Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Kogan2011: prob. related (with a meaning shift) to protSem *gīd‑ ‘nerve, tendon, sinew’.
▪ The Sem form goes perhaps back, via contraction (*gīd‑ < *giy˅d‑), to AfrAs *giyad‑ / *giHad‑.

▪ …

▪ DRS 2 (1994)#GYD: Akk gīd‑ ‘tendon, muscle de l’animal’, Ug *gd, Hbr gīd, JP Syr gᵉyādā, Mand giada ‘nerf, tendon’, nWAram gyoḏa ‘artère’; Syr gyādānā ‘nerveux, musculeux’, Mand gaiid ‘atteindre’, Soq žīd, Śḥr giyod ‘nerf’.¹
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#924: Akk gīdu ‘tendon; muscle’, Hbr gīd, Aram gᵉyādā ‘tendon; nerve’, Ar jīd ‘neck’, Soq žid ‘nerve’. – Outside Sem there are forms like ngiḍo, ngirya ‘neck’ in some WCh languages, as well as gaaḍya, geer, ger‑, get-im, gere ‘neck’ in ECh. Perhaps is also Som gaaddo ‘breast’ related.
▪ Kogan2011: Akk gīdu, Ug gd, Hbr gīd, Syr gyādā, Jib z˜éd, Soq žid.

1. The authors also mention Gz gayd, gāyd ‘rapide (cheval)’, Te gedä ‘se presser’, gäyyädä ‘marcher vite’. But these seem to be close to Ar ǧawād, pl. ǧiyād, ʔaǧwād ‘racing horse’ and may therefore rather belong to ↗ǦWD or, as the authors themselves suggest, ↗ʔǦD.

▪ DRS 2 (1994) reconstructs Sem *gīd‑ ‘nerf, tendon’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#924 reconstruct Sem *gīd‑ ‘tendon; muscle; nerve; neck’, WCh *n˅-giḍ‑ < *n˅-giH˅d‑ (prefix!) ‘neck’, ECh *giHad‑ ‘neck’ (Som gaaddo, if cognate, from LEC *gaHad‑ ‘breast’), all from AfrAs *giHad‑ / *giyad‑ ‘neck’. Sem *gīd‑ would be a contraction of *giy˅d‑ from the AfrAs *giyad‑. – The authors do not explain why they reduce the meaning of the AfrAs ancestor to ‘neck’ only (probably on account of the WCh and ECh evidence); however, they add that »[t]he semantic variety of Sem makes the whole comparison dubious«.
▪ Kogan2011 reconstructs Sem *gīd‑ ‘tendon, sinew’ and thinks that the value ‘neck’ in Ar is the result of a meaning shift.

–

ǦYR جير

√ǦYR

“root”

▪ ǦYR_1 ‘lime’ ↗¹ǧīr
▪ ǦYR_2 ‘surely, truly, verily (adv.)’ ↗ǧayri
▪ ǦYR_3 ‘gear’ ↗ (EgAr) ²gīr
▪ ǦYR_4 ‘neighbourhood’ : ǧīraẗ ↗ǧār (√ǦWR)
▪ ǦYR_5 ‘endorsement (fin.)’ ↗ǧīrū

▪ Out of the 4 values DRS registers for Sem GYR, only the first two are represented in Ar (corresponding to ǦYR_1 and ǦYR_2). The first has perh. entered Ar via Aram, while the second prob. has gone the other way, from Ar to Aram. ǦYR_3 and ǦYR_5 are loan words from Engl and It, respectively, while ǦYR_4 actually belongs to ǦWR.

–

▪ DRS 2 (1994)#GYR-1 Hbr gīr, BiblAram JudPal gīrā, Ar ǧīr ‘chaux’, SAr gyr ‘chaux’; ‘crépir’; Gz gayyara ‘enduire de chaux’. -2 Syr gēr, Ar ǧayri, ǧayriⁿ ‘assurément, certainement’. -3 JudPal gīr, gīrā, girᵉrā, Syr gērā ‘flèche, lance, projectile’. -4 PehlAram gyry ‘myrte’.

▪ ǦYR_1 ǧīr ‘lime’ : prob. from Aram gīrā ‘id.’, perh. akin to Akk kīru (kēru) ‘kiln (for lime and bitumen’. For details cf. ↗ǧīr.
▪ ǦYR_2 ǧayri ‘surely, truly, verily (adv.)’ : etymology obscure.
▪ ǦYR_3 EgAr gīr ‘gear’ : < Engl gear.
▪ ǦYR_4 ǧīraẗ ‘neighbourhood’ : < *ǧiwraẗ (√ǦWR), akin to ↗ǧār ‘neighbour, protected stranger’.
▪ ǦYR_5 ǧīrū ‘endorsement (fin.)’ : < It giro . For details cf. ↗ǧīrū.

–

Permanent link

http://www2.hf.uio.no/common/apps/permlink/permlink.php?app=polyglotta&context=ctext&uid=d806e339-06ff-11ee-937a-005056a97067

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages

Choose display