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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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BṬL بطل 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021, last updated 3Mar2023
√BṬL 
“root” 
▪ BṬL_1 ‘to be(come) null, void, invalid, false, etc.; to cease, stop, be discontinued; to be inactive, be out of work’ ↗baṭala
▪ BṬL_2 ‘hero; brave’ ↗baṭal
▪ BṬL_ ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘falsehood, vanity; void, futile, untrue, to be false, to nullify; to be idle, idleness’ – 
▪ BṬL_1 : …
▪ BṬL_2 : …
▪ BṬL_ : …
 
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▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BṬL-1 Akk baṭālu ‘tirer à sa fin, cesser; être sans travail’; Hbr *bāṭal (3pl. bāṭlū) ‘être sans travail’; nHbr ʔabṭālā ‘désœuvrement, indolence, frivolité’, bāṭel ‘être aboli’; JP Syr bᵊṭēl ‘cesser, finir; être sans travail’; Mnd bṭil ‘devenir inutile’; nSyr Ur *mabṭil ‘faire chômer’; Aysor bāṭil ‘être inoccupé’; Ar baṭala ‘être réduit à rien; être sans travail’; MġrAr bāṭil ‘gratis; injustement’; Śḥr bṭol ‘anéantir’; Soq bṭl ‘être enflammé’, šbṭl (caus.) ‘être désert’; Mhr habṭóul (caus.) ‘anéantir’; Gz baṭala ‘être inutile, vain; cesser, être aboli’; Te bätlä ‘être vain, inutile’; Amh bäṭṭälä ‘être gâté’, bəṭul ‘incorrect’, abäṭällälä ‘déprécier, mépriser’. -?2 Ar baṭal ‘intrépide, héroïque’, baṭula ‘être héroïque’ -?3 Syr bāṭlē ‘objet gravé, ciselé’; Amh bäṭṭälä ‘couper’, abṭäläṭṭälä ‘déchirer’, bəṭəlṭəl alä ‘être déchiré’.
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baṭal- بَطَلَ , a (buṭl, buṭlān) 
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 4Oct2022
√BṬL 
vb., I 
1a to be or become null, void, invalid, false, untenable, vain, futile, worthless; b to be abolished, fall into disuse, become obsolete; c to cease, stop, be discontinued; d to be inactive, be out of work – WehrCowen1976 
▪ … 
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▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BṬL-1 Akk baṭālu ‘tirer à sa fin, cesser; être sans travail’; Hbr *bāṭal (3pl bāṭlū) ‘être sans travail’; nHbr ʔabṭālā ‘désœuvrement, indolence, frivolité’, bāṭel ‘être aboli’; JP Syr bᵊṭēl ‘cesser, finir; être sans travail’; Mnd bṭil ‘devenir inutile’; nSyr Ur *mabṭil ‘faire chômer’; Aysor bāṭil ‘être inoccupé’; Ar baṭala ‘être réduit à rien; être sans travail’; MġrAr bāṭil ‘gratis; injustement’; Śḥr bṭol ‘anéantir’; Soq bṭl ‘être enflammé’, šbṭl (caus.) ‘être désert’; Mhr habṭóul (caus.) ‘anéantir’; Gz baṭala ‘être inutile, vain; cesser, être aboli’; Te bätlä ‘être vain, inutile’; Amh bäṭṭälä ‘être gâté’, bəṭul ‘incorrect’, abäṭällälä ‘déprécier, mépriser’. -?2 Ar baṭal ‘intrépide, héroïque’, baṭula ‘être héroïque’ -?3 Syr bāṭlē ‘objet gravé, ciselé’; Amh bäṭṭälä ‘couper’, abṭäläṭṭälä ‘déchirer’, bəṭəlṭəl alä ‘être déchiré’.
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►baṭṭala, vb. II, 1a to thwart, foil, frustrate, make ineffective, counteract, neutralize, nullify, invalidate (s. th.); b to abolish, cancel, annul, suppress (s.th.): D-stem, caus.
►ʔabṭala, vb. IV, 1a = II; b to paralyze, immobilize, hold down, pin down (the opponent); 2 to talk idly, prattle: *Š-stem, ¹caus., ²denom.

►buṭl, n., 1a nullity; b uselessness, futility, vanity; 2 falsity, falseness, untruth: vn. I
►BP#2357biṭālaẗ, var. baṭālaẗ, n.f., 1 idleness, inactivity; 2 free time, time off, holidays, vacations; 3 unemployment
►baṭṭāl, pl. -ūn, adj., 1 idle, inactive; 2 unemployed, out of work: ints. formation
►buṭlān, n., 1a nullity; b uselessness, futility, vanity; 2 falsity, untruth; 3 invalidity
►ʔibṭāl, n., 1 thwarting, frustration, invalidation; 2 ruin, destruction; 3 abolition, cancellation: vn. IV
►BP#2674bāṭil, adj., n., 1 nugatory, vain, futile; 2 false, untrue; 3 absurd, groundless, baseless; 4 worthless; 5 invalid, null, void; 6 deception, lie, falsehood; 7 pl. ʔabāṭīlᵘ, vanities, trivialities, trifles, flimflam, idle talk, prattle: PA I
►bāṭilᵃⁿ, var. bi-l-bāṭil, adv., 1 falsely; 2 futilely, in vain
►mubṭil, n., 1 prattler, windbag; 2 liar: PA IV
►mubṭal, adj., nugatory, futile, vain: PP IV
►mutabaṭṭil, adj., unemployed: PA V

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗baṭal and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√BṬL. 
baṭal بَطَل , pl. ʔabṭāl 
ID 082 • Sw – • BP 871 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021, last update 4Oct2022
√BṬL 
n. 
1, adj., brave, heroic; 2a, n., hero; b champion, pioneer; c hero, protagonist (of a narrative, etc.), lead, star (of a play); d champion (athlet.) – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Rolland2014a: of obscure etymology. Monteil reported about a hypothetical Mongolian origin. Rajki ignores the question. In any case, it would be hard to connect ‘hero, champion’ to the Sem root BṬL ‘void, nullity, uselessness’. Personal hypothesis: perh. related to medieval vulgLat battalia, battualia ‘escrime’, from lLat batt-ere ‘to beat’ (cf. battle, Fr bataille), of unknown origin.
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▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BṬL-1 Akk baṭālu ‘tirer à sa fin, cesser; être sans travail’; Hbr *bāṭal (3pl bāṭlū) ‘être sans travail’; nHbr ʔabṭālā ‘désœuvrement, indolence, frivolité’, bāṭel ‘être aboli’; JP Syr bᵊṭēl ‘cesser, finir; être sans travail’; Mnd bṭil ‘devenir inutile’; nSyr Ur *mabṭil ‘faire chômer’; Aysor bāṭil ‘être inoccupé’; Ar baṭala ‘être réduit à rien; être sans travail’; MġrAr bāṭil ‘gratis; injustement’; Śḥr bṭol ‘anéantir’; Soq bṭl ‘être enflammé’, šbṭl (caus.) ‘être désert’; Mhr habṭóul (caus.) ‘anéantir’; Gz baṭala ‘être inutile, vain; cesser, être aboli’; Te bätlä ‘être vain, inutile’; Amh bäṭṭälä ‘être gâté’, bəṭul ‘incorrect’, abäṭällälä ‘déprécier, mépriser’. -?2 Ar baṭal ‘intrépide, héroïque’, baṭula ‘être héroïque’ -?3 Syr bāṭlē ‘objet gravé, ciselé’; Amh bäṭṭälä ‘couper’, abṭäläṭṭälä ‘déchirer’, bəṭəlṭəl alä ‘être déchiré’.
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►baṭal al-ʕālam, n., world champion

 ►baṭula, u (baṭālaẗ, buṭūlaẗ), vb. I, to be brave, be heroic, be a hero: denom. (?)

►baṭalaẗ, n.f., 1a heroine (of a narrative), female lead, star (of a play); b woman champion (athlet.): f. of baṭal
►baṭālaẗ, n.f., bravery, valor, heroism: vn. I
►BP#616buṭūlaẗ, n.f., 1 bravery, valor, heroism; 2a leading role, starring role (theater, film); b championship (athlet.): vn. I | ~ al-ʕālamiyyaẗ and ~ al-ʕālam, n.f., world championship (athlet.); dawr al-~, n., the part or role of the hero, leading role

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗baṭala and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√BṬL. 
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