Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #84: from prot(?)Sem *g˅r˅ḏ(-˅n)- // *g˅r˅ǧ(-˅n)- ‘kind of rodent’. »The protSem status of the present reconstruction is not fully reliable since intersemitic borrowings are possible« – see below, section DISC.
▪ From CSem *guraḏ‑ (exact form uncertain) ‘rodent’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #84: Syr gārədā ‘castor’, Mhr gərḏīn ‘rat’, Ḥrṣ gerḏīn ‘rat, mouse’, Ar ǧuraḏ ‘espèce de gros rat des champs’, ǧirḏawn ‘rat’. – For further possible parallels (Gz, Akk), see below, section DISC. – Outside Sem: Exact AfrAs parallels in Berb *g(ʷ)arziz- ‘hare’, perfectly corresponding to Sem *g˅r˅ḏ-: Shawiya a-gʷerzíz, Mzab Wargla a-gergīz (-g- < *-z- assimilated to g-), Rif a-yerziz, Ghadames ta-ǧerǧīs, pl. ta-ǧerzaz. Cf. also (EChad) Dangla gârzè ‘rat sp.’ (unless an Arabism), (CChad) Gude tángə̀rə̀žáne ‘type of animal (like squirrel or weasel)’ (< *tan-g˅r˅ǧ-an-).
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▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #84: »The protSem status of the present reconstruction is not fully reliable since intersemitic borrowings are possible. Cf. Akk garīdu translated as ‘Biber’ in AHw 282 and ‘a mammal’ in CAD (with the following remark: “Identified with the beaver for etymological reasons”). In view of -d- instead of the expected -z-, this term is likely to be an Aram loanword as suggested by Salonen1976 and Landsberger 1934 […]. According to Militarev, forms in -d in Gz and Berb (below) make this assumption less certain. Cf. Gz ḳərādin, ḳərdān ‘field mouse’ with ḳ- and -d- instead of the expected g- and -z- […]. [A] striking parallel to Gz ḳərādin, ḳərdān is represented by Berb *ḳard- ‘rat’: Fojaha γérdé, Rif aγarda, Mzab Shawiya Qabyle Shilḥ aγerda, etc. – [Also:] One wonders whether some other phonetically perfect but semantically too distant matches to Sem *g˅r˅ḏ- may be compared: (EChad) Dangla gírzìbó ‘varan’ (Fedry 326), (NOmot) Sheko góržu ‘gecko’, goržube ‘lizard’ (-b- here and in the Dangla term is a fossilized suffix), on the one hand, and (SOmot) Dirne gerž ‘cat’, on the other hand.
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►ǧirḏawn, pl. ǧarāḏīnᵘ, n., large rat

ǦRZ جرز

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Jan2023, last update 5Mar2023

√ǦRZ

“root”

▪ ǦRZ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ǦRZ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ǦRZ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘barren land, land afflicted by drought, famine; to eat up, devour, to cut off, kill’

▪ According to DRS 3 (1994), the Ar root √ǦRZ (^†ǧaraza ‘déchirer avec les dents, mordre, dévorer, ravager les cultures’, ǧaruza ‘être vorace’, ǧariza ‘être aride, dénudé, tari’) is an extension from a 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*ǦR- with the basic meaning (among others) of *‘gorge’, *‘gosier’, *‘avaler, engloutir’. – See also ↗ǦRǦR, ↗ǦRǦM, ↗ǦRDB, ↗ǦRʕ, ↗ǦRʕB.
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ǦRS جرس

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 18Oct2022

√ǦRS

“root”

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ǦRʕ جرع

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Jan2023, last update 5Mar2023

√ǦRʕ

“root”

▪ ǦRʕ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ǦRʕ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ǦRʕ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘barren land that does not hold water; to drink, sip, gulp down, a mouthful of drink’

▪ According to DRS 3 (1994), the Ar root √ǦRʕ (with ↗ǧariʕa ‘boire d’un coup, avaler, ingurgiter’, etc., ǧaraʕ ‘terrain léger, perméable à l’eau, stérile’) is an extension from a 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*ǦR- with the basic meaning (among others) of *‘gorge’, *‘gosier’, *‘avaler, engloutir’. – See also ↗ǦRǦR, ↗ǦRǦM, ↗ǦRDB, ↗ǦRZ, ↗ǦRʕB.
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ǦRʕB جرعب

√ǦRʕB

“root”

…

▪ According to DRS 3 (1994), the Ar root √ǦRʕB (with ^†ǧarʕaba ‘boire’) is an extension from a 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*ǦR- with the basic meaning (among others) of *‘gorge’, *‘gosier’, *‘avaler, engloutir’. – See also ↗ǦRǦR, ↗ǦRǦM, ↗ǦRDB, ↗ǦRZ, ↗ǦRʕ.
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ǦRF جرف

√ǦRF

“root”

▪ ǦRF_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ǦRF_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ǦRF_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘cliff, precipice, undercut bank, slippery mountainside; to sweep away, wash away, shovel away’

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ǦRFS جرفس

√ǦRFS

“root”

This root has become obsolete in MSA. Earlier values include (BK 1860, Hava1899):

▪ ^†ǦRFS_1 ‘renverser, jeter par terre | to throw s.o. down; to bind tightly’: ^†ǧarfasa
▪ ^†ǦRFS_2 ‘lion’: ^†ǧirfās
▪ ^†ǦRFS_ ‘…’: ^†…

▪ ^†[v1] : According to Ehret1995#285, Ar ǧarfasa ‘to throw on the ground’ represents an extension in *-p (“intensive (manner)”) and *-s (“lexicalized PAA causative”) from a bi-consonantal “pre-Proto-Semitic” root *GR-‘to go down’ < AfrAs *-GǏR- ‘to sit’. – Other extensions from the same pre-protSem root: ↗ǦRː (ǦRR), ↗ǦRBZ, ↗ǦRṮM, ↗ǦRǦM, ↗ǦRDL.

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ǦRM جرم

√ǦRM

“root”

▪ ǦRM_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ǦRM_2 ‘criminal’ ↗muǧrim

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘body, mass, volume; to cut off, to pick, to harvest, to acquire for o.s., to earn, to deserve; to commit a crime, an unlawful act, aggression, crime; to pass away’

▪ According to DRS 3 (1994), the Ar root √ǦRM (with ^†ǧarama ‘émonder, couper (les fruits desséchés); gagner de quoi nourrir sa famille’) is an extension from a 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*ǦR- with the basic meaning (among others) of *‘couper’ > *‘enlever’, *‘arracher’, *‘casser’, etc. – See also ↗ǦRǦM, ↗ǦRḤ, ↗ǦRD, ↗ǦRDM.
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▪ DRS 3 (1993) #GRM-1 Hbr gerem, EmpAram grm, JP garmā ‘os’, Syr gᵊrūmā ‘os, noyau’, ʔagrūmtā ‘cadavre’, gāromtā ‘massue’, Mnd girma ‘os, articulation’ Ar ǧirm ‘charpente, ossature, corps, volume, ampleur’, Sab grm ‘corps d’un animal’. – Ar ǧarima ‘avoir bonne mine’, ʔaǧrama ‘avoir une forte carrure’, ǧarama ‘être digne de, mériter’, Gz garama ‘être formidable, terrifiant, magnifique’, Te gärräma ‘effrayer, être beau, en bon état’, Tña Gur gärämä, Amh Arg ‘mériter’, Gz garama ‘être formidable, terrifiant, magnifique’, Te gärräma ‘effrayer, être beau, en bon état’, Tña Gur gärämä, Amh Arg Gaf gärrämä ‘être étonnant, émerveiller’. – YemAr ǧarm ‘couverture, vêtement faits de peaux de moutons cousues’, Sab grm ‘peau d’animal servant d’outre’, Te gərm ‘peaux cousues ensemble’. -2 nHbr gāram ‘causer, occasionner’, Syr gᵊram ‘établir, constituer’. -3 Syr ʔagrem ‘commettre un crime’, Ar ǧaruma ‘être criminel’, ǧurm ‘crime, péché’, Sab mgrmtm ‘à tort’, Jib egrím ‘commettre un crime’, gérém, gérĩt ‘crime’ -4 Hbr gāram ‘mettre de côté, réserver’, Syr gᵊram ‘décider, trancher’, Ar ǧarama ‘émonder, couper (les fruits desséchés); gagner de quoi nourrir sa famille’, taǧarrama (ʕan) ʼse séparer, se détacher (de)ʼ, Tham grm ‘cueillir des dattes’, collAr (Marâzîg) žᵃṛám ‘raviner profondément, laisser le gravier à nu (eau de ruissellement)’, Soq grm ‘cueillir’, Te ǧärrämä ‘couper, déchirer en morceaux’, Amh gʷärämmämä ‘couper le sommet’, Gur gurma ‘souche, tronc’, gurämmä ‘raclures du tronc de l’asät pour la confection du pain’, ? gärmomät ‘écume du lait’. -5 Akk garāmu ‘parcourir son orbite (planète)’. -6 Te təgärrämä ‘se porter garant’, gäräm ‘garant, caution’. -7 Mhr gīremōt, Ḥrs gərəmēt, Jib źirĩt, Soq gírámeh: fruit du dōm. -8 Ar ǧarm ‘péniche’. -9 Soq górem ‘jeter des pierres’. -10 Ar ǧarm ‘chaleur torride’. -11 Ḥrs yerām ‘baleine’.
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