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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ǧanāḥ جَناح , pl. ʔaǧniḥaẗ, ʔaǧnuḥ
 
ID – • Sw – • BP 2000 • APD … • © SG | 13Apr2023, last update 21May2023
√ǦNḤ 
n. 
1 wing (of a bird, of an airplane, of a building, of an army); 2a side; b flank – WehrCowan1976
 
▪ Ar ǧanāḥ ‘wing; side, flank’ is a reflexion of a Sem word that Militarev&Kogan2005 (SED I #86) reconstruct (with some reluctance) as Sem *ganaḥ- ‘chest with upper arm/wing’ (< AfrAs *g˅n˅ḥ- ‘arm/leg; wing’). If their reconstruction is valid, ǧanāḥ has preserved one of the aspects of the Sem etymon (in [v1] ‘wing’) while the notion of ‘chest’ underwent semantic change, becoming *‘side of the chest where an arm/wing is’, then finally [v2] ‘side, flank’. In contrast, original *‘chest’ lives on in ↗ǧāniḥaẗ ‘rib; bosom’.
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▪ DRS 3 (1993) #GNḤ-1-2 .... -3 Ar ǧanāḥ ‘aile, bord, côté’, ǧinḥ ‘bord, côté’, ǧunḥ ‘crépuscule’, ǧanaḥa ‘(se) pencher, s’incliner, décliner’, Jib génaḥ ‘aile’, Mhr agonəḥ ‘voler’, Soq ganḥ ‘côté’.
▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #86: Ar ǧanāḥ, ǧāniḥaẗ, Soq ganḥ. | Outside Sem: Eg ḏnḥ (Pyr) ‘wing’, (18th Dyn) ‘leg or part of it’. Also related may be certain terms meaning ‘hand/arm’, ‘foot/leg’ and ‘wing’ in those Cush, Omot and Chad languages which do not differenciate between AfrAs *-ḥ and *-ʕ and are usually united under AfrAs *ga/in(a)ʕ- ‘hand’; the last may be eventually related to the present entry as a variant root.
 
▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #86: Reconstruction of Sem etymon is questionable. Anatomic terms valid for comparison are scarcely attested only in Ar and Soq where it can be an Ar loan. Cf. Mhr agōnəḥ ‘to fly’, likely related; Jib gɛ́naḥ ‘wing’ is an Arabism, according to Johnstone. The protSem reconstruction is, however, supported by the existence of an AfrAs (Eg) parallel.
 
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►ʔanā fī ǧanāḥi-h, expr., I am under his protection;
►ʕalà ǧanāḥ al-ʔaṯīr, expr., over the ether, by radio;
►ʕalà ǧanāḥ al-surʕaẗ, expr., with winged haste

 ►ǧannaḥa, vb. II, to provide (s.th.) with wings, lend wings (to s.th.): D-stem, denom. from ǧanāḥ
►ǧāniḥ, n., side, flank, wing
►muǧannaḥ, adj., winged: PP II, denom. from ǧinḥ or ǧāniḥ

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧanaḥa, ↗ǧinḥ, ↗ǧunḥ, ↗ǧunāḥ, and ↗ǧāniḥaẗ, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗ǦNḤ.
 
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