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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḥāfiraẗ حافِرة 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤFR 
n.f. 
original condition, beginning – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ Accord. to ClassAr lexicographers, ḥāfiraẗ refers to the situation immediately after a deal, when the sold/bought animal is not to be removed until its price has been paid, i.e., when it is still ‘digging’, pawing the ground. From the expression ʕinda ’l-ḥāfir(aẗ) ‘lit., with [him/her] still digging/pawing’, is the meaning ‘on the spot, right away, at once’, still common today, and hence also ‘original state, initial condition’, attested as such already in the Qurʔān. 
▪ eC7 (original state, former condition) Q 79:10-11 yaqūlūna ʔa-ʔinnā la-mardūdūna fī ’l-ḥāfiraẗi? ʔa-ʔiḏā kunnā ʕiẓāman naḫiraẗan? ‘(Now) they are saying: What?, shall we brought back to the original state [life] / after we have turned into decayed bones?’ 
See ↗ḥafara, ↗√ḤFR. 
▪ See above, section CONC. 
… 
ʕinda ’l-ḥāfiraẗ, adv., on the spot, right away, at once: see ʕalà ’l- ↗ḥāfir.
raǧaʕa ʔilà ḥāfiratih, expr., to revert to its original state or origin.

 For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥafara, ↗ḥafr, ↗ḥafraẗ gafraẗ, ↗ḥāfir, as well as, for the general picture, ↗√ḤFR. 
ḤFŠ حفش 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤFŠ 
“root” 
▪ ḤFŠ_1 *‘to gather, grasp; assemble’ ↗…
▪ ḤFŠ_2 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ḤFŠ_3 ‘…’ ↗… 
▪ ḤFŠ_1 : Ehret1995#754 thinks this ḤFŠ an extension in »venitive« *‑ɬ, from a bi‑consonantal pre‑protSem root *ḤP ‘to take hold of’ < AfrAs *‑ḥap‑ ‘to take hold of’. – Other extensions from the same pre‑protSem root: ↗ḤFṬ, ↗ḤFL, ↗ḤFN.
 
▪ … 
▪ See above, section CONC. 
… 
… 
▪ ḤFŠ_1 : (Ehret1995#754) For other extensions from the same pre‑protSem root, cf. ↗ḤFṬ, ↗ḤFL, ↗ḤFN.
 
ḤFṬ حفط 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤFṬ 
“root” 
▪ ḤFṬ_1 *‘to collect, gather’ ↗…
▪ ḤFṬ_2 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ḤFṬ_3 ‘…’ ↗… 
▪ ḤFṬ_1 : Ehret1995#754 thinks this ḤFṬ is an extension in »focative« *‑tl, from a bi‑consonantal pre‑protSem root *ḤP ‘to take hold of’ < AfrAs *‑ḥap‑ ‘to take hold of’. – Other extensions from the same pre‑protSem root: ↗ḤFŠ, ↗ḤFL, ↗ḤFN.
 
▪ … 
▪ Cf. above, section CONC. 
… 
… 
▪ ḤFṬ_1 : (Ehret1995#754:) For other extensions from the same pre‑protSem root, see ↗ḤFŠ, ↗ḤFL, ↗ḤFN.
 
ḤFẒ حفظ 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤFẒ 
“root” 
▪ ḤFẒ_1 ʻto preserve, take care of, save, store; to protect, guard, defend; to remember\memorize, know\learn by heart’ ↗ḥafiẓa; ʻdressing, ligature, bandage’ ↗ḥifāẓ; ʻfolder, bag, portfolio; wallet, pocketbook’ ↗maḥfaẓaẗ; ʻconservativism; governorate (Eg.), larger administrative district (Syr.)’ ↗muḥāfaẓaẗ; ʻcaution, reserve, aloofness; reservation’ ↗taḥaffuẓ; ʻone who knows the Koran by heart’ ↗ḥāfiẓ
▪ ḤFẒ_2 ʻanger, indignation, resentment, rancor; to vex, annoy, irritate, offend’ ↗ḥifẓaẗ
▪ ḤFẒ_ ʻ’ ↗ḥfẓ

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to keep, to preserve, to maintain; to remember, to learn, to internalise; to guard, to protect; to entrust, custodian; to be attentive, to be constant; to anger, grudge, rancour’. 
▪ [v1] (Huehnergard2011, Kogan2015:) From protCSem *ḥpṯ̣ ‘to be mindful of, be attentive, care, preserve’, *ḥipṯ̣‑ ‘attention’, of unknown deeper origin.
▪ [v2] is kept apart from [v1] in DRS, obviously due to seeming semantic mismatch. But a look into ClassAr dictionaries can leave little doubt that [v2] is dependent on [v1]: the meaning ʻanger, indignation’ is (as circumscribed by Hava1899) a ʻzeal to defend s.o.\s.th.’, more precisely (as reported by Lane ii 1865, s.v. †ḥafīẓaẗ, of which ḥifẓaẗ is classified as a var.), ʻindignation\anger by reason of violence\injury done to s.th. which one is bound to honour or respect, and to defend, or of wrong done to a relation, or kinsman, in one’s neighbourhood, or of the breach of a covenant; it is said in a prov., al-maqdiraẗ tuḏhibu ’l-ḥafīẓaẗ ʻpower [to revenge] dispels anger\indignation, etc.’, meaning that it is incumbent to forgive when one has power to revenge’; cf. also the var. meaning of †ḥafīẓaẗ, ʻamulet\charm bearing an inscription which is hung upon a child, to charm against the evil eye, etc.’. Thus, the ʻanger, indignation’ meant by ḥifẓaẗ stems from the memory one has retained of harm that has been done to s.o.\s.th. one feels in charge of, honours, respects’; cf. also al-malak al-ḥafīẓ ʻthe recording angel of men’ (Hava1899), i.e., the remembering one who can become an angel of revenge if the records show a man’s misdeeds.
▪ … 
– 
▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤPẒ-1 Hbr ḥāpeṣ ‘être bienveillant, être propice’, Syr ḥᵉpaṭ ‘s’appliquer à’, Ar ḥafiẓa ‘garder, conserver, préserver; observer’, ĭḥtafaẓa ‘garder’, ḥifẓ ‘attention, vigilance, mémoire’, Min ḥtfẓ ‘garder aux archives’, Mhr ḥəfūẓ, Jib ḥfɔẓ ‘préserver, surveiller; donner un alibi’, Jib ḥafẓ ‘lieu sûr, (bonne) garde’. -2 Ar ḥifẓaẗ ‘colère’.
▪ Kogan2015: 210 #10 Hbr ḥpṣ ‘to take pleasure in, desire; to be willing, feel inclined’, ḥēpäṣ ‘joy, delight; wish; matter, business’, Syr ḥpṭ ‘alicui rei operam navavit, studuit’, ḥupṭā ‘adhortatio, admonitio, sollicitudo’, Ar ḥfẓ ‘to keep, preserve, take care of,’ ḥifẓ ‘care, attention’, Min ḥtfṯ̣ ‘garder’; (? < Ar: Mhr ḥəfūḏ̣, Jib ḥfɔḏ̣ ‘to keep safe, preserve, look after’).
▪ … 
▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ … 
▪ Engl hafiz ↗ḥāfiẓ. 
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