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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʕazzar عَزَّرَ 
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 3Jun2023
√ʕZR
 
vb., II 
to help – Jeffery1938
 
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▪ eC7 Q v, 15; vii, 156; xlviii, 9 – Jeffery1938.
 
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▪ Jeffery1938: »It is used only in late passages in the technical sense of giving aid in religious matters. / Obviously it is not used in the normal sense of ‘to correct’ or ‘punish’, nor can it be a normal development of ʕazara ‘to reprove, blame’. The Lexicons are forced to illustrate this Qurʔānic use of the word from the Ḥadīth whose usage is obviously dependent on the Qurʔān itself (LA, vi, 237). / It thus seems probable that the verb is denominative, formed from a borrowed [Hbr] ʕēzär or ʕäzrâʰ meaning ‘help’, ‘succour’, which would have come to Muḥammad from his contact with the Jewish communities.1 . As the Hbr and Phoen ʕzr, Aram ʕdr, Syr ʕdr are cognate with the Arab ʕaḏara ‘to aid’, it is possible to consider ʕazara as a by-form of ʕaḏara, just as [Palm] ʕdr occurs, though infrequently, beside ʕzr in the Palm inscriptions,2 but the fact that it is ʕazzara and not ʕazara which means ‘to help’ is against this, and in favour of its being a denominative.«
 
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ʕZL عزل 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 1Mar2023
√ʕZL 
“root” 
▪ ʕZL_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕZL_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕZL_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to remove, to set aside, to isolate, to boycott, to part from; unarmed person, loner, weakness’ 
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ʕZM عزم 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 1Mar2023
√ʕZM 
“root” 
▪ ʕZM_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕZM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕZM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to decide, to urge, to intend, decision, resolution, resolute and stalwart’ 
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ʕZW عزو 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 1Mar2023
√ʕZW 
“root” 
▪ ʕZW_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕZW_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕZW_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘a group of people, to attribute, to ascribe, to trace back, to console, to support’ 
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ʕSR عسر 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 1Mar2023
√ʕSR 
“root” 
▪ ʕSR_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕSR_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕSR_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘left-handedness, pecuniary hardship, to be difficult, to disagree, to dispute; to be stuck; to be untamed’ 
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ʕSʕS عسعس 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 1Mar2023
√ʕSʕS 
“root” 
▪ ʕSʕS_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕSʕS_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕSʕS_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘(quadrilatiral root derived from root ʕ-s-s) wolf, hunting dog; to roam by night; to hunt by night; to seek, to go after, to stalk; (of day light) to appear, (of night darkness) to descend’ 
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ʕSL عسل 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʕSL 
“root” 
▪ ʕSL_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ʕSL_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘honey, to sweeten with honey; to slip off; to deviate’ 
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