Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ṮWR_1 ‘bull; (astron.) Taurus’ ↗ ṯawr
▪ ṮWR_2 ‘to rise; to be shaken, be moved (soul), be roused (anger), be stirred (quarrel), be kindled (war)’ ↗ ṯāra

Other values, now obsolete, include:
▪ ṮWR_3 ‘to investigate, inquire after s.th.’: ^†ʔaṯāra

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘bull, to stir, to raise, to excite, to rise, to swirl up; to agitate, to rebel, to rage; to break up, to plough; to chase, to dig up, to look into’

▪ ṮWR_1 : from Sem *ṯawr- (? < AfrAs *čaw˅r‑ / *č˅r‑)‘bull’
▪ ṮWR_2 : from ṮWR_1 (fig. use: *‘to "revolt", break out like a bull’?
▪ ṮWR_3 : caus. of ṮWR_2 (*‘to stir in the dust, till the ground and thereby investigate the soil’) or belonging to another Sem root? (Cf. Hbr tūr ‘to seek out, spy out, explore’, Ar ʔatāra ‘to seek out, spy out, explore’, tāraẗ ‘period, succession’).

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ṯār‑ ثارَ / ṯur‑ , ū (ṯawraẗ , ṯawarān)

ID 127 • Sw – • BP 4251 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ṮWR

vb., I

to stir, be stirred up, be aroused, be exited; to swirl up, rise (dust); to arise (question, problem; a difficulty); to be triggered, be unleashed, break out; to revolt, rebel, rise (ʕalā against); to rage, storm | ṯ. ṯāʔiruh to fly into rage, become furious, flare up – WehrCowan1979.

Akin with ↗ṯawr ‘bull’.

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► ^BP#1198ʔaṯāra, vb. IV, to agitate, excite; to stimulate; to irritate; to arouse, stir up, kindle, excite (e.g., feelings), cause, provoke, awaken; to raise, pose, bring up (a question, a problem): caus. of I.
► ĭstaṯāra, vb. X, to excite, stir up, kindle (e.g., passions); to rouse; to arouse, awaken (e.g., feelings); to elicit, evoke (wails, outcries); to incite, set (s.o. against):.

► C ^BP#1031ṯawraẗ, n.f., excitement, agitation; outbreak, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair, etc.); eruption (of a volcano); (pl. ‑āt) ↗ṯawraẗ :
► ^BP#3379ṯawrī, adj., revolutionary: nsb-adj from ↗ṯawraẗ.
► ṯawrawī, adj., revolutionary: nisba formation from ↗ṯawraẗ.
► ṯawarān, n., agitation, excitation, flare-up, eruption, outbreak, outburst; dust whirl: vn. I.
► maṯār, n., incentive, stimulus, motive, spur, occasion, cause:.
► ^BP#2587ʔiṯāraẗ, n.f., excitation, stirring up, kindling; agitation, incitement; provocation, (a)rousing, awakening; irritation, stimulation: vn. IV.
► ṯāʔir, adj., excited, agitated, raving, furious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage; (pl. ṯuwwār), n., insurgent, rebel, revolutionary: PA I; see also ↗ṯawraẗ.
► ṯāʔiraẗ, pl. ṯawāʔirᵘ, n., tumult; excitement, agitation; fury, rage: nominalized PA I, f.
► ^BP#2193muṯīr, adj., exciting; provocative; stimulative, irritative: PA IV; n., excitant, irritant, stimulant; germ, agent; pl. ‑āt stimulants: nominalisation of PA IV.

Cf. also ↗ṯawr.

ṯawr ثوْر , pl. ṯīrān

√ṮWR

1 bull, steer; ox. – 2 al-ṯawr Taurus (sign of the zodiac; astron.). – 3 the second month of the solar year (Saudi Ar., cf. ḥamal)

▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *ṯawr‑ ‘bull, ox’.
▪ … < AfrAs *čaw˅r‑ / *č˅r‑ ‘bull’)?
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▪ Bergsträsser1928: Akk šūru, [Bennett1998: Ug ṯr,] Hbr šōr, Aram tawrā, Gz sōr
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#477: Akk šūru, Ug ṯr, Hbr šōr, Syr tawrā, Gz sōr, Ḥrs ṯawr). – Outside Sem: Eg šsr.
▪ Outside Sem, Borg2021 #81 (ṯ-w-r) compares Eg sr (Pyr) ‘sheep, ram’; ‘Schafbock, Widder’ (Faulkner 1962: 235; Wb III 462).
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▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#477: < Sem *ṯawr‑ ‘bull’. The authors also reconstruct AfrAs *čaw˅r‑ /*č˅r‑ ‘bull’ and say that the initial *šs‑ in Eg continues AfrAs *č‑. The Eg form may then represent the original AfrAs root while Sem reflects a secondary tension.
▪ Lipiński2001 thinks (with Diakonoff) that ṯawr can be segmented into root plus AfrAs »key consonant« ‑r for weak, tame animals, cf. also ↗ʔimmar, ↗baqar, ↗ḥimār, karr, ʕayr, ↗ʔayyil, ↗ǧamal.
▪ See also ↗√ṮWR

▪ Dolgopolsky2012 thinks IE *tawro-s ‘bull, aurochs’ (which gave European words for the animal like Grk taûros, Lat taurus etc.) is a borrowing from Sem.

► šōrbaẗ ḏayl al-ṯ., n., oxtail soup:.

For other items of the root ↗√ṮWR.

ṯawraẗ ثَوْرَة, pl. ‑āt

√ṮWR

n.f.

1 excitement, agitation. – 2 outbreak, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair, ‎etc.). – 3 eruption (of a volcano). – 4 (pl. ‑āt) upheaval, uprising, insurrection, riot, rebellion, revolt. – ‎‎5 revolution – WehrCowan1979.

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v4/5 1882 »terme ‎employé à propos de ʕArābī Pāšā« (Pérès1955: 56)¹

1. according to Monteil1960: ‎‎192.

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↗√ṮWR

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► ^BP#3379ṯawrī, adj., n., revolutionary: nsb-adj.
► ṯawrawī, adj., = ṯawrī : dto.
► ṯāʔir, adj., excited, agitated, raving, furious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage: lexicalized PP I from vb. ↗ṯāra; (pl. ṯuwwār), n., ‎insurgent, rebel, revolutionary: nominalized PP I.

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