 : …
▪ ʕYN_3 : … 
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