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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔiḏn إذْن , pl. ʔuḏūn , ʔuḏūnāt 
ID … • Sw – • BP 1290 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔḎN 
n. 
permission, authorization; leave; license; warrant; (pl. ʔuḏūn, ʔuḏūnāt) (postal) order; bond (fin.) – WehrCowan1979. 
Most probably, the item ‘to allow, give permission’ is dependent on ʔḎN_1 ‘ear’, as suggested by DRS where all values are grouped as one item, deriving from Sem *‘ear’. Cf. ↗ʔḎN for the general picture, and ↗ʔuḏn for ‘ear’. 
▪ … 
DRS 1 (1994)#ʔḎN: [apart from cognates meaning ‘ear’]: Ar ʔaḏina ‘permettre’, Tham ʔḏn ‘autorité’, Ug ʔidn ‘permission?’, SAr ʔdn ‘obéissance, ordre’. 
See “Nutshell” above as well as ↗ʔuḏn and ↗ʔḎN. 
– 
► ʔaḏina, a, vb. I, to allow, permit: denominative?
► ĭstaʔḏana, vb. X, to ask permission to enter, have o.s. announced; to take leave, say good-bye: denominative.

► ʔiḏnī, adj.: sanad ʔ. promissory note, bill payable to order of s.o.: nsb-adj.
► ʔāḏin, n., door-keeper, porter: lexicalized PA I (*‘the one who gives permission to enter’).
► maʔḏūn, adj., authorized; licensed, legally allowed or recognized: PP I; n., holder of diploma; slave with limited legal rights (Isl.Law); = m. šarʕī, official authorized by the cadi to perform civil marriages (Isl.Law): lexicalized nominalized PP I (*person who has been authorized).
► maʔḏūniyyaẗ, n.f., leave, furlough (mil.Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.).

► For other values cf. ↗ʔuḏn and ↗ʔaḏān. 

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