Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḤSB_1 ‘to compute, reckon, calculate, count; to charge, credit’ ↗ḥasaba; ʻto think, believe, suppose, assume, regard as, consider’ ↗ḥasiba; ʻto be of noble origin, be highborn’ ↗ḥasuba; ʻsufficiency’ ↗ḥasb; ʻmeasure, extent, degree’ ↗ḥasab; ʻbill, invoice; (bank) account’ ↗ḥisāb; ʻcomputer’ ↗ḥāsūb, ʻaccounting, bookkeeping’ ↗muḥāsabaẗ
▪ ḤSB_2 ʻpet, favorite; obedient, subservient’ ↗maḥsūb

Other values, now obsolete, include

▪ ^†ḤSB_3 ‘small pillow’: ^†ḥusbān(aẗ)
▪ ^†ḤSB_4 ‘burial, to bury’: ^†ḥasb
▪ ^†ḤSB_5 ‘tawny, red-haired’: ^†ʔaḥsabᵘ
▪ ^†ḤSB_6 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘good lineage, great ancestry; honour and glory; sufficiency, to suffice; to submit to; to reckon, to calculate, to take to task; to consider, to assume, to presume; to investigate’

▪ [v1] (= DRS 9/2010 #ḤŠB-1): The basic idea of this main value – for which one may posit a protSem *ḤŠB – is ‘to count’ and ‘to take into account’. From this basic value, many secondary meanings were derived, the most widespread (WSem) prob. being ‘to consider, estimate, reckon with, think, believe’ (Hbr, Aram, Ar, EthSem). Ar itself displays the highest degree of variation within derivation, spanning from ‘charging, debiting, crediting’ and ‘sufficiency, satiety’ (< *‘to content o.s. with, or resign in, what God has decreed to be one’s lot, in this way adding a pious deed to one’s account with God’) over ‘paying respect, holding in high esteem, merits earned by way of a honorable life, nobility’ to modern developments such as ‘book-keeping, accounting’ and ‘computer’. – [v2] ‘pet, favorite’ prob. also belongs here (< *‘held in high esteem’). – The notion of ‘sufficiency’ has itself produced some interesting, religiously connotated aspects, such as in the vb. VIII, ĭḥtasaba which, among other things, can mean ‘to anticipate a reward in the hereafter by resigning in God’s will at the death of a relative’, hence ĭḥtasaba walad^an ‘to give a son, be bereaved of a son’. It seems that also ^†[v4] ‘burial, to bury’, listed as a separate value in DRS (#ḤŠB-3), has to be regarded as a derivative of [v1].
▪ [v2] : ʻpet, favorite’ is prob. orig. *‘held in high esteem’. The meaning ʻobedient, subservient’ is secondary, expressing the perspective of the object that is held in high esteem with regard to the subject who does so.
▪ ^†[v3] (=DRS #ḤŠB-2): etymology obscure.
▪ ^†[v4] (=DRS #ḤŠB-3): ‘burial, to bury’ is prob. a secondary development from [v1], a special meaning that arose on occasions when s.o. had suffered the loss of a dear person and resigned in God’s will, in this way adding a pious deed to one’s account with God’ – see above, sub [v1].
▪ ^†[v5] (=DRS #ḤŠB-4): etymology obscure.
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▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤŠB-1 Akk ḥašābu, ḫašābu ‘compter’, Phoen Pun ḥšb, Hbr ḥāšab ‘compter, tenir compte de, faire attention, penser’, Aram ḥᵃšeb, Nab ḥšb ‘compter, imputer, penser’, Syr ḥᵊšab, Mnd hšb ‘penser’; Ar ḥasaba ‘compter’, ḥasiba ‘estimer, supposer’, ḥasb ‘suffisance’, ḥasab ‘mérite’, ḥisāb ‘compte, calcul’, ḥisbān ‘conjecture’; Sab ḥtšb ‘prendre en compte’, Mhr ḥəsūb, Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b, Soq ḥoseb, ‘compter; compter sur’, Mhr Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b ‘compte’; Gz hasaba ‘estimer, croire’, ḥassaba ‘compter’, Tña hasäbä, Te ḥasba, Har ḥēsäba, Amh assäbä, Gur asäbä ‘penser, réfléchir’. – Ug ḥṯbn [Tropper2008: /ḥi/uṯbānu/], Hbr ḥešbôn, EmpAram Palm hšbn, JP ḥešbānā, Syr Mnd ḥūšbānā, Ar ḥusbān ‘compte’; ḥusbān ‘peine, calamité’, Jib oḥōsub ‘tourmenter; rembarrer en permanence’. -2 Ar ḥusbān ‘coussin’. -3 ḥasb ‘inhumation d’un mort’. -4 ʔaḥsab ‘roux mêlé d’autres couleurs; lépreux’.
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▪ [v1] (=DRS #ḤŠB-1): See above, section CONC. – In the classical Islamicate world, the institution of ^†ḥisbaẗ and the muḥtasib played an important role in urban life. At the time, the non-Qur’ānic term ḥisbaẗ, which originally means ʻaccount’, hence also ‘reward’, »is used to mean on the one hand the duty of every Muslim to ‘promote good and forbid evil’ and, on the other, the function of the person who is effectively entrusted in a town with the application of this rule in the supervision of moral behaviour and more particularly of the markets; this person entrusted with the ḥisbaẗ was called the muḥtasib [Hava1899: ʻinspector of weigths and measures’]. There seems to exist no text which states explicitly either the reason for the choice of this term or how the meanings mentioned above have arisen from the idea of ‘calculation’ or ‘sufficiency’ which is expressed by the root« – Cl. Cahen, M. Talbi [et al.], art. “Ḥisba”, in EI².
▪ [v2] : See above, section CONC.
▪ ^†[v3] (=DRS #ḤŠB-2): For the ClassAr ^†ḥusbān or ḥusbānaẗ, several values are attested, mainly ‘small pillow’, but also ‘small ant’, ‘small arrow’, ‘thunderbolt’, ‘cloud’, and ‘hailstone’. None of these seem to be related to [v1] or any other of the values represented in √ḤSB. – Verbal derivations are prob. denom. from ‘small pillow’: ^†ḥassaba, vb. II, ‘to place a pillow for s.o.’, ^†taḥassaba, vb. V, ‘to recline upon a pillow’ (Hava1899).
▪ ^†[v4] (=DRS #ḤŠB-3): See above, section CONC. – Cf. also the ClassAr ^†ḥassaba, vb. II, ʻto bury s.o.’, and ^†ĭḥtasaba, vb. VIII, ʻto lose (DO and bi‑ an elder son)’. – For the semantics, note the coincidence of meanings in ClassAr ^†ḥasb (ʻsufficiency’ and ʻburial’) and ^†ḥisbaẗ (ʻaccount; reward’ and ʻburying of the dead’) as well as the term muḥtasab (PP VIII), still in WehrCowan1976 and explained there as ʻs.th. for which one can expect reward in the hereafter (e.g., suffering, loss, etc.)’.
▪ ^†[v5] (=DRS #ḤŠB-4): See above, section CONC. – In ClassAr, the adj. ^†ʔaḥsabᵘ is not only registered with the meaning ʻtawny (camel)’, but also ʻred-haired (man)’ and ‘white from disease (skin)’. Attested is also the denom. vb. IV, ^†ʔaḥsaba ʻto be tawny (camel)’.
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ḥasab‑ حَسَبَ , u (ḥasb, ḥisāb, ḥisbāb, ḥusbān)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤSB

vb., I

1 to compute, reckon, calculate; 2 to count; 3 to charge, debit (ʕalà s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account); 4 to credit (ʕalà s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ Together with its “sisters”, ↗ḥasiba and ↗ḥasuba, the vb. ḥasaba belongs to a larger complex derived from a protSem *ḤŠB ‘to count, take into account’. The primary value is well best preserved in Ar ḥasaba. The most widespread among the many secondary meanings that have sprung from the basic idea is prob. ‘to consider, estimate, reckon with, think, believe’ (WSem: Hbr, Aram, EthSem, Ar ↗ḥasiba). Ar itself displays the highest degree of variation within derivation, spanning from ‘charging, debiting, crediting’ and ‘sufficiency, satiety’ (< *‘to content o.s. with, or resign in, what God has decreed to be one’s lot, in this way adding a pious deed to one’s account with God’, ↗ḥasb) over ‘paying respect, holding in high esteem, merits earned by way of a honorable life, nobility’ (↗ḥasuba) to modern developments such as ‘book-keeping, accounting’ (↗muḥāsabaẗ) and ‘computer’ (↗ḥāsūb); ultimately, also ↗maḥsūb ‘pet, favorite’ prob. belongs here (< *‘held in high esteem’). – For the relationship betw. ‘counting, taking into account’ and ‘sufficiency’ (and also ^†‘burial’!), see ḥasb.
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▪ …

▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤŠB-1 Akk ḥašābu, ḫašābu ‘compter’, Phoen Pun ḥšb, Hbr ḥāšab ‘compter, tenir compte de, faire attention, penser’, Aram ḥᵃšeb, Nab ḥšb ‘compter, imputer, penser’, Syr ḥᵊšab, Mnd hšb ‘penser’; Ar ḥasaba ‘compter’, ḥasiba ‘estimer, supposer’, ḥasb ‘suffisance’, ḥasab ‘mérite’, ḥisāb ‘compte, calcul’, ḥisbān ‘conjecture’; Sab ḥtšb ‘prendre en compte’, Mhr ḥəsūb, Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b, Soq ḥoseb, ‘compter; compter sur’, Mhr Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b ‘compte’; Gz hasaba ‘estimer, croire’, ḥassaba ‘compter’, Tña hasäbä, Te ḥasba, Har ḥēsäba, Amh assäbä, Gur asäbä ‘penser, réfléchir’. – Ug ḥṯbn [Tropper2008: /ḥi/uṯbānu/], Hbr ḥešbôn, EmpAram Palm hšbn, JP ḥešbānā, Syr Mnd ḥūšbānā, Ar ḥusbān ‘compte’; ḥusbān ‘peine, calamité’, Jib oḥōsub ‘tourmenter; rembarrer en permanence’. -2 […]. -3 ḥasb ‘inhumation d’un mort’. -4 […].
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ For the institution of the ^†ḥisbaẗ and the muḥtasib (Hava1899: ʻinspector of weigths and measures’) that played an important role in urban life in the medieval Islamicate world, cf. section DISC (on [v1]) in root entry ↗√ḤSB.
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►ḥasaba ḥisāba-hū, vb. I, to take s.th. or s.o. into account or into consideration, reckon with s.th. or s.o., count on s.th. or s.o.;
►ḥasaba ḥisāban li‑, vb. I, 1 do.; 2 to attach importance to s.o. or s.th.;
►ḥasaba ʔalfa ḥisābin li‑, expr., to have a thousand apprehensions about…

►^BP#2190ḥasiba, a, i (ḥisbān, maḥsabaẗ, maḥsibaẗ), vb. I, 1 to regard (s.o. as), consider, deem (s.o. to be…); 2 to think, believe, suppose, assume; 3 to consider, regard (s.o. min as belonging to), count (s.o. min among); 4 to see (s.th. fī in s.o.)
►ḥasuba, u (ḥasab, ḥasābaẗ), vb. I, 1 to be of noble origin, be highborn; 2 to be highly esteemed, be valued: perh. denom. from ḥasab ʻnoble descent’.
►ḥāsaba, vb. III, 1 to settle an account, get even (with s.o.); 2 to call (s.o.) to account, ask (s.o.) for an accounting; 3 to hold (s. o.) responsible, make (s.o.) answerable: L-stem, assoc. | ~ ʕalà nafsi-hī, vb., to be careful, be on one’s guard
►taḥassaba, vb. V, 1 to be careful, be on one’s guard; 2 to take precautions; 3 to seek to know, try to find out (s.th.): Dt-stem, refl./self-ref.
►taḥāsaba, vb. VI, to settle a mutual account: Lt-stem, recipr.
►ĭḥtasaba, vb. VIII, 1a to debit or credit; b to take into account, take into consideration (bi‑ or s.th.); c to reckon (bi‑ or s.th. with); d (to anticipate a reward in the hereafter by adding a pious deed to one’s account with God — such as resigning in God’s will at the death of a relative; hence:) ~ waladan, to give a son, be bereaved of a son; ~ ʕinda ’llāhi ’l-šayʔ, to sacrifice s.th. in anticipation of God’s reward in the hereafter; e to charge (ʕalà s.th. for); 2a to think, believe, suppose; b to take (s.o. for or to be…); 3a to be content, content o.s. (bi‑ with); b to disapprove (ʕalà of s.th. in s.o.), take exception (ʕalà to s.th. in s.o.), reject (ʕalà s.th. in s.o.); c to call (ʕalà s.o.) to account, ask (ʕalà s.o.) for an accounting: Gt-stem, self-ref.

►ḥasb, n., 1 reckoning, computing, calculation; 2 thinking, opinion, view; 3 sufficiency | ḥasbu-ka (bi-ḥasbi-ka) dirhamun, expr., one dirham is enough for you; ḥasbu-ka ʔanna, expr., 1 it suffices to say that …; 2 you know enough when you hear that …; 3 you need only …; bi-ḥasbi-ka muqniʕan ʔanna, expr., it will be enough to convince you if …; wa-ḥasbu-ka bi-hāḏā kulli-hī šarran, expr., but enough of all these negative aspects!; ^BP#1538fa-ḥasb, expr., and that’s all, and no more, only (interchangeable with faqaṭ)
►ḥasbī: maǧlis ḥasbī, pl. maǧālis ḥasbiyyaẗ, n., guardianship court, probate court (Eg.): nisba formation, from ḥasb (in the sense of ʻsufficiency’)
►ḥasab, pl. ʔaḥsāb, n., 1 measure, extent, degree, quantity, amount; 2a value; b esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.; 3 noble descent | ^BP#423ḥasabᵃ, bi-ḥasabⁱ and ʕalà ḥasabⁱ, prep., according to, in accordance with, commensurate with, depending on; ► ^BP#3374ḥasaba-mā, conj., according to what…, as, depending on how… | ḥasaba-mā ’ttafaqa, expr., as chance will have it
►ḥisbaẗ, n.f., arithmetical problem, sum
►ḥasīb, pl. ḥusabāʔᵘ, adj., 1a respected, esteemed; b noble, of noble birth, highborn: quasi-PP I, from ḥasiba ʻto respect’, or devb. from ḥasuba ʻto be of noble origin’, or ints. formation based on ḥasab ʻnoble descent’.
► ^BP#4743ḥusbān, n., 1a calculation, reckoning, accounting; b computation | kāna fī ’l-ḥusbān, vb., 1a to be taken into account, be taken into consideration; b to be expected, be anticipated; kāna fī ’l-ḥusbān ʔanna, expr., it was expected that…; ḥusbān-ī ʔanna, expr., I expect that…
► ^BP#746ḥisāb, n., 1a arithmetic reckoning, calculus; b computation; 2 calculation, estimation, appraisal; 3a accounting, settlement; b consideration, considerateness; c caution; 4a (pl. ‑āt) bill, invoice; b statement of costs; 5 (bank) account; 6 (pl. ‑āt), bookkeeping | ~ al-ǧummal (al-ǧumal), n., use of the alphabetic letters according to their numerical value; ʕilm al‑~, n., arithmetic; ~ al-tafāḍul, n., differential calculus; ~ al-takāmul, n., integral calculus; kāna fī ḥisābih, expr., he reckoned with it, he expected it, he was prepared for it; ʕamala ḥisāban lahū, expr., 1a to take s.o. or s.th. into consideration; b to reckon with s.o. or s.th.; al‑~ al-ḫitāmī and ~ nihāʔī, n., final statement of account, final accounting; daʕā-hu ʔilà ’l‑~, expr., he called him to account; yawm al‑~, n., the Day of Reckoning; ʔaqāma ḥisāban li‑, to render account to s.o.; bi-lā ~, adv., without limit or bounds, to excess, to an unlimited extent; min ġayr ~, adv., blindly, without forethought, at random; li‑~ fulān, expr., to s.o.’s credit, to s.o.’s advantage; ʕalà ~ fulān, expr., to s.o.’s debit, at s.o.’s expense, to s.o.’s disadvantage; laqiya sūʔ al‑~, expr., he got a raw deal, he was in for it; ~ ǧārⁱⁿ, n., current account; ḥisābāt ṣundūq al-tawfīr, nonhum.pl., savings-bank accounts; ~ mawqūf, n., blocked account; ḥisābāt dobya, nonhum.pl., double-entry bookkeeping; al‑~ al-šarqī, n., the Julian calendar; al‑~ al-ġarbī, n., the Gregorian calendar
► ^BP#4179ḥāsūb, n., computer: neologism, prob. calque based on Engl computer.
► ḥisābī, adj., arithmetical, mathematical, computational: nisba formation from ḥisāb.
► ^BP#2691muḥāsabaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., 1 accounting; 2 clearing (cɔŋ.); 3 bookkeeping; 4 request for accounting; 5 examination of conscience (theol.): vn. III. | qism al‑~, n., 1 accounting department, comptroller’s office; 2 clearing house
► ^BP#4932taḥassub, n., expectation, anticipation: vn. V.
►ĭḥtisāb, n., 1 computation; 2 calculation, consideration, reflection; 3a debiting; b crediting; c valuation; 4 contentedness, satisfaction: vn. VIII.
►^BP#4219ḥāsib, n., counter, reckoner, arithmetician, calculator, computer: PA I.
►maḥsūb, pl. ‑ūn, maḥāsībᵘ, n., 1 pet, favorite; 2 obedient, subservient (ʕalà to s.o.): PP I, prob. rather from ↗ḥasiba ʻto respect’ than from ḥasuba, as the latter is intr. and cannot have a PP.
►maḥsūbiyyaẗ, n.f., 1 esteem enjoyed by s.o., position of distinction; 2 patronage, favored position, favouritism: abstract formation in ‑iyyaẗ.
►muḥāsib, var. muḥāsibǧī (Eg.), n., 1 accountant, bookkeeper; 2 comptroller, auditor: vn. III.
►muḥtasab, n., that for which one can expect reward in the hereafter (e.g., suffering, loss, etc.): vn. VIII.

For other (obsolete) values of the root, cf. root entry ↗ḤSB.

ḥasib‑ حَسِبَ , a, i (ḥisbān, maḥsabaẗ, maḥsibaẗ)

ID … • Sw – • BP 2190 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤSB

vb., I

1 to regard (s.o. as), consider, deem (s.o. to be…); 2 to think, believe, suppose, assume; 3 to consider, regard (s.o. min as belonging to), count (s.o. min among); 4 to see (s.th. fī in s.o.) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ Together with its “sisters”, ↗ḥasaba and ↗ḥasuba, the vb. ḥasiba belongs to a larger complex derived from a protSem *ḤŠB ‘to count, take into account’. The primary value is well best preserved in Ar ḥasaba, while ḥasiba represents the most widespread among the (prob.) secondary meanings, namely ‘to consider, estimate, reckon with, think, believe’ (attested throughout WSem: Hbr, Aram, EthSem, Ar).
▪ For further details, cf. ↗ḥasaba and root entry ↗√ḤSB.
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▪ …

▪ ↗ḥasaba.
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasuba, ↗ḥasb, ↗ḥasab, ↗ḥisāb, ↗ḥāsūb, ↗muḥāsabaẗ, ↗maḥsūb, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

ḥasub‑ حَسُبَ , u (ḥasab, ḥasābaẗ)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤSB

vb., I

1 to be of noble origin, be highborn; 2 to be highly esteemed, be valued – WehrCowan1976.

▪ Together with its “sisters”, ↗ḥasaba and ↗ḥasiba, the vb. ḥasuba belongs to a larger complex derived from a protSem *ḤŠB ‘to count, take into account’. The primary value is well best preserved in Ar ḥasaba, while ḥasiba represents the most widespread among the (prob.) secondary meanings, namely ‘to consider, estimate, reckon with, think, believe’ (attested throughout WSem: Hbr, Aram, EthSem, Ar). ḥasuba itself may be denom. from ↗ḥasab ʻhigh regard enjoyed by s.o.; noble descent’, usually regarded as a vn. pertaining to ḥasuba. The notion of ʻpaying respect to s.o., holding in high esteem’, hence also ʻnobility, noble descent’, which builds on the basic *ʻto take into account (sc. s.o.’s merits)’, seems to be peculiar to Ar.
▪ For further details, cf. ↗ḥasaba and root entry ↗√ḤSB.
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▪ …

▪ ↗ḥasaba.
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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►ḥasab, pl. ʔaḥsāb, n., 1 measure, extent, degree, quantity, amount; 2a value; b esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.; 3 noble descent: usually regarded as vn. of ḥasuba, but the vb. is perh. denom. from ḥasab.
►ḥasīb, pl. ḥusabāʔᵘ, adj., 1a respected, esteemed; b noble, of noble birth, highborn: devb. from ḥasuba, or ints. formation based on ḥasab ʻnoble descent’, or quasi-PP I from ↗ḥasiba ʻto respect’.
►maḥsūb, pl. ‑ūn, maḥāsībᵘ, n., 1 pet, favorite; 2 obedient, subservient (ʕalà to s.o.): PP I, prob. rather from ↗ḥasiba ʻto respect’ than from ḥasuba, as the latter is intr. and cannot have a PP.
►maḥsūbiyyaẗ, n.f., 1 esteem enjoyed by s.o., position of distinction; 2 patronage, favored position, favouritism: abstract formation in ‑iyyaẗ.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasiba, ↗ḥasb, ↗ḥasab, ↗ḥisāb, ↗ḥāsūb, ↗muḥāsabaẗ, ↗maḥsūb, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

ḥasb حَسْب

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤSB

1 reckoning, computing, calculation; 2 thinking, opinion, view; 3 sufficiency – WehrCowan1976.

▪ One of the vn.s of ↗ḥasaba ‘to compute, reckon, calculate; to count; to charge, debit, or credit (ʕalà s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account)’. The value ‘sufficiency, satiety’ seems to have developed from ‘taking into account’, particularly *‘to content o.s. with, or resign in, what God has decreed to be one’s lot, in this way adding a pious deed to one’s account with God’. This religious connotation is prominent, e.g., in vb. VIII, ĭḥtasaba, which, among other things, can mean ‘to anticipate a reward in the hereafter by resigning in God’s will at the death of a relative’, hence ĭḥtasaba walad^an ‘to give a son, be bereaved of a son’. It seems that also a now obsol. value of ḥasb, namely ^†‘burial, to bury’ (listed as a separate value in DRS: #ḤŠB-3), is nothing else but a synecdochical use of ‘to content o.s. with one’s lot, regard it as sufficient’ (name the lot of being bereaved of a beloved person). – The neutral, not necessarily religiously connotated expr. ḥasbu-ka \ bi-ḥasbi-ka … ‘x is enough for you’ is still common in literary MSA. Another “frozen” expr., the adverbial fa-ḥasb ‘only, and no more’ even forms part of the MSA core vocabulary (no. #1538 in BuckwalterParkinson’s frequency list).
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▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤŠB-1 Akk ḥašābu, ḫašābu ‘compter’, Phoen Pun ḥšb, Hbr ḥāšab ‘compter, tenir compte de, faire attention, penser’, Aram ḥᵃšeb, Nab ḥšb ‘compter, imputer, penser’, Syr ḥᵊšab, Mnd hšb ‘penser’; Ar ḥasaba ‘compter’, ḥasiba ‘estimer, supposer’, ḥasb ‘suffisance’, ḥasab ‘mérite’, ḥisāb ‘compte, calcul’, ḥisbān ‘conjecture’; Sab ḥtšb ‘prendre en compte’, Mhr ḥəsūb, Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b, Soq ḥoseb, ‘compter; compter sur’, Mhr Ḥrs ḥəsōb, Jib ḥsɔ́b ‘compte’; Gz hasaba ‘estimer, croire’, ḥassaba ‘compter’, Tña hasäbä, Te ḥasba, Har ḥēsäba, Amh assäbä, Gur asäbä ‘penser, réfléchir’. – Ug ḥṯbn [Tropper2008: /ḥi/uṯbānu/], Hbr ḥešbôn, EmpAram Palm hšbn, JP ḥešbānā, Syr Mnd ḥūšbānā, Ar ḥusbān ‘compte’; ḥusbān ‘peine, calamité’, Jib oḥōsub ‘tourmenter; rembarrer en permanence’. -2 […]. -3 ḥasb ‘inhumation d’un mort’. -4 […].
▪ …

▪ For the semantics of [v3] ʻsufficiency, satiety’, cf. also ClassAr ^†ḥassaba, vb. II, ʻto give s.o. food and drink to satiety’, and ^†ʔaḥsaba, vb. IV, ʻto satisfy s.o.; to satiate s.o.’, as well as the expr. ^†ʔaʕṭà fa-ʔaḥsaba ʻhe gave bountifully’.
▪ …

–

►ḥasbu-ka \ bi-ḥasbi-ka dirhamun, expr., one dirham is enough for you
►ḥasbu-ka ʔanna, expr., 1 it suffices to say that …; 2 you know enough when you hear that …; 3 you need only …
►bi-ḥasbi-ka muqniʕan ʔanna, expr., it will be enough to convince you if …
►wa-ḥasbu-ka bi-hāḏā kullih šarran, expr., but enough of all these negative aspects!
► ^BP#1538fa-ḥasb, adv., and that’s all, and no more, only (interchangeable with faqaṭ)

►ĭḥtasaba, vb. VIII, 1a to debit or credit; b to take into account, take into consideration (bi‑ or s.th.); c to reckon (bi‑ or s.th. with); d (to anticipate a reward in the hereafter by adding a pious deed to one’s account with God — such as resigning in God’s will at the death of a relative; hence:) ~ waladan, to give a son, be bereaved of a son; ~ ʕinda ’llāhi ’l-šayʔ, to sacrifice s.th. in anticipation of God’s reward in the hereafter; e to charge (ʕalà s.th. for); 2 ↗ḥasiba; 3a to be content, content o.s. (bi‑ with); b to disapprove (ʕalà of s.th. in s.o.), take exception (ʕalà to s.th. in s.o.), reject (ʕalà s.th. in s.o.); c to call (ʕalà s.o.) to account, ask (ʕalà s.o.) for an accounting: Gt-stem, self-ref.

►ḥasbī: maǧlis ḥasbī, pl. maǧālis ḥasbiyyaẗ, n., guardianship court, probate court (Eg.)
►muḥtasab, n., that for which one can expect reward in the hereafter (e.g., suffering, loss, etc.): vn. VIII.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasiba, ↗ḥasuba, ↗ḥasab, ↗ḥisāb, ↗ḥāsūb, ↗muḥāsabaẗ, ↗maḥsūb, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

ḥasab حَسَب , pl. ʔaḥsāb

ID … • Sw – • BP 423, 3374 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤSB

1 measure, extent, degree, quantity, amount; 2a value; b esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.; 3 noble descent – WehrCowan1976.

▪ While [v1] is closer to ↗ḥasaba (and thus to protSem *ḤŠB with the primary meaning of ‘to count, take into account’), [v2] and [v3] can be seen as vn.s of ↗ḥasuba ʻto be highly esteemed, be valued; to be of noble origin, be highborn’; but the latter vb. may well be denom. from ḥasab rather than the other way round. In any case, both the vb. and the n. are close relatives of ↗ḥasaba and ↗ḥasiba. The notion of ʻpaying respect to s.o., holding in high esteem’, hence also ʻnobility, noble descent’, which builds on the basic *ʻto take into account (sc. s.o.’s merits)’, seems to be a development peculiar to Ar.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ ↗ḥasaba.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

► ^BP#423ḥasabᵃ, bi-ḥasabⁱ and ʕalà ḥasabⁱ, prep., according to, in accordance with, commensurate with, depending on
► ^BP#3374ḥasabamā, conj., according to what…, as, depending on how… | ~ ’ttafaqa, expr., as chance will have it

►ḥasuba, u (ḥasab, ḥasābaẗ), vb. I, 1 to be of noble origin, be highborn; 2 to be highly esteemed, be valued

►ḥasīb, pl. ḥusabāʔᵘ, adj., 1a respected, esteemed; b noble, of noble birth, highborn: quasi-PP I, from ḥasiba ʻto respect’, or devb. from ḥasuba ʻto be of noble origin’, or ints. formation based on ḥasab ʻnoble descent’.
►maḥsūb, pl. ‑ūn, maḥāsībᵘ, n., 1 pet, favorite; 2 obedient, subservient (ʕalà to s.o.): PP I, prob. rather from ↗ḥasiba ʻto respect’ than from ḥasuba, as the latter is intr. and cannot have a PP.
►maḥsūbiyyaẗ, n.f., 1 esteem enjoyed by s.o., position of distinction; 2 patronage, favored position, favouritism: abstract formation in ‑iyyaẗ.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasiba, ↗ḥasuba, ↗ḥasb, ↗ḥisāb, ↗ḥāsūb, ↗muḥāsabaẗ, ↗maḥsūb, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

ḥisāb حِساب , pl. ‑āt

√ḤSB

1a arithmetic reckoning, calculus; b computation; 2 calculation, estimation, appraisal; 3a accounting, settlement; b consideration, considerateness; c caution; 4a (pl. ‑āt) bill, invoice; b statement of costs; 5 (bank) account; 6 (pl. ‑āt), bookkeeping – WehrCowan1976.

▪ ḥisāb is one of the vn.s of ↗ḥasaba ʻto count, reckon, calculate; to charge, debit, credit (ʕalà s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account)’, the vb. that has best preserved the primary value of protSem *ḤŠB ‘to count, take into account’. ḥisāb has been a very common term since early times, where it, for instance, figures in the Qur’ānic yawm al-ḥisāb ʻDay of Judgment (lit., *reckoning)’, and until today, where it is used for ʻbill, invoice’, ʻ(bank) account’, or (in the pl.) ʻbookkeeping’.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ ↗ḥasaba.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

►ḥisāb al-ǧummal (al-ǧumal), n., use of the alphabetic letters according to their numerical value
►ʕilm al-ḥisāb, n., arithmetic
►ḥisāb al-tafāḍul, n., differential calculus
►ḥisāb al-takāmul, n., integral calculus
►kāna fī ḥisābih, expr., he reckoned with it, he expected it, he was prepared for it
►ʕamala ḥisāban lahū, expr., 1a to take s.o. or s.th. into consideration; b to reckon with s.o. or s.th.
►al-ḥisāb al-ḫitāmī and ḥisāb nihāʔī, n., final statement of account, final accounting
►daʕā-hu ʔilà ’l-ḥisāb, expr., he called him to account
►yawm al-ḥisāb, n., the Day of Reckoning
►ʔaqāma ḥisāban li‑, to render account to s.o.
►bi-lā ḥisāb, adv., without limit or bounds, to excess, to an unlimited extent
►min ġayr ḥisāb, adv., blindly, without forethought, at random
►li-ḥisāb fulān, expr., to s.o.’s credit, to s.o.’s advantage
►ʕalà ḥisāb fulān, expr., to s.o.’s debit, at s.o.’s expense, to s.o.’s disadvantage
►laqiya sūʔ al-ḥisāb, expr., he got a raw deal, he was in for it
►ḥisāb ǧārⁱⁿ, n., current account
►ḥisābāt ṣundūq al-tawfīr, nonhum.pl., savings-bank accounts
►ḥisāb mawqūf, n., blocked account
►ḥisābāt dobya, nonhum.pl., double-entry bookkeeping
►al-ḥisāb al-šarqī, n., the Julian calendar
►al-ḥisāb al-ġarbī, n., the Gregorian calendar

►ḥasaba, u (ḥasb, ḥisāb, ḥisbāb, ḥusbān), vb. I, 1 to compute, reckon, calculate; 2 to count; 3 to charge, debit (ʕalà s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account); 4 to credit (ʕalà s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account) | ~ ḥisāba-hū, vb., to take s.th. or s.o. into account or into consideration, reckon with s.th. or s.o., count on s.th. or s.o.; ~ ḥisāban li‑, vb., 1 do.; 2 to attach importance to s.o. or s.th.; ~ ʔalfa ḥisābin li‑, expr., to have a thousand apprehensions about…
►ḥāsaba, vb. III, 1 to settle an account, get even (with s.o.); 2 to call (s.o.) to account, ask (s.o.) for an accounting; 3 to hold (s. o.) responsible, make (s.o.) answerable: L-stem, assoc. | ~ ʕalà nafsi-hī, vb., to be careful, be on one’s guard
►taḥāsaba, vb. VI, to settle a mutual account: Lt-stem, recipr.

► ^BP#4179ḥāsūb, n., computer: neologism, prob. calque based on Engl computer.
► ḥisābī, adj., arithmetical, mathematical, computational: nisba formation from ḥisāb.
► ^BP#2691muḥāsabaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., 1 accounting; 2 clearing (cɔŋ.); 3 bookkeeping; 4 request for accounting; 5 examination of conscience (theol.): vn. III. | qism al‑~, n., 1 accounting department, comptroller’s office; 2 clearing house
►muḥāsib, var. muḥāsibǧī (Eg.), n., 1 accountant, bookkeeper; 2 comptroller, auditor: vn. III.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasiba, ↗ḥasuba, ↗ḥasb, ↗ḥasab, ↗ḥāsūb, ↗muḥāsabaẗ, ↗maḥsūb, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

ḥāsūb حاسوب

√ḤSB

computer – BuckwalterParkinson2011.

▪ a neologism that replaced the longer coining ḥāsibaẗ ʔiliktrūniyyaẗ\ʔāliyyaẗ ʻelectronic calculator, calculating machine’ that seems to have been in use (or at least suggested) for some time (attested as such in Baalbaki1995) but was not accepted by the language community in the long run. But ḥāsūb, too, struggles to establish itself against the more popular kumbyūtar.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ ↗ḥasaba.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasiba, ↗ḥasuba, ↗ḥasb, ↗ḥasab, ↗ḥisāb, ↗muḥāsabaẗ, ↗maḥsūb, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

muḥāsabaẗ مُحاسَبة

√ḤSB

n.f.

1 accounting; 2 clearing (com.); 3 bookkeeping; 4 request for accounting; 5 examination of conscience (theol.) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ vn. III, ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥisāb.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ ↗ḥasaba.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

qism al-muḥāsabaẗ, n., 1 accounting department, comptroller’s office; 2 clearing house

►ḥāsaba, vb. III, 1 to settle an account, get even (with s.o.); 2 to call (s.o.) to account, ask (s.o.) for an accounting; 3 to hold (s. o.) responsible, make (s.o.) answerable: L-stem, assoc. | ~ ʕalà nafsi-hī, vb., to be careful, be on one’s guard
►taḥāsaba, vb. VI, to settle a mutual account: Lt-stem, recipr.

►muḥāsib, var. muḥāsibǧī (Eg.), n., 1 accountant, bookkeeper; 2 comptroller, auditor: vn. III.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasiba, ↗ḥasuba, ↗ḥasb, ↗ḥasab, ↗ḥisāb, ↗ḥāsūb, ↗maḥsūb, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

maḥsūb مَحْسوب , pl. ‑ūn, maḥāsībᵘ

√ḤSB

adj.

1 pet, favorite; 2 obedient, subservient (ʕalà to s.o.) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ The value ʻpet, favorite’ is prob. orig. *‘held in high esteem’, maḥsūb being a PP I formed from ↗ḥasiba ʻto respect’ (rather than from ↗ḥasuba, as the latter is intr. and cannot have a PP). The meaning ʻobedient, subservient’ is secondary, expressing the perspective of the object that is held in high esteem with regard to the subject who does so.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ ↗ḥasaba.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

►maḥsūbiyyaẗ, n.f., 1 esteem enjoyed by s.o., position of distinction; 2 patronage, favored position, favouritism: abstr. formation in ‑iyyaẗ.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥasaba, ↗ḥasiba, ↗ḥasuba, ↗ḥasb, ↗ḥasab, ↗ḥisāb, ↗ḥāsūb, ↗muḥāsabaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ḤSB.

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