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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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furāt فُرات 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√FRT 
n.pr. 
al-f. the Euphrates; furāt sweet (water) – WehrCowan1979. 
Via Hbr Syr pᵊrāt, or (as Pennacchio2014 thinks) directly, from Akk purattu, purāt, ultimately from Sum pura-nun ‘great water’. 
▪ eC7 The word occurs three times in the Qur'an, always meaning ‘sweet-tasting water’, e.g., Q 77:27 wa-ʔasqaynā-kum māʔan furātan ‘and We gave you to drink sweet-tasting water’ (Badawi 2008). 
Akk purattu, purāt, Hbr Syr pᵊrāt are not real cognates since the word is loaned from there. 
▪ Jeffery1937: 222-3: »The passages are all Meccan and refer to the sweet river water as opposed to the salt water of the sea, and in the two latter passages the reference is apparently to some cosmological myth. – In any case the word furāt is derived from the river Euphrates (Horovitz, KU, 130), which from the Sum pura-nun ‘great water’, appears in Akk as purattu, or purāt 1 , and in oPers as Ufrātu,2 whence the Grk euphrátēs. From the Akk come the Hbr pᵊrāt and Syr pᵊrāt, whence in all probability the Ar furāt, if indeed this was not an early borrowing from Mesopotamia.«
▪ Pennacchio2014:81 thinks the word is directly from Akk purāt, for phonological reasons. The meaning ‘sweet (water)’, as in the Q, »viendrait de l’une des caractéristique du fleuve«, by semantic extension. 
▪ The Eur names for one of the main rivers in Mesopotamia, e.g. Engl Euphrates, have all come in via Grk euphrátēs. Jeffery1938 thinks the latter is directly from Akk, while OED assumes oPers ufrātu as the more immediate source of borrowing. As this is perhaps from Av huperethuua ‘good to cross over’, composed of hu‑ ‘good’ + peretu‑ ‘ford’, which, however, according to Kent [Old Persian, p.176], probably is »a popular etymologizing in oPers of a local non-Iranian name«, we are back to Akk purattu, purāt, from Sum pura-nun ‘great water’. 
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FRṮ فرث 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Apr2023
√FRṮ 
“root” 
▪ FRṮ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FRṮ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ FRṮ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘dung; emptying out the contents of a sack or a belly; to inform on s.o’ 
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FRǦ فرج 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√FRǦ 
“root” 
▪ FRǦ_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ FRǦ_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘that which is between the legs of a human and the hind legs of an animal, opening, cleavage, euphemesim for the sexual organs of the two sexes; hole; to open, to split, to cleave a way; to relieve; to set free’ 
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▪ According to Ehret1989#37, the root is an extension in‘finitive fortative’ *-g from a pre-protSem 2-consonantal root nucleus *PR- ‘to cut (a piece from)’ > Ar ↗*FR-. For other extensions from the same pre-protSem *PR- see ↗farada (furūd) ‘to be single, isolated, be unique’, ↗faraza (farz) ‘to separate, set apart, secrete, select’, ↗farasa (fars) ‘to break the neck, tear the prey into pieces’, ↗faraša (farš) ‘to spread on the floor, spread out’, ↗faršaḥa, var. faršaḫa, ‘to straddle, stand with one’s legs apart’, ↗furṣaẗ ‘chance, auspicious moment; holiday’ (i.e., s.th. that comes like a ‘cut’ in normal life), ↗furḍaẗ ‘notch, incision, opening’, ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to beat off, stripp off (fruits)’, ↗faraʕa (farʕ) ‘to prune a tree’, ↗faraqa (farq) ‘to split, separate’, ↗farama (farm) ‘to cut small, hash’, ↗farà (fary) ‘to cut, cleave, sever’; cf. also ↗farra (firār) ‘to flee, run away’, ↗faraṭa (farṭ) ‘to escape inadvertedly, slip, get lost’, ↗faṭara (faṭr) ‘to split, cleave, break apart’, (fuṭūr) ‘to break the fast’. 
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FRḤ فرح 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√FRḤ 
“root” 
▪ FRḤ_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ FRḤ_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘joy, happiness, to rejoice; conceit, pride; ungratefulness; affliction’ 
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