Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Together with vb. V (↗taqarrà), the vb. X ĭstaqrà and its derivations are the last remnants of what in ClassAr is still a larger semantic complex (‘to follow up, search, investigate’) which may be fig. use of an original value ‘to travel across the country, strive from place to place’ (in search for water?).
▪ Relation to other items of ↗√QRW and/or ↗√QRY not clear.

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▪ Dictionaries are not clear about where vbs. V and X belong. Some group them under QRW, others under QRY, yet others show a doubling.
▪ EtymArab follows Wehr (and the majority of ClassAr dictionaries) in making the item dependent on ↗QRW_3 ‘to approach s.o.; to betake o.s., wend o.’s way, turn to’, as attested in ClassAr ^†qarā, u (qarw) ‘to tend to, go to; travel from one country to another; follow up a thing with perseverance’ and vb. VIII ^†ĭqtarà ‘to strive after with perseverance’.
▪ However, semantics would not exclude a derivation from ↗QRY_2 ‘village, small town’ (↗qaryaẗ) or ↗QRY_4 ‘to flow together; place where water (or juice etc.) flows together; bassin, reservoir, pool, etc.’ (both ultimately from a WSem *QR or *QRY ‘to come together, meet’). If from qaryaẗ, the original meaning would be ‘to travel from one settlement to another, strive the country for places’, perhaps in search of a place where one might be received hospitably (↗QRY_1). If from ‘to flow together’, it would be derived as ‘to strive the country in search of places where water collects’.

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► ĭstiqrāʔ, n., study (of s.th.), investigation, exploration: vn. X; induction (philos.): specialization as term.techn.; see also under ↗qaraʔa.
► ĭstiqrāʔī, adj., inductive (philos.): nsb-adj from vn. X in its specialized meaning.

QRY قري

√QRY

“root”

▪ QRY_1 ‘to receive hospitably, entertain’ : ↗qarà
▪ QRY_2 ‘village, small town’ : ↗qaryaẗ
▪ QRY_3 ‘yard (naut.)’ : ↗qariyyaẗ

In addition to these values, ClassAr has also:

▪ ^†QRY_4 ‘to flow together; place where water (or juice etc.) flows together; bassin, reservoir, pool, trough, cup’
▪ ^†QRY_5 ‘(kind of auspicious bird); hence good omen; generous person’
▪ ^†QRY_6 ‘to collect, store’
▪ ^†QRY_7 ‘to travel across the country, perambulate (in search or pursuit of s.th.)’
▪ ^†QRY_8 ‘to follow with o.’s eyes, observe’
▪ There is also partial overlapping with ↗QRW.

Not related but loanword:
↗qayrawān ‘caravan’.

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘hole in the root of a palm tree where the sap collects; to offer hospitality; to travel; to investigate; to collect, to store; village, town, city’

▪ With Huehnergard2011, we tend to trace [v1] through [v6] back to a WSem *QR(Y) ‘to come together, meet’, while [v7] and [v8] seem to depend more on Ar √QRW ‘to approach, turn to, follow’. But given the many overlappings of QRW and QRY, the situation is not at all clear. QRY_2 ‘village, small town’ (qaryaẗ) and QRY_3 ‘yard (naut.)’ (qariyyaẗ) may be inner-Sem borrowings (Ar < Syr).

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▪ BDB1906: Hbr qārā ‘to encounter, meet, befall’, cf. also qārā̈h ‘chance, accident’, qərī ‘misfortune, (specif.) (nightly) pollution’ (so also Aram qiryūṯā, Syr qeryā).

▪ Previous research regards both Ar qaryaẗ ‘village, small town’ [v2] and qariyyaẗ ‘yard (naut.)’ [v3] as loans from Syr, while it remains silent on the complex of ‘treating a guest, receiving hospitably’ [v1].
▪ A look into dictionaries of ClassAr makes clear that given the large semantic variety within √QRY (and the partially overlapping ↗√QRW), we are obviously dealing with a very old root and therefore have to reckon with a high degree of diversification and complexity.
▪ Treating items of [v2], Huehnergard2011 suggested the meaning ‘to meet’ as the basic value of a WSem vb. *qr or *qry, cf. Hbr qārā ‘to encounter, meet, befall’. BDB connects the latter to ClassAr ^†qarā, u, ‘to go, seek earnestly’ (↗QRW, ↗taqarrà, ↗ĭstaqrà) as well as to qarà, i, ‘to receive hospitably (as a guest)’ (and also Gz ʔaqāraya ‘to present, offer as a sacrifice’). Should this be correct, then both [v1] and [v2] would derive from this notion of ‘meeting, coming together’: ‘hospitality’ as s.th. that is (to be) applied when people ‘meet’, and ‘village, town’ as a place where people come together. [v3] ‘yard’ (of a sailship), too, has been interpreted as ultimately going back to the idea of beams or planks ‘meeting’ each other (↗qariyyaẗ).
▪ ClassAr also has the notion of ‘to meet’, though only in the specialized form of [v4] ‘water running down a hill and collecting (= meeting) in a meadow’, or ‘hole in the root of a palm tree where the sap collects (i.e., meets)’. Cf. also:¹ ^†qarà, i, ‘to collect water in a reservoir’, ^†qiran, ‑à, ‘eau recueillie et ramassée dans le réservoir’, ^†muqtarin, ‑ī, ‘s.o. who collects water in a reservoir’² , ^†qariyy (pl. quryān) ‘endroit au bas d’une hauteur où s’amasse l’eau qui descend des hauteurs; canal, ruisseau par lequel l’eau descend des collines’,³ ^†maqran, ‑à, ‘lieu où l’on ramasse l’eau, réservoir’, ^†miqrāẗ ‘grand réservoir d’eau’. To this complex belongs also (usually assigned to ↗QRW, not QRY) the n. ^†qarw (pl. ʔaqrāʔ, ʔaqrin / ‑ī, ʔaqruwaẗ, quriyy) ‘abreuvoir, bassin; long water vessel approached by camels / for camel foals;⁴ tuyau ou conduit par lequel s’écoule le suc du raisin exprimé dans le pressoir / outlet of a wine-press; tronc de palmier creusé dans lequel on fait du vin; espèce d’ auge faite d’un tronc de palmier; vase à boire, coupe; petite auge dans laquelle on donne à boire aux chiens / trough to feed dogs’, and perhaps also [v5] ^†qāriyaẗ, qāriyyaẗ ‘sorte d’oiseau aux jambes courtes, au bec long et au plumage du dos vert, qui présage la pluie’ (= *‘the one making the clouds meet and rain’?).⁵ . As another kind of ‘flowing together’ (= meeting) could be conceived the n. ^†qarw ‘gonflement du scrotum / hydrocele, hernia, orchiocele/scrotal hernia’.⁶
▪ From the intr. ‘flowing together / meeting’ may be the more general trans. [v6] *‘to collect, store’, as in the vb. ^†qarà, i, ‘to chew the cud, have an inflated cheek from storing the cud in the mouth (camel)’ and the n. (usually derived from QRW) ^†qaran, ‑ā (pl. ʔaqrāʔ) ‘courge vidée dans laquelle on conserve des mets’.
▪ ClassAr also has the PA I f. ^†qāriyaẗ with the meaning ‘settlement’ and this is explained as al-miṣr al-jāmiʕ ‘the city/town that brings together, collects, unites (sc. people)’, i.e., derived from [v6]. Should this be, against all previous assumptions, the etymon of qaryaẗ (qāriyaẗ > *qā̆ryaẗ > qaryaẗ)? The same would of course be thinkable if qāriyaẗ was not *‘the one (sc. settlement) that brings together’ but (from [v1]) *‘the hospitable one, (settlement) that receives strangers hospitably’.
▪ [v1] ‘hospitality’ itself is perhaps not from [v4] *‘to meet’ but from ‘bowl’ (i.e., *‘to entertain a guest with s.th. to drink, offered to him in a bowl’).
▪ [v7] and [v8] are treated as belonging to ↗QRW_3 rather than to QRY.

1. French as in Kazimirski, Engl as in Steingass1894 and Badawi2008). 2. ‘человек, собирающий воду в водоём’ – Ḥuṭayʔa 28,1 yā ǧafnatan… malʔà… ka-ḥawḍi ’l-muqtarī (Polosin1995). 3. Cf. Polosin1995: ручей, стекающий с возвышенности на луг (brook flowing down from a hill to a meadow), eC7 Ḥuṭayʔa 2,2 bi-mustaʔsidi ’l-quryāni ḥuwwin nabātuhū. 4. ? Hence also : ‘wide land that is difficult to cross’. 5. Hence also ‘précurseur (du bien), et homme généreux dont l’arrivée présage des dons, comme l’apparition de l’oiseau qāriy(y)aẗ présage la pluie’. 6. Usually grouped under ↗QRW. – Cf. also the denom. vb.s ^†qarā, u, ‘se gonfler / to swell, être enflé (se dit du scrotum affecté d’un hydrocèle ou d’un sarcocèle)’, and vb. X ^†ĭstaqrà ‘être rempli, gonflé de pus (se dit d’un abcès)’.

▪ Engl n.geogr. Carthage ↗qaryaẗ) (and ↗ḥadīṯ).

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