Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ^†ḤRK_4 ʻimpotence’: ^†ḥarak; cf. also ^†ḥarika (a, ḥarak) ʻto be impotent’ (Steingass1884), ^†ḥarīk ʻimpuissant (à la cohabitation)’ (BK1860)
▪ ^†ḤRK_x ʻ…’:…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘movement, to move, to be agile, to be lively and intelligent; the joint between the head and the neck’

▪ Scarce attestation outside Ar prevents deeper etymological investigation into the possibly primary value(s), nor does it allow for an analysis that would be more than speculative of the relation betw. the extant values.
▪ The widest semantic field covered by ḤRK lexemes today is that of [v1] ‘to move, movement’ (= DRS #ḤRK-1). No obvious relation between this value and the others.
▪ [v2] (= DRS #ḤRK-4): Etymology obscure. No obvious relation to [v1] and [v3], but perh. connected to [v4]. See DISC below.
▪ [v3] : While it might seem natural, from an inner-Ar perspective, to link miḥrāk ʻpoker, fire iron’ to [v1] ‘to move, stir’ (as *‘instrument with which to stir the fire’), a caveat is in place in light of the Ug Hbr Aram cognates, which have ‘fire, to burn, roast’ as their basic idea, not ‘to move, stir’.
▪ [v4] : see [v2], above and section DISC, below.
▪ …

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▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤRK-1 Ar haruka ‘se mouvoir’, harraka ‘déplacer, mouvoir’, Mhr ḥōrək, Jib oḥōrk, Ḥrs ḥārək ‘déplacer, agiter; faire un signe de tête’, Jib ənḥérək ‘se déplacer’. -2 Ar ḥarika ‘devenir impuissant’, Jib aḥrék ‘boiter’, SMhr ḥərēk, Jib ḥarkún ‘boiteux’. -3 Ug ḥrk ‘mettre au feu’, Hbr ḥārak ‘rôtir’, Aram ḥᵊrak ‘être chaud, brûler’, Ar miḥrāk ‘fourgon pour remuer le feu’. -4 Ar ḥārik ‘garrot du cheval’, muḥrak ‘extrémité supérieure du cou’.
▪ …

▪ [v2], [v4] : Morphologically, Ar ḥārik ‘withers (of a horse)’ is a PA I, suggesting a derivation from a vb. I as *ʻthe …-ing one, the …-ing part of the body’; but there is also ClassAr ^†muḥrak ‘extrémité supérieure du cou’ (DRS), a PP IV, suggesting an interpretation based on an original *ʻpart of the body that is made to …’. None of the values attested for ḤRK in Ar or Sem produces plausible etymologies if put in place of the missing ʻ…’ here. The authors of DRS think ḥārik is akin to the 4-rad. ^†ḥarkakaẗ (pl. ḥarākikᵘ, ḥarākīkᵘ) ʻhipbone’ (Steingass1884), showing reduplication of R₃ – an interesting observation, though it does not bring more light into the etymology of the root as such, as also ^†ḥarkakaẗ does not have cognates outside Ar. (To a certain degree, however, it may encourage a treatment of ḥārik / ^†muḥrak as distinct from ḥaruka ‘to move’.) A little bit more helpful is the fact that it seems to be possible to draw a line of semantic development from [v2] ‘withers; (hipbone)’ to ^†[v4] (= DRS #ḤRK-2) ʻimpotence, to be(come) impotent’, a value no longer attested in MSA (as documented in WehrCowan or Mawrid), but earlier dictionaries still have the items given above in the value overview (^†ḥarak ʻimpotence’ and corresp. adj. and vb. I): the link between ‘withers; (hipbone)’ and ʻimpotence’ may be items such as ^†ḥaraka (u, ḥark) ʻto wound a horse on the withers (Hava1899) / atteindre, blesser qn, lui causer une lésion à la partie ḥārik (BK1860), to beat on the back (Steingass1884) / frapper, porter un coup avec un sabre, etc. (BK1860)’, with the corresponding quasi-PP, ^†ḥarīk ʻdégingandé, qui marche comme s’il était brisé par le milieu, disloqué (BK1860)’. Thus, one could imagine a development *‘to beat on the back, to wound on the withers’ > ‘to walk like s.o. who has been beaten\is wounded’ > ‘to be handicapped’ > ‘to be impotent’. – A bold additional hypothesis: *ʻto beat’ < ʻto move, stir’? If such a development could be established, [v2] were dependent on [v1].
▪ If the hypothesis just made at the end of the preceding paragraph should turn out to be tenable, one could imagine a semantic differentiation along three lines: a) *ʻ[v1] to move, stir > [v3] to stir the fire, poker [> Ug Hbr Aram: fire, to roast]’; b) *ʻ[v1] to move, stir > to beat (on the back, on the withers) > [v2] withers’; and c) *ʻ[v1] to move, stir > to beat (on the back, on the withers) > to wound (by beating on the back/withers) > to walk like s.o. who has been beaten\is wounded > to be handicapped > to be impotent’. – Caveat: This hypothesis does not explain the morphology of ḥārik (PA I) or ^†muḥrak (PP IV), nor does it account for the first value given for ^†ḥaraka in BK1860, namely ʻse refuser à faire ou à rendre ce qu’on doit’ (to refuse to do or give back what you should).
▪ …

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ḥarakaẗ حَرَكة , pl. ‑āt

ID 205 • Sw – • BP 193 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤRK

n.f.

1 movement, motion; 2 commotion; 3 physical exercise; 4 stirring, impulse; 5 proceeding, procedure, policy; 6 action, undertaking, enterprise; 7 military operation; 8 continuation, progress; 9 traffic (rail, shipping, street); 10 movement (as a social phenomenon); 11 vowel (gram.) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ ḥarakaẗ is one of the vn.s of the vb. I, ^†ḥaruka, u (ḥark, ḥarakaẗ) ʻto move about, shake, stir up’, now obsol., but still attested in Steingass1884 or Hava1899. Given the scarcity of cognates (only in modSAr), the further etymological background remains obscure, also with regard to the value’s relation to a horse’s withers (↗ḥārik) and the idea of impotence (^†ḥarak, see [v4] in root entry ↗√ḤRK).
▪ miḥrāk ʻpoker, fire iron’ is treated as a deriv. of ^†ḥaruka ʻto stir, stir up’ here, positing that it belongs together with ḥarakaẗ; however, DRS deals with it as distinct item in. For details, ↗miḥrāk.
▪ For *ʻmovement’ as the starting point of a hypothetical semantic development that would include not only miḥrāk ʻpoker, fire iron’, but also ḥārik ʻwithers’ and ^†ʻimpotence’, see section DISC in root entry ↗√ḤRK.

▪ …

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤRK-1 Ar ḥaruka ‘se mouvoir’, ḥarraka ‘déplacer, mouvoir’, Mhr ḥōrək, Jib oḥōrk, Ḥrs ḥārək ‘déplacer, agiter; faire un signe de tête’, Jib ənḥérək ‘se déplacer’. -2-4 […].
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.

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►fī ḥarakāti-hī wa-sakanāti-hī, expr., 1 in all his doings; 2 in every situation;
►ḥarakaẗ al-murūr, expr., (through) traffic;
►ḥarakaẗ al-marākib, n.f., shipping traffic;
►ḥarakaẗ al-biḍāʔiʕ, n.f., exchange of goods;
►ḥarakaẗ al-ʔamwāl, n.f., turnover (com.);
►al-ḥarakaẗ al-niswiyyaẗ, n.f., feminist movement;
►ḫafīf al-ḥarakaẗ, adj., nimble, lithe, light, quick, agile, adroit;
►ṯaqīl al-ḥarakaẗ, adj., slow in motion, heavy-handed, clumsy, sluggish, lumbering, inert, indolent

► ^BP#2279ḥarraka, vb. II, 1 to move, set in motion, drive, propel, operate (s.th.); 2 to march, move (troops); 3 to stir (s.th.); 4 to start, get started, get underway (s.th.); 5 to agitate, excite, stimulate (s.th.); 6 to incite, instigate, goad, prod, provoke, actuate, urge (ʕalà s.o. to do s.th.); 7 to awaken, arouse, foment, stir up (s.th.); 8 to vowel, vowelize (gram., a consonant): D-stem, caus., either from the obsol. vb. I, or denom. from ḥarakaẗ. | ~ mašāʕira-hū, vb., to grip, excite, thrill s.o.; ~ al-ʕawāṭif, vb., to affect the feelings, be touching, moving, pathetic; lā yuḥarrik sākinan, expr., he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t bend his little finger, he remains immobile, apathetic; ~ sākina-hū, vb., to rouse s.o., put s.o. in a state of excitement, commotion or agitation
► ^BP#1381taḥarraka, vb. V, 1 to move, be in motion, stir, budge; 2 to start moving, get moving; 3 to start out, get underway (traveler); 4 to depart, leave (train); 5 to put out, to sail (fleet); 6 to be set in motion, be driven, be operated; 7 to be agitated, be excited, be stimulated; 8 to be awakened, be roused, be fomented, be provoked, be caused: Dt-stem, refl./self-ref. of vb. II.
►ḥarik, adv., active, brisk, agile, nimble.
►ḥarakī, adj., kinetic (phys.): nisba formation from ḥarakaẗ.
► ^BP#2923ḥarāk, n., movement, motion.
►maḥrak, n., path, trajectory (of a projectile): n.loc., *ʻplace where s.th. moves’.
►miḥrāk, n., poker, fire iron: n.instr., *ʻtool used to stir’ (? – cf. also ↗s.v.).
► ^BP#3488taḥrīk, n., stimulation, activation: vn. II.
►taḥrīkī, adj., dynamic: nisba formation, from the preceding.
► ^BP#1921taḥarruk, pl. ‑āt, 1 movement, motion; 2 forward motion; 3 start; 4 departure; 5 sailing (of a fleet): vn. V.
► ^BP#3440muḥarrik, n., 1 mover, stirrer; 2 rouser, inciter, fomenter, awakener, agent; 3 instigator; 4 – (pl. ‑āt), motive, springs, incentive, spur, motivating circumstance, causative factor; 5 motor, engine (tech.): PA II.
► ^BP#3695mutaḥarrik, adj., 1 moving, movable, mobile; 2 pronounced with following vowel, voweled, vowelized (consonant; gram.): PA V. | ṣuwar mutaḥarrikaẗ, n., nonhum.pl., movies, motion pictures.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ḥārik and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤRK.

ḥārik حارِك

√ḤRK

withers – WehrCowan1976.

▪ Of obscure etymology. No obvious relation to ↗ḥarakaẗ ʻmovement’ or ↗miḥrāk ʻpoker, fire iron’, but perh. connected to the obsol. ^†ḥarak ʻimpotence’. See DISC below.

▪ …

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤRK-1-3 […]. 4 Ar ḥārik ‘garrot du cheval’, muḥrak ‘extrémité supérieure du cou’.
▪ …

▪ Morphologically, Ar ḥārik ‘withers (of a horse)’ is a PA I, suggesting a derivation from a vb. I as *ʻthe …-ing one, the …-ing part of the body’; but there is also ClassAr ^†muḥrak ‘extrémité supérieure du cou’ (DRS), a PP IV, suggesting an interpretation based on an original *ʻpart of the body that is made to …’. None of the values attested for ḤRK in Ar or Sem produces plausible etymologies if put in place of the missing ʻ…’ here. The authors of DRS think ḥārik is akin to ^†ḥarkakaẗ (pl. ḥarākikᵘ, ḥarākīkᵘ) ʻhipbone’ (Steingass1884), with reduplication of R₃ – an interesting observation, though it does not bring more light into the etymology of the item as such, as also ^†ḥarkakaẗ is without cognates outside Ar. A little bit more helpful is the fact that it seems to be possible to draw a line of semantic development from ‘withers; (hipbone)’ to the now obsol. ^†ḥarak ʻimpotence’ (and corresp. adj. and vb. I): the link between ‘withers; (hipbone)’ and ʻimpotence’ may be items such as ^†ḥaraka (u, ḥark) ʻto wound a horse on the withers (Hava1899) / atteindre, blesser qn, lui causer une lésion à la partie ḥārik (BK1860), to beat on the back (Steingass1884) / frapper, porter un coup avec un sabre, etc. (BK1860)’, with the corresponding quasi-PP, ^†ḥarīk ʻdégingandé, qui marche comme s’il était brisé par le milieu, disloqué (BK1860)’. Thus, one could imagine a development *‘to beat on the back, to wound on the withers’ > ‘to walk like s.o. who has been beaten\is wounded’ > ‘to be handicapped’ > ‘to be impotent’. – A bold additional hypothesis: *ʻto beat’ < ʻto move, stir’? If such a development could be established, ḥārik ‘withers’ would be akin to ↗ḥarakaẗ ‘movement’.
▪ …

–

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḥarakaẗ and ↗miḥrāk, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤRK.

miḥrāk مِحْراك

√ḤRK

poker, fire iron – WehrCowan1976.

▪ While it might seem natural, from an inner-Ar perspective, to link miḥrāk ʻpoker, fire iron’ to the notion of ‘to move, stir’ (↗ḥarakaẗ), as *‘instrument with which to stir the fire’, a caveat is in place in light of the Ug Hbr Aram cognates, which have ‘fire, to burn, roast’ as their basic idea, not ‘to move, stir’. For further discussion, see root entry ↗√ḤRK.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤRK-1 Ar haruka ‘se mouvoir’, harraka ‘déplacer, mouvoir’, Mhr ḥōrək, Jib oḥōrk, Ḥrs ḥārək ‘déplacer, agiter; faire un signe de tête’, Jib ənḥérək ‘se déplacer’. -2 […]. -3 Ug ḥrk ‘mettre au feu’, Hbr ḥārak ‘rôtir’, Aram ḥᵊrak ‘être chaud, brûler’, Ar miḥrāk ‘fourgon pour remuer le feu’. -4 […].
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.

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For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḥarakaẗ and ↗ḥārik, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤRK.

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