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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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maḥār مَحار (n.un. ‑aẗ) 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤWR 
n.coll. (n.un. ‑aẗ) 
n.coll. (n.un. aẗ), oysters; shellfish, mussels; mother-of-pearl, nacre – WehrCowan1979. 
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▪ DRS 9 (2010)#ḤWR 12: Ar maḥāraẗ ‘coquillage’ is listed as distinct item, without any direct cognates in Sem or outside.
▪ But if it should nevertheless be akin to some other item(s) of ḤWR, the cognates will probably be found in the entries on ↗ḥawar ‘(marked contrast between black and) white’, ↗ḥāra ‘to (re)turn’, and ↗Ḥawrān. For the whole picture, cf. ↗ḤWR.
 
▪ The word maḥāraẗ does not only mean ‘oyster’ (originally probably ‘mother-of-pearl shell; oyster-shell ’) but until today is also a vn. of ḥāra ‘to (re)turn’. In ClassAr it is also a n.loc. and as such means ‘place that returns [like a circle], in which a return is made [to the point of commencement]’ (Lane), and is therefore also used to signify the ‘concha of the ear’. While these values thus seem to be akin to ↗ḥāra ‘to (re)turn’ (as also many others, cf. ↗ḤWR), the explanation, given by other lexicographers, of maḥāraẗ as ‘the external, deep, and wide, cavity, around the ear-hole’ lets also think of a possible relation to ḥawr in the sense, now obsolete, of †‘bottom (of a well etc.)’ (which in turn has perhaps to be seen together with the value ‘black’ as appearing in modSAr, cf. DRS#ḤWR-2, see entry ↗Ḥawrān), or with the ‘(marked contrast between black and) white’ as expressed in ↗ḥawar and derivatives. So, if maḥār in the meaning ‘oysters’ is not (as DRS seems to assume by listing it as a separate item) independent of other values of ḤWR, it may be either the *‘thing with the marked black-white contrast’ or the *‘thing that looks like a spiral’.
▪ The value, now obsolete, that maḥār (aẗ) could take in ClassAr in addition to that of ‘oysters’ and ‘place in which a return is made (to the point of commencement)’, namely †‘side, region, quarter, tract, etc.’ has probably to be seen together with ↗ḥāraẗ ‘quarter, lane’, see s.v.
▪ Lane mentions also the meaning »‘thing resembling [the kind of vehicle called] hawdaǧ ’ (pronounced vulgarly maḥārraẗ), pl. āt, maḥāʔirᵘ, often applied in the present day to the ‘dorsers, panniers, oblong chests which are borne, one on either side, by a camel, and, with a small tent over them, compose a hawdaǧ ’, ‘[ornamented hawdaǧ called the] maḥmil [vulgarly pronounced maḥmal ] of the pilgrims [which is borne by a camel, but without a rider, and is regarded as the royal banner of the caravan; such as is described and figured in Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians ]’«. This value is difficult to relate to any of the other ḤWR values and remains obscure.
 
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► maḥāraẗ, n.un., oyster; oyster shell, mussel; trowel 
ḤWZ حوز 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10Mar2023
√ḤWZ 
“root” 
▪ ḤWZ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWZ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWZ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘area, domain, holding; to incline, side with, press together’ 
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ḤWŠ حوش 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10Mar2023
√ḤWŠ 
“root” 
▪ ḤWŠ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWŠ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWŠ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘an enclosure; unfamiliar; to exclude, avoid, turn away from; to hold off’ 
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ḤWṬ حوط 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10Mar2023
√ḤWṬ 
“root” 
▪ ḤWṬ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWṬ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWṬ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘wall, fence, to encircle, encompass, protect; to comprehend; to be careful, guard against; to overwhelm, overtake’ 
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ḤWL حول 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10Mar2023
√ḤWL 
“root” 
▪ ḤWL_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWL_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWL_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘year, to complete a year; to change, alter, shift, deviate; to prevent, screen off, interpose, to bar; to try; to refer; around, about, circa; power; to plan, contrive, beguile; method; circumstance, conditions’ 
▪ From WSem *√ḤWL ‘to go around, turn, change’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl hawala, from Ar ↗ḥawālaẗ ‘bill of exchange’, from ↗ḥāla, vb. I, ‘to turn, change’. 
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ḤWY حوي 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 10Mar2023
√ḤWY 
“root” 
▪ ḤWY_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWY_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḤWY_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘dark colours, particularly reddish black and greenish black; colour of dead vegetation; container, to collect; coil, to coil, intestines’ 
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ḤYː (ḤYY) حيّ / حيي 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤYː (ḤYY) 
“root” 
▪ ḤYː (ḤYY)_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ḤYː (ḤYY)_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘life, living, to live, to bring to life, to keep alive; livelihood; animal kingdom; fertility, rain; living quarters, district; to keep vigil, to occupy with activity, to celebrate the memory of; to greet, greeting; to be modest, to be shy, bashfulness; adder, serpent’ 
▪ Kogan2011: from protWSem *ḥyy, *ḥwy ‘to live’.
▪ From protSem *√ḤYW ‘to live’, protSem adj. *ḥayy‑ ‘alive, living’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤW/YW/Y-1 Ug ḥwy, Phoen ḥwy, Pun ḥwʔ, Hbr ḥayā(h), Aram ḥayā, ḥayī, Syr ḥəyā, Mnd hia, Ar ḥayya, ḥayiya, Sab ḥyw, Soq ḥyy ‘vivre’, Sab *hḥyw, Mhr Ḥrs ḥewya EJib ḥuy, ḥóyi, CJib ḥē ‘être guéri’, Mhr Ḥrs ḥyīʔ, EJib ḥbé, ḥyéʔ, CJib aḥbé, oḥōi ‘soigner, guérir’, Soq ḥéyhi ‘être humain’, Gz ḥaywa ‘vivre, être vivant, revenir à la vie’, Tña ḥayäwä, ḥawäyä, Te ḥaya ‘vivre, être sain’, Gz ḥəywat, ḥiwat, Tña ḥəywät, Te ḥayot, Amh ḥəywät, Gur ḫeywät ‘vie’. – Hbr ḥayyā, Phoen ḥyt (pl.), JP ḥēwᵊtā, Syr ḥayyūtā, Ar ḥayawān ‘animal’. -2 Ug ḥwt ‘pays’, ḥwy ‘dépôt’, Pun ḥwt (pl.) ‘pays’, Hbr *ḥawwā ‘villages de tentes’, ḥayyā ‘troupe’, Ar ḥawà (y) ‘réunir; saisir; contenir’, ḥiwāʔ ‘réunion d’habitants’, ḥayy ‘quartier’, ? YemAr ḥawīyäh ‘cour derrière la maison où on entasse les ordures’, Sab ḥwy ‘investir, encercler’, Sab Min ḥw ‘serfs, manants’. -3 oAram ḥwh, EmpAram ḥwyh, Syr ḥewyā, Ar ḥayyaẗ ‘serpent’, taḥawwà (y) ‘se lover’, ? ḥāwiyaẗ ‘intestins’; Mhr həwū ‘ramper’, hatwi ‘se lover, être lové’, Jib hútbi ‘se draper’. -4 Ar ḥawiya, ĭḥwaw(w)à ‘être d’une teinte (vert ou rouge) foncée tirant sur le noir’, ḥuwwaẗ ‘noir, rouge foncé tirant vers le noir’, ḥuww ‘moreau (cheval)’, ĭḥwāwà ‘être vert’, Gz ḥawaya ‘se faire soir, devenir sombre, crépusculaire’; Te ḥoy, ḥawāy: robe de vache, sombre avec poitrail blanc; sombre, obscur. -5 Gz ḥawəy: interjection exprimant la peine. -6 Jib ḥē ‘récolter, rechercher’. -7 Ar ḥayiya ‘être distinct’. -8 ḥayiya, ĭstaḥ(y)à ‘avoir honte, être pudique’. -9 ḥawāʔ ‘bruit’.
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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl Eve, from lLat Ēva, from Hbr ḥawwâ ‘living, life’, from ḥāyâ ‘to live’; Ea, from Akk Ea, from oAkk *ḥayy‑ ‘living’; both akin to Ar ↗ḥayy ‘living, alife’. 
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