Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ BHR_1 ‘to glitter, shine; dazzle, overwhelm’ ↗bahara
▪ BHR_2 ‘to gasp for air, pant, be exhausted’ ↗buhr
▪ BHR_3 ‘narcisses’ ↗^†bahār_1
▪ BHR_4 ‘spice’ ↗bahār_2
▪ BHR_5 ‘leather bag’ ↗^†buhār
▪ BHR_6 ‘centre, middle’ ↗buhraẗ
▪ BHR_7 ‘aorta’ ↗ʔabharᵘ

▪ BHR_1 ‘to glitter, shine; dazzle, overwhelm’: perhaps an extension in ‑r »pre-Proto-Semitic« (Ehret) *bh ‘to sneak up on and surprise’, from AfrAs *‑bâh‑ ‘to go secretively’. – Cf. also ↗√BHT, ↗√BHW/Y, ↗√BRQ, ↗√ṬHR.
▪ BHR_2 ‘to gasp for air, pant, be exhausted’: akin to BHL ? Dependent on BHR_1 ?
▪ BHR_3 ‘narcisses’: from Pers bahār ‘spring’ ?
▪ BHR_4 ‘spice’: akin to ^†ʕabhar ‘styrax’?
▪ BHR_5 ‘leather bag’: < Copt ?
▪ BHR_6 ‘centre, middle’: ?
▪ BHR_7 ‘aorta’: related to BHR_6 ‘centre, middle’ ?

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See entries (as in NUTSHELL section, above).

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bahar‑ بهر , a (bahr)

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√BHR

vb., I

1 to glitter, shine. – 2 to dazzle, overwhelm – WehrCowan1979.

▪ …

▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BHR-1: Akk buʔār‑ ‘prospérité, santé’¹ , Hbr bāhīr‑ ‘brillant (?)’,² nHbr bihēr ‘briller’, bāhōr ‘blanc, brillant’, JP ša-bhar ‘briller, glorifier’, Syr ša-bhar ‘glorifier’, šū-bhārā ‘gloire, orgueil’, Mand bhʔr (mod.), behar, bar ‘éclairer (?), briller’, NSyr bāhir ‘briller’, bāhrā, bārā ‘lumière’, bāhrānā, bārānā ‘brillant, lumineux’, *(m)bāhrin ‘être clair’, Ar bahara ‘briller, l’emporter en beauté’, bahr‑ ‘éclat de beauté’; ? Tña bəhar, bahar ‘grand, fort’, Te bäharat ‘qui poussent, germent’, Syr bāhrā, būhrā ‘crépuscule’, bahīrā, bahūrā(yā) ‘un peu obscur’; Akk biʔār‑ , Hbr baheret, JP bahartā ‘tache blanche sur la peau’.

1. Peut être à rattacher à √bʔr. 2. The Hbr sense, which perhaps is an Aramaism, is not secured. (+ further details).

▪ Lane I 1863 considers [v2] as the primary one: ‘to overcome, overpower, subdue’, hence ‘to shine brightly’, the link being expressions like baharat-i ‘l-šamsu ‘-ʔarḍa ‘the light of the sun overspread the earth’.
▪ Any connection to BHR_2 ‘to gasp for air, pant, be exhausted’? Exhaustion and panting could be the result of BHR_1.
▪ If so, then Ehret1995#5 may be relevant here: Ar bahr ‘astonishment’ (hence ‘to dazzle, overcome, subdue’? – SG). The latter is interpreted as an extension in »diffusive« *‑r ¹ from a bi-consonantal »pre-Proto-Semitic« (pPS, i.e. preSem) root *BH- ‘to sneak up on and surprise’ < AfrAs *‑bâh‑ ‘to go secretively’. – Other extensions from the same pre-Sem root: ↗√BHT • premodSAr bhɮ.
▪ Cf. also ↗√BHW/Y, ↗√BRQ, ↗√ṬHR.

1. Cf. Ehret1995_Verbext.

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► buhira, vb. I, pass., to be out of breath, to pant: probably not belonging to BHR_1 but to BHR_2, cf. separate entry ↗buhr.
► ʔabhara, vb. IV, to glitter, shine; to dazzle, overwhelm:
► ĭnbahara, vb. VII, to be dazzled, blinded; to be smitten with blindness: pass. – For another meaning ↗buhr.
► ĭbtahara, vb. VIII, to flaunt, parade, show off, present in a dazzling light (bi‑ s.th.):.
► bahr, n., deception, dazzlement
► bahraẗ, n.f., being dazzled, dazzlement
► ʔabharᵘ, adj., more brilliant, more magnificent
► ĭbtihār, n., dazzling display, show (bi‑ of s.th.)
► bāhir, adj., dazzling, brilliant, splendid

For other items of the same root, cf. ↗√BHR.

buhr بُهْر

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√BHR

difficult respiration, labored breathing – WehrCowan1979.

▪ BHR_2 ‘to gasp for air, pant, be exhausted’: an extension in ‑r going back, ultimately, to AfrAs *‑bâh‑ ‘to go secretively’?

▪ …

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▪ DRS 2 (1994) lists Ar ^†bahira ‘haleter, être exténué’ as an item distinct from #BHR-1 ‘to glitter, shine’. No reasons given.
▪ But isn’t BHR_2 simply a semantic extension of BHR_1, showing the effect/result or a similarity (‘to be exhausted, to gasp for air, pant’ because one is, or like s.o. who is, dazzled, overcome, or overwhelmed by the glittering of s.th.)? Form VII, ĭnbahara, can have both meanings: 1. to be dazzled, blinded; to be smitten with blindness; 2. to be out of breath – are we dealing with a root merger here, or is ‘panting’ a resultative extension of ‘dazzlement’?
▪ Ehret1995#5 (bahr astonishment): an extension in »diffusive« *‑r ² from a bi-consonantal »pre-Proto-Semitic« (pPS, i.e. preSem) root *bh ‘to sneak up on and surprise’ < AfrAs *‑bâh‑ ‘to go secretively’. – Other extensions from the same pre-Sem root: ↗√BHT • premodSAr bhɮ.

2. Cf. Ehret1995_Verbext

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Cf. also
► buhira, vb. I, pass., to be out of breath, to pant.
► ĭnbahara, vb. VII, to be dazzled, blinded; to be smitten with blindness; to be out of breath:.
► mabhūr, adj., breathless, out of breath, panting: PP I.

buhraẗ بُهْرة

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√BHR

n.f.

middle, center – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Not mentioned in DRS 2 (1994).
▪ Relation to other items of ↗√BHR unclear.

▪ …

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► ʔabharᵘ, n., aorta: from buhraẗ (aorta = that which is at the center) – or vice versa?

ʔabharᵘ أبْهرُ

√BHR

aorta (anat.) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Not mentioned in DRS 2 (1994).
▪ Relation to other items of ↗√BHR unclear.

▪ …

–?

▪ …
▪ …

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► buhraẗ, n.f., middle, center: akin to ʔabharᵘ (aorta = that which is at the center) – or vice versa?

¹bahār (†) بهار

√BHR

a certain plant, of sweet odour, the plant called ʕarār which is also called ʕayn al-baqar (buphthalmum, or ox-eye), the bahār al-barr, a crisping or curling plant having a yellow flower, growing in the days of the spring; perfume; (and hence also:) flowers of the desert; anything goodly, beautiful, and bright, or shining – Lane I (1863). narcisse, narcissus tagetta L. – Dozy I (1881).

▪ From Pers bahār ‘spring’?
▪ Relations with other items of ↗√BHR unlikely.

▪ …

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▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BHR-3: »iran. ? bahār ‘printemps’?« (following Blachère, Dictionnaire)
▪ Probably no relation with other items of ↗√BHR.

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²bahār بهار , pl. ‑āt

√BHR

spice – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Akin to ^†ʕabhar ‘styrax’?
▪ Obviously unrelated to other items of ↗√BHR.

▪ …

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▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BHR-4: »bahār‑, buhār‑ ‘poivre, épices. […] En relation avec ^†ʕabhar ‘styrax’? (v. Pérès, Poésie andaluse 170)«
▪ Evidently unrelated to other items of ↗√BHR.

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^†buhār بُهار

√BHR

a certain thing with which one weighs; the weight of three hundred / […] a thousand pounds / (one half of) a load borne by a camel; a camel-load of household-goods or furniture and utensils; commodities, utensils, of the sea; or, of merchants; […] a receptible (?) – Lane I (1863). Sac fait de peau de veau, sac fait de la peau du cou du chameau – Dozy I (1881)

▪ Relation to other items of √BHR unclear (if not to be excluded at all). Perhaps a loan from Copt?

▪ …

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▪ Lane I (1863): in the meaning ‘weight of three hundred pounds’ thought by A'Obeyd to be not Ar, but Copt (Ṣ), having this signification in Copt (JK), but thought by Az to be pure Ar.
▪ DRS 2 (1994), s.v. bhr _5: < copt. ?

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