Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ṮRW/Y_1 ‘to become wealthy’ ↗ṯariya, ‘fortune, wealth’ ↗ṯarwaẗ
▪ ṮRW/Y_2 ‘Pleiades; chandelier’ ↗ṯurayyā
▪ ṮRW/Y_3 ‘moist earth; ground, soil’ ↗ṯaràⁿ (√ṮRY)
▪ ṮRW/Y_ ‘…’ ↗…

▪ [gnrl] : Ultimately, all values in this root may go back to the ‘moist earth’ and the idea of ‘soaking’ underlying [v3] and represented in MSA by Ar ↗ṯaràⁿ ‘moist earth; soil’ (here treated s.r. ↗√ṮRY), a value that is well attested in NWSem (see ↗√ṮRY). However, a transition from ‘soaking; moist earth’ (via *‘fertility’?) to ‘plentitude, richness’ is merely hypothetical, so that one may hesitate to accept a relation of this kind and rather treat the two values separately (as is done here in EtymArab), as √ṮRY ‘to soak, moisten’ etc. also may point in another direction (cf. ↗√ṬRW ‘to be fresh, juicy, moist’ < protWSem *√ṬRY ‘to be fresh, raw’).
▪ The only, though reliable and strong evidence of a deeper Sem dimension of [v1] remains Akk šarû which, with its meanings ‘rich, prosperous’ and ‘copious, luxuriant’, displays remarkable similarity to the Ar root where the notion of ‘plentitude’ (though now obsol.) goes together with that of ‘wealth, prosperity’.
▪ [v2] : The Ar term for the cluster of stars in Taurus called ‘Pleiades’, ṯurayyā, is a dimin. of the f. of the obsol. adj. ^†ṯarwān, an ints. formation in ‑ān, from ṯarīy ^†‘numerous (troops, property, wealth)’. The literal meaning is thus *‘little cluster, small group of many (stars)’. – The modern meaning ‘chandelier’ indicates a kind of “Pleiades” suspending from the ceiling and sparkling as brightly as the star cluster.
▪ …

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▪ vonSoden ii 1974, CAD: Akk šarû ‘rich, prosperous; copious, luxuriant | reich sein/werden’, mašrū ‘wealth, prosperity, riches’, Ar ṯariya, ʔaṯrà ‘reich sein’
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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–

ṯariy‑/ṯarī‑ ثَرِي , a (ṯarāʔ)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 5Feb2023

√ṮRW/Y

vb., I

to become wealthy – WehrCowan1976

▪ The idea of ‘fortune, wealth, riches’ is based on that of a more general *‘plentitude’, as is evidenced by earlier stages of the language (see below, section HIST) when ṯarā (u, ṯarāⁿ) mainly meant ‘1a être nombreux (se dit des hommes, des bestiaux, etc.); b être plus riche en troupeaux (qu’une autre tribu); c (vn. ṯarw) rendre nombreux’ (BK1860). The two values ‘plentitude’ and ‘richness, wealth’ exist alongside each other also in Akk, the only close/direct relative of the Ar vb. in Sem (see below, section COGN).
▪ Ultimately, ‘plentitude, richness’ etc., may be related (via *‘fertility’?) to the notion of ‘moisture, soaking’ etc (cf. ↗ṯaràⁿ ‘moist earth; soil’, here treated s.r. ↗√ṮRY), a value that is well attested in NWSem (see ↗√ṮRY). However, given that a transitional stage between ‘moist earth’ and ‘plentitude, richness’ is not attested, it remains a mere hypothesis. Therefore, rather than to *‘plentitude’, NWSem *‘moisture, moist earth’ etc. may be akin to protWSem *√ṬRY ‘to be fresh, raw’ (cf. Ar ↗ṭaruwa/ṭariya ‘to be\come fresh, succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild’).
▪ From *‘multitude, plentitude’, the Ar term for the cluster of stars in the constellation of Taurus called ‘Pleiades’, ↗ṯurayyā, is derived. Literally, ṯurayyā signifies a *‘little cluster, small group of many (stars)’. – The modern meaning ‘lustre, chandelier’ indicates, figuratively, a kind of “Pleiades” suspending from the ceiling and sparkling as brightly as the star cluster.
▪ …

▪ BK1860: ṯarā (u, ṯarāⁿ) ‘1a être nombreux (se dit des hommes, des bestiaux, etc.); b être plus riche en troupeaux (qu’une autre tribu); c (vn. ṯarw) rendre nombreux.
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▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

►ʔaṯrà, vb. IV, 1a intr., to become or be rich, wealthy (bi‑ or min through s.th.); b tr., to make rich, enrich: *Š-stem, ¹ᵃdenom., ¹ᵇcaus.

►ṯarīy, pl. ʔaṯriyāʔᵘ, adj., wealthy, rich: adj. formation | ṯarīy al-ḥarb, adj./n., war profiteer, nouveau riche
►^BP#1743ṯarwaẗ, n.f., and ṯarāʔ, n., fortune, wealth, riches: (quasi-)vn. I | ʔahl al-ṯarwaẗ, the rich, the wealthy; ṯarwaẗ qawmiyyaẗ, national wealth; ṯarwaẗ māʔiyyaẗ, abundance of water, abundant supply of water (of a region)
►ṯurayyā, n.f., 1 Pleiades; 2 (also ṯariyyaẗ), pl. ṯurayyāt, chandelier: dimin. of ^†ṯarwà, f. of ^†ṯarwān, ints. formation in ‑ān, from ṯarīy ^†‘nombreux (troupeau, biens)’; see also s.v.; [v2] is due to transfer of meaning from the cluster of stars to the similarly sparkling chandelier
►muṯrīⁿ, adj., wealthy, rich: PA IV

For other values attached to the root, cf. also root entry ↗√ṮRW/Y as well as ↗√ṮRY (with ↗ṯaràⁿ).

ṯarwaẗ ثَرْوَة , pl. ṯarawāt

√ṮRW/Y

n.f.

fortune, wealth, riches – WehrCowan1976

▪ quasi-vn. I, from ↗ṯariya ‘to be rich’, earlier ^†‘to be plentiful, copious’.
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▪ ↗ṯariya
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

▪ Tu servet: [Meninski, Thesaurus, 1680] ‘s̱ervet = multitudo & opulentia’ – Nişanyan_15Oct2014
▪ …

►ʔahl al-ṯarwaẗ, the rich, the wealthy;
►ṯarwaẗ qawmiyyaẗ, national wealth;
►ṯarwaẗ māʔiyyaẗ, abundance of water, abundant supply of water (of a region)

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ṯariya and ↗ṯurayyā), as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ṮRW/Y. – Cf. also ↗ṯaràⁿ (↗√ṮRY)

ṯurayyā ثُرَيَّا (pl. -āt)

√ṮRW/Y

== FOR SORAYA ==

n.f.

1 Pleiades; 2 (also ṯariyyaẗ), pl. ṯurayyāt, chandelier – WehrCowan1976

▪ (following BK1860:) ṯurayyā as a term for the cluster of stars in the constellation of Taurus known as the Pleiades, or the Seven Sisters, is a dimin. of ṯarwà, f. of ṯarwān ‘opulent’, ints. formation in ‑ān, from ṯarīy ‘numerous (troops, property, etc.); rich, wealthy (man)’, from ↗ṯarā ‘to be numerous’. Thus, the literal meaning is *‘the little cluster, the small group of the many (stars)’.
▪ In the Persian-speaking world, the Ar word was, and is still, used as a personal name. In the transliterated spelling, Soraya, the name has become popular also in the West (see below, section WEST).
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▪ …

▪ ↗ṯariya.
▪ (Gz tərəyā ‘constellation of stars’ and ṭarāw ‘constellation’ are from Ar ṯurayyā – Leslau2006.)
▪ …

▪ Another indigenous Ar explanation of the term ṯurayyā would be the beneficial ‘riches’, ṯarāʔ, brought about by the rain that often accompanies the rising of the Pleiades above the horizon at morning dawn – J. Ruska, art. »Süreyyâ / al-S̱urayyā«, in ¹EIᵀᵘ.
▪ The Ar name for the Pleiades can help to clarify the etymology of the Grk term Pleiádes. While this term is often explained as deriving from pleîn (1sg.prs plé-ō) ‘to sail’ (because of the cluster’s importance in delimiting the sailing season in the Mediterranean), it is more likely (given the evidence of Ar ṯurayyā being based on the notion of ‘plentitude’) that Pleiádes is coined from Grk pleîos ~ pléos ‘full’¹ – J. Ruska, art. »Süreyyâ / al-S̱urayyā«, in ¹EIᵀᵘ.
▪ …

1. < IE *pleh‑ ‘full’ – Beekes2016.

▪ Tu süreyya: [Şeyhoğlu, Marzubānnāme terc., 1380] bir ulu ağaç varıdı, sanadıŋ kökleri taḥte 's̠-s̠erāye [toprağın altına] irmiş ve budakları s̠üreyyāya ağmışdı; [Ahterî-i Kebir, 1545] s̱üreyyā = Ülker dedikleri altı yıldız ki ikişer ikişer birbiriniñ muḳābelesinde olur – Nişanyan_3Jul2021
▪ As a personal name, Soraya is also popular in Europe due to its association with Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, the second wife of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran (en.wiki/Soraya; for prominent holders of the name, cf. ibid.).
▪ …

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ṯariya (incl. ↗ṯarwaẗ), as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ṮRW/Y. – Cf. also ↗ṯaràⁿ (↗√ṮRY)

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