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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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munaẓẓamaẗ مُنَظَّمَة 
ID 864 • Sw – • BP 521 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√NẒM 
n.f. 
… – WehrCowan1979. 
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NʕǦ نعج 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NʕǦ 
“root” 
▪ NʕǦ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕǦ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕǦ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘female sheep, ewe, gazelle, mountain goat, antelope; woman, woman or camel with good colouring; fast camel’ 
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NʕS نعس 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NʕS 
“root” 
▪ NʕS_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕS_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕS_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘slumber, dozing off, drowsiness, to doze off; to beget lazy children’ 
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NʕQ نعق 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NʕQ 
“root” 
▪ NʕQ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕQ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕQ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘entrance to desert rat’s burrow; croaking, bleating, gibberish, to scream, shout at herds of goats and sheep, (all) living things’ 
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NʕL نعل 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NʕL 
“root” 
▪ NʕL_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕL_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕL_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘footwear, horseshoe, camelshoe, to have thick hard feet, have hooves, travel on foot, hard and stony piece of barren land; calamities’ 
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NʕM نعم 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NʕM 
“root” 
▪ NʕM_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NʕM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘cattle, ostrich; bounty, blessings, grace, good living, to enjoy life, to bestow favours; to flourish, become verdant; to be soft and smooth’ 
▪ From CSem *√NʕM ‘to be(come) pleasant, agreeable’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ 1 Engl personal name Naomi, from Hbr noʕŏmî ‘my delight’, from nōʕam ‘delight, delightfulness’, from nāʕēm ‘to be(come) pleasant, delightful’; 2 Engl anemone, perh. a folk-etymological alteration (influenced by Grk anemos ‘wind’) of an epithet of Adonis (the anemone having sprung from Adonis’s blood in Grk myth), from Phoen *hannaʕmon ‘the pleasant one’, akin to Hbr naʕămān, a man’s name (lit. ‘pleasantness’), and naʕămānîm, a word describing a garden in Isaiah 17:10, perh. a distortion of an epithet of Adonis. The Phoen and Hbr words are cognate to Ar ↗niʕmaẗ, ↗naʕam, etc., see ↗√NʕM. 
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NĠḌ نغض 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NĠḌ 
“root” 
▪ NĠḌ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NĠḌ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NĠḌ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘the joint that moves the shoulder, to move from one side to the other, incline (one’s head), move the head up and down’ 
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*NF‑ نفـ 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√*NF- 
2-cons. "root nucleus" 
▪ *NF-_1 ‘to come out’
▪ *NF-_2 ‘to inhale, exhale’
▪ *NF-_3 ‘…’ 
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According to Ehret1989#58 and #59, 3-rad. extensions of pre-protSem *NP- in Ar are:

*NF _1 ‘to come out’
► + “durative” *‑G : †nafaǧa (nafǧ) ‘to creep out of the egg’
► + “intensive (> fortative)” *‑Z : †nafaza (nafāz) ‘to come forth, arrive, reach’
► + “diffusive” *‑R : ↗nafara u i (nafar) ‘to flee and disperse, run away’
► + “venitive” *‑ɬ : ↗nafaša u (nafš) ‘to pick wool or cotton, pluck’
► + “focative” *‑Ṣ : †nafaṣa (nafṣ) ‘to emit urine forcibly’
► + “middle” *‑Ḍ : †nafaḍa (nafḍ) ‘to drop a foal, put forth ears’, ↗nafaḍa u (nafḍ) ‘to shake off, dust, dust off’
► + “inchoative (> tr.)” *‑W : ↗nafā (nafw) ‘to drive away, chase off’
► + “inchoative (> tr.)” *‑Y : ↗nafà (nafy) ‘to expel, drive away, banish, exile’

*NF _2 ‘to inhale, exhale’
► (simple form) : ↗naffa i ‘to blow one’s nose, snuff’
► + “diffusive” *‑Ṯ : ↗nafaṯa u i (nafṯ) ‘to blow upon, spit out’
► + “finitive fortative” *‑G : †nafaǧa (nafǧ) ‘to blow violently’
► + “iterative” *‑Ḥ : ↗nafaḥa a (nafḥ) ‘to spread odor, be fragrant, blow’
► + “extendative fortative” *‑Ḫ : ↗nafaḫa u (nafḫ) ‘to blow, breathe in air, blow upon’
► + “fortative” *‑S : ↗nafasa u (nafs, nafas) ‘to injure by breathing upon, breath of life, vital spirit, soul’
► + “durative intensive” *‑Ṭ : †nafaṭa (nafīṭ) ‘to sneeze’, ↗nafṭaẗ ‘blister’, (?)↗nafṭ ‘naphtha, petroleum’ 
NFṮ نفث 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 19May2023
√NFṮ 
“root” 
▪ NFṮ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NFṮ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NFṮ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to blow, spit out, puff out, inspire, (of a snake) to inject (venom), (of a witch) to hiss an incantation’ 
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NFḤ نفح 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 19May2023
√NFḤ 
“root” 
▪ NFḤ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NFḤ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NFḤ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘rennet; dose; touch; (of a scent) to waft about, pleasant smell; to make a present; to kick, fend off’ 
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NFḪ نفخ 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√NFḪ 
“root” 
▪ NFḪ_1 ‘to blow, breathe; to inspire; to inflate, fill with air; bellows; arrogance’ ↗nafaḫa
▪ NFḪ_2 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ NFḪ_3 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 puff, blow, blow into, breathe in, inflate, bellows; 2 haughtiness, arrogance’ 
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