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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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†buhār بُهار 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√BHR 
n. 
a certain thing with which one weighs; the weight of three hundred / […] a thousand pounds / (one half of) a load borne by a camel; a camel-load of household-goods or furniture and utensils; commodities, utensils, of the sea; or, of merchants; […] a receptible (?) – Lane I (1863). Sac fait de peau de veau, sac fait de la peau du cou du chameau – Dozy I (1881) 
▪ Relation to other items of √BHR unclear (if not to be excluded at all). Perhaps a loan from Copt? 
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▪ Lane I (1863): in the meaning ‘weight of three hundred pounds’ thought by A'Obeyd to be not Ar, but Copt (Ṣ), having this signification in Copt (JK), but thought by Az to be pure Ar.
▪ DRS 2 (1994), s.v. bhr _5: < copt. ?
 
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BHL بهل 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 5Mar2023
√BHL 
“root” 
▪ BHL_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ BHL_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ BHL_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to leave an animal unattended, eglect; to be without a husband; to chase out; to curse, invoke God’s wrath; to swear one’s innocence; to pray eagerly’ 
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BHM بهم 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√BHM 
“root” 
The root displays a variety of meanings that, at first sight, seem to be unconnected:
▪ BHM_1 ‘(to be) obscure, dark, cryptic’ ↗bahīm
▪ BHM_2 ‘animal, quadruped, lamb, sheep, cattle’ ↗bahīmaẗ
▪ BHM_3 ‘thumb; big toe’ ↗ʔibhām_2‑ .
Nevertheless, WehrCowan1979 treats all in one entry. In contrast, EtymArab follows (most of) the disctinctions made in DRS 2 (1994).

▪ Cf. BAH2008: ‘four-footed animals; to be dumb; obscure, unintelligible; to be dark; unmarked’ 
While BHM_2 ‘animal, quadruped, lamb, sheep, cattle’ may be dependent on BHM_1 (with the original value of ‘unable to speak, dumb’, cf. Huehnergard2011: WSem *√BHM ‘to be dumb’), animals being those who are unable to speak, a connection of these two values with BHM_3 ‘thumb, toe’ seems highly unlikely. 
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▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BHM-1: Ar ʔabham ‘qui ne sait pas parler: barbare, étranger’, Gz bəhām, bəhum ‘muet’, bəhma ‘être muet’, Tña Te bähamä ‘être muet’.
▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BHM-2: Ug bhmt ‘bétail, vaches’, Hbr bᵉhēmā ‘animal’, EmpAram bhmyth (?), bhmth (?) ‘bétail’, Mand bʔhymʔ ‘âne’, Ar bahmaẗ ‘agneau, chevreau, veau’, bahīmaẗ ‘bête, animal’, Tham bhm (pl.) ‘agneaux’, MġrAr bhīm ‘âne’; Ar buhmaẗ ‘obscurité, ténèbres; bloc de pierre’.
▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BHM/N: Akk ubān‑ ‘doigt’, Hbr bōhen, Ar ʔibhām, dial bihām, bāhim, Mhr hābīn ‘pouce’. 
▪ For BHM_1 cf. also ↗BǦM, ↗BKM, ↗BLM.

▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BHM: BHM_2, for which Sem *bahīmat‑ ‘animal, cattle’ can be reconstructed, »dépend vraisemblablement de [BHM_]1, même si, comme le pense Jeffery1938, Ar bahīmaẗ est un empr. à l’Hbr.«
▪ »Une reconstruction de la forme proto-Sem reste problématique« (is it BHM or BHN?).

▪ Assigning Ar buhmaẗ ‘obscurité, ténèbres; bloc de pierre’ to BHM_2 ‘animal, cattle’ seems not really plausible; why not to BHM_1 ‘unable to speak, dumb, mute’? – SG
 

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