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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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yatīm يَتِيم , pl. ʔaytām , yatāmà 
ID … • Sw – • BP 3236 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√YTM 
¹adj.; ²n. 
1 n., orphan. – 2 adj., unique of its kind, unequaled, unmatched, incomparable. – 3 single, sole, one only, isolated – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Kogan2011: from protWSem *yat˅m‑ ‘orphan’.
▪ … 
lC6 ʕAntara b. Šaddād 130,10 taḍuǧǧu ’l-nisāʔu min ḫīfati ’l-sabyi wa-tabkī ʕalà ’l-ṣiġāri ’l-yatāmà ‘the women cry out of fear of being taken captive and they weep over (the destiny of) the little orphans’ (Polosin1995)
▪ eC7 Ḥuṭayʔa 31,1: ʔinnahū ṯimālu ’l-yatāmà ʕiṣmatun fī ’l-mahāliki ‘he is the refuge/support of the orphans (and) a defender in the state of perdition’ (Polosin1995)
▪ eC7 Q 6:152 wa-lā taqrabū māla ’l-yatīmi ʔillā bi-’llatī hiya ʔaḥsanu ‘and do not come near the property of the orphan except with the best [of intentions] until they reach their strength’ (Badawi2008) 
▪ DRS 10 (2012)#YTM–1 Ug Phn ytm, Hbr yātōm, TargAram yatōmā, Syr yatmā, Mhr (ḥə-)ytim, Jib otim, Soq äʔthim ‘orphelin’.1 –2 Ar yatima ‘être las, fatigué’.
▪ Kogan2011: (Ug Hbr Syr as in DRS, the modSAr forms in slightly different transliteration:) Mhr ḥə-ytīm, Jib ótím, Soq ɛ́ʔtim ‘orphan’. 
▪ Kogan2011 reconstructs WSem *yat˅m‑ ‘orphan’, but not without adding that although the root is usually thought to be missing from Akk and Eth, one has perhaps to compare Akk watmu ‘small young animal or man’ and Sod tamʷyä ‘orphan’.
▪ The value ‘be tired, unable to continue with s.th.’ is attested only in ClassAr and may have to be treated separately.
▪ In contrast, ‘(to be) unique, incomparable’ and ‘(to be) single, sole, isolated’ are interpreted here as extensions of ‘orphan’. 
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► malǧaʔ al-ʔaytām and dār al-ʔaytām, n., orphanage.

► yatama i, yatuma u, and yatima a, vb. I, to be or become an orphan, be bereaved of one’s parents: denom.1
► ʔaytama, vb. IV, to orphan, deprive of his parents (s.o.): caus.
► tayattama, vb. V, = I.
► yatm, var. yutm, yatam, n., orphanhood: vn. I.
► maytam, pl. mayātimᵘ, n., orphanage: n.loc.
► muyattam, adj., orphaned, parentless: PP II; n., orphan: nominalization 

YḤMR يحمر 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√YḤMR 
“root” 
▪ YḤMR_1 ‘roebuck’ ↗yaḥmūr (s.r. ↗ḤMR). 
↗yaḥmūr s.r. ↗ḤMR. 
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↗yaḥmūr (s.r. ↗ḤMR). 
▪ …
▪ … 
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YD يد 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√YD 
“root” 
▪ YD_1 ‘hand’ ↗yad
▪ YD_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘hand, palm, forearm, handle, to be handy, possession; unity, power, assistance; to give, favour; to have influence on others; to scatter’ 
↗yad 
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▪ …
▪ … 
▪ …
▪ … 
▪ Engl iota, jot, yodh, akin to Ar ↗yad. 
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