Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ṬRŠ_1 ‘(to be/come) deaf; deafness’ ↗ṭaraš
▪ ṬRŠ_2 ‘to vomit’ ↗ṭarraša
▪ ṬRŠ_3 ‘whitewashing’ ↗ṭarš_1
▪ ṬRŠ_4 (syr .) ‘herd, flock’ ↗ṭarš_2
▪ ṬRŠ_5 ‘mixed pickles’ ↗ṭuršī

Other values, now obsolete or dialectal only, include:

ṬRŠ_6 ‘to stand and sit (said of one who is convalescent), become convalescent, nearly recovered, and arise and walk’: ^†taṭarraša (Lane)
ṬRŠ_7 ‘to knock down’: EgAr ṭaraš (BadawiHinds)
ṬRŠ_8 ‘recherche de la richesse; habileté à la conquérir; gain au jeu’: YemAr ṭarš (DRS)
ṬRŠ_9 ‘semelle, chaussure’: YemAr ṭarrāš (DRS)
ṬRŠ_10 ‘nouveau-né’: YemAr ṭwēreš (DRS)
ṬRŠ_11 ‘to send’: YemAr ṭarraš ; cf. also ṭāriš ‘messenger’ (DRS)
ṬRŠ_12 ‘torch, flashlight’: EgAr ṭurš (BadawiHinds)
ṬRŠ_13 ‘horned viper’: EgAr ṭirēšaẗ, ṭurēšaẗ (BadawiHinds)

BAH2008: Ø

See DISC.

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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŚ-1 Syr ṭᵉrūšā ‘muet’, Mand ṭruša ‘sourd-muet, sourd’, Ar ʔaṭraš, ʔuṭrūš ‘sourd’. -2 Syr ṭᵉraš ‘asperger’, ṭūrāšā ‘souillure, aliments interdits’, Ar ṭarraša ‘répandre çà et là; vomir’, EgAr SudAr ṭaraš ‘vomir’, YemAr ṭarš ‘balayage’, maṭrašah ‘balai’, DaṯAr ṭaraš ‘asperger (d’eau), éclabousser’; Jib ṭeroś ‘emporter (inondation)’. -3 EgAr SudAr ‘donner un coup, mettre à bas’. -4 YemAr ṭarš ‘recherche de la richesse; habileté à la conquérir; gain au jeu’. -5 ṭarrāš ‘semelle, chaussure’. -6 EAr ṭarš, ṭrīš ‘bétail’. -7 YemAr ṭwēreš ‘nouveau-né’. -8 ṭarraš ‘envoyer’, ṭāriš ‘messager’.
▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŠ: EgAr SudAr PalAr MġrAr ṭurši ‘petits morceaux de légumes assaisonnés de ou confits au vinaigre’.

▪ ṬRŠ_1 : According to Nöldeke, quoted in DRS, the Aram forms are from Ar. Ar ʔaṭraš, ʔuṭrūš ‘deaf’, ṭaraš ‘deafness’, etc. thus stand alone as Ar idiosyncrasies within Sem where the words designing ‘deaf (and dumb)’ usually are taken from roots like *ṬMM ‘to be deaf and mute’, (WSem) *ṢMM ‘to be deaf, to have a damaged ear’ (preserved in Ar as such, ↗ṣamam), (CSem) *ḪRS ‘to be deaf and dumb’ (> Ar ↗ḫaras ‘dumbness, muteness’) – Kogan2011 (with references to SED, verbal roots 75, 64, and 32, respectively). In contrast to ṣamam, ṭaraš seems to denote a lighter form of deafness only, i.e., ‘hardness of hearing, amblyocousia’, cf. Kazimirski1860 ‘être un peu sourd, avoir l’oreille dure’. – Youssef2003 thinks the adj. ʔaṭrašᵘ is perhaps from Eg i͗wty (a neg. pronoun) + rwš ‘to care’, an opinion that is hardly tenable.
▪ ṬRŠ_2 : As in ṬRŠ_1, the Aram forms seem to be from Ar (DRS) and can therefore possibly not count as real cognates. But the situation is a bit different from that in ṬRŠ_1 since ṬRŠ_2 also appears in Jib and in many Ar dialects, with often other meanings than the MSA value ‘to vomit’. The original value seems to have been ‘to spread’ (cf. D-stem ClassAr ṭarraša Freytag1830: ‘sparsit’, Wahrmund1887: ‘ausstreuen’), perhaps (if not reversedly) denom. from ṬRŠ_3 ‘whitewashing, a certain kind of white earth, lime, chalk’, in the sense of *‘to spread white material (over a wall), besprinkle’, cf. the obsol. vb. I, ^†ṭaraša (u, ṭarš) ‘eine Mauer mit der weißen Erde ṭarš weißen; kratzen u. sprützen (Feder)’ (Wahrmund1887). The value ‘to spread, besprinkle’ is preserved in Syr ṭᵉraš, ClassAr ṭarraša and DaṯAr ṭaraš, while the sense has developed into resultative ‘blot, stain’ in Syr ṭūrāšā, ‘to vomit’ in MSA ṭaraša and EgAr SudAr ṭaraš, or the more general ‘to sweep away’ in YemAr ṭraš, and ‘to carry off, sweep away’ (said of an inundation) in Jib. – Any relation with the notion of *‘sending away, throwing, casting’ and/or *‘coming suddenly, surprisingly’ that perh. is at the basis of ṬRŠ_7, ṬRŠ_10, and ṬRŠ_11?
▪ ṬRŠ_3 ṭarš ‘whitewashing’ : not mentioned as an original value in DRS (and thus thought to be dependent on ṬRŠ_2 *‘to besprinkle’?). Dozy gives the item as ‘lait de chaux, blanc de chaux’, Wahrmund1887 as ‘eine weiße Erde zum Weißen der Wände’. While it could be taken from the vb. with the original meaning of *‘to spread’ (ṬRŠ_2), one could also imagine that the word is itself the etymon, generating (in Ar) a development *‘lime, chalk’ > ‘to besprinkle (a wall, etc.) with lime, to whiten’ > ‘to besprinkle, spread’ > ‘to vomit’.
▪ ṬRŠ_4 ṭarš (syr.) ‘herd, flock’ : fig. use of ṬRŠ_2 *‘to spread, besprinkle’, a herd of cattle or flock of sheep looking like ‘sprinkles’ on the pasture? WehrCowan1979 registers the value as MSA, but used particularly in SyrMSA, and DRS too marks it as an EAr phenomenon.
▪ ṬRŠ_5 ṭuršī ‘mixed pickles’ : from Pers toroš, torš ‘sour’, mPers turuš (or from Grk táriχon ‘salted fish eggs’?). If from the former, then the word goes back, ultimately, to IE *ters- ‘to become dry’ and is related to Lat terra ‘earth, land’, lit. *‘dry land’.
▪ ṬRŠ_6 ^†taṭarraša ‘to stand and sit (said of one who is convalescent), become convalescent, nearly recovered, and arise and walk’ (Freytag, Lane) : etymology obscure.
▪ ṬRŠ_7 EgAr ṭaraš ‘to knock down’ : etymology obscure. Any relation to other roots with initial ↗*ṬR- designating a sudden, often also violent movement away from the speaker (Ehret1989: *ṬR- ‘to send’)? (Cf. ↗ṭaraʔa ‘to fall upon unexpectedly, happen, occur’, ↗ṭaraḥa ‘to remove, turn from, avert, throw far away, fling, cast away’, ↗ṭarada ‘to push away, drive away, repel, expel, pursue, chase, drive together’?) – Cf. also ṬRŠ_2, ṬRŠ_10 and ṬRŠ_11.
▪ ṬRŠ_8 YemAr ṭarš ‘recherche de la richesse; habileté à la conquérir; gain au jeu’ : etymology obscure.
▪ ṬRŠ_9 YemAr ṭarrāš ‘semelle, chaussure’ : ?
▪ ṬRŠ_10 YemAr ṭwēreš ‘nouveau-né’ : obviously a diminuitive (from a PA *ṭāriš ?). Any relation to other items of the root denoting a sudden movement, a ‘sending out’ or ‘casting away’, as in ṬRŠ_2, ṬRŠ_7 and ṬRŠ_11?
▪ ṬRŠ_11 YemAr ṭarraš : With the meaning ‘to send’, the item comes closest to the ‘sending’ that Ehret1989 identified as one of the basic values of a 2-cons. "root nucleus" ↗*ṬR- from which a number of 3-cons. roots seems to be derived, cf. ṬRŠ_7. – Cf. perh. also ṬRŠ_2 and ṬRŠ_10.
▪ ṬRŠ_12 EgAr ṭurš ‘torch, flashlight’ : from Engl torch.
▪ ṬRŠ_13 EgAr ṭirēšaẗ, ṭurēšaẗ ‘horned viper’ : ?

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ṭaraš‑ طَرَشَ , u (ṭarš)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ṬRŠ

vb., I

to vomit, throw up, disgorge – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Etymology unclear. A relation with ↗ṭaraš ‘deafness’ seems rather unlikely.
▪ The value ‘to vomit’ may be a rather late development from an original ‘to spread, besprinkle’.
▪ Unless ↗ṭarš_1 ‘whitewashing’ is itself dependent on a vb. with the original meaning ‘to besprinkle’, this vb. may be denom. from ṭarš_1. If this is the case, the semantic development must have been *‘lime, chalk’ > ‘to besprinkle (a wall, etc.) with lime, to whiten’ > ‘to besprinkle, spread’ > ‘to vomit’.

▪ …

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŚ-2 Syr ṭᵉraš ‘asperger’, ṭūrāšā ‘souillure, aliments interdits’, Ar ṭarraša ‘répandre çà et là; vomir’, EgAr SudAr ṭaraš ‘vomir’, YemAr ṭarš ‘balayage’, maṭrašah ‘balai’, DaṯAr ṭaraš ‘asperger (d’eau), éclabousser’; Jib ṭeroś ‘emporter (inondation)’.

▪ According to DRS, the Aram forms seem to be from Ar and can therefore possibly not count as real cognates. However, the MSA word also appears in many Ar dialects as well as in Jib, with often differing meanings. The original value seems to have been ‘to spread’, cf. ClassAr (D-stem) ṭarraša ‘sparsit’ (Freytag1830), ‘ausstreuen’ (Wahrmund1887). This value is perhaps denom. from ↗ṭarš_1 ‘whitewashing, a certain kind of white earth, lime, chalk’, in the sense of *‘to spread white material (over a wall), besprinkle’, cf. the obsol. vb. I, ^†ṭaraša (u, ṭarš) ‘eine Mauer mit der weißen Erde ṭarš weißen; kratzen u. sprützen (Feder)’ (Wahrmund1887).¹ The value ‘to spread, besprinkle’ is preserved in Syr ṭᵉraš, ClassAr ṭarraša and DaṯAr ṭaraš, while the sense has developed into resultative ‘blot, stain’ in Syr ṭūrāšā, ‘to vomit’ in MSA ṭaraša and EgAr SudAr ṭaraš, or the more general ‘to sweep away’ in YemAr ṭraš, and ‘to carry off, sweep away’ (said of an inundation) in Jib.
▪ Any relation with the notion of *‘sending away, throwing, casting’ and/or *‘coming suddenly, surprisingly’ that perh. is at the basis of EgAr ṭaraš ‘to knock down’, YemAr ṭwēreš ‘newborn’, YemAr ṭarraš ‘to send’? Cf. ↗ṬRŠ and the 2-cons. "root nucleus" ↗*ṬR-.

1. However, it could also be the other way round, i.e., ṭarš_1 being a lexicalized special use of the vn. I.

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► muṭarriš, adj., 1 vomitive; 2 emetic: PA II.
► ṭarš, n., 1 whitewashing: perh. the etymon proper? – 2 ↗ṭarš_2.

For other items of √ṬRŠ, cf. ↗ṭaraš, ↗ṭarš_1, ↗ṭarš_2, ↗ṭuršī, and, for the general picture, ↗ṬRŠ.

ṭarš طرش (disambig.)

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ṬRŠ

▪ ṭarš_1 ‘whitewashing’ ↗ṭarš_1
▪ ṭarš_2 ‘herd, flock’ ↗ṭarš_2

↗ṭarš_1, ↗ṭarš_2.

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↗ṭarš_1, ↗ṭarš_2.

¹ṭarš طَرْش

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ṬRŠ

whitewashing – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Etymology unclear. A relation with ↗ṭaraš ‘deafness’ seems rather unlikely.
▪ The value ‘whitewashing’ may be dependent on the vb. I ↗ṭaraša with the original meaning ‘to besprinkle’ (MSA: ‘to vomit’). However, it cannot be excluded that the vb. itself is denom. from ṭarš. If this is the case the semantic development can be described as *ṭarš ‘lime, chalk’ > ṭaraša ‘to besprinkle (a wall, etc.) with lime, to whiten’ > ‘to besprinkle, spread’ > ‘to vomit’.

▪ …

▪ (?) DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŚ-2 Syr ṭᵉraš ‘asperger’, ṭūrāšā ‘souillure, aliments interdits’, Ar ṭarraša ‘répandre çà et là; vomir’, EgAr SudAr ṭaraš ‘vomir’, YemAr ṭarš ‘balayage’, maṭrašah ‘balai’, DaṯAr ṭaraš ‘asperger (d’eau), éclabousser’; Jib ṭeroś ‘emporter (inondation)’.

▪ Cf. above, section CONC, and ↗ṭaraša.

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For other items of √ṬRŠ, cf. ↗ṭaraš, ↗ṭaraša, ↗ṭarš_2, ↗ṭuršī, and, for the general picture, ↗ṬRŠ.

²ṭarš طَرْش , pl. ṭurūš

√ṬRŠ

(syr .) herd (of cattle), flock (of sheep) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Etymology unclear. DRS lists the word as a distinct value, without any obvious cognates.
▪ It may, however, be a vn., and if so, used in fig. sense, from the vb. I ↗ṭaraša with the original meaning of ‘to spread, besprinkle’, a herd of cattle or flock of sheep being regarded as ‘sprinkles’ scattered over the pasture.
▪ WehrCowan1979 registers the value as SyrAr (though part of the MSA vocabulary), and DRS too marks it as an EAr phenomenon.

▪ …

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŚ-6 EAr ṭarš, ṭrīš ‘bétail’.
▪ (?) DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŚ-2 Syr ṭᵉraš ‘asperger’, ṭūrāšā ‘souillure, aliments interdits’, Ar ṭarraša ‘répandre çà et là; vomir’, EgAr SudAr ṭaraš ‘vomir’, YemAr ṭarš ‘balayage’, maṭrašah ‘balai’, DaṯAr ṭaraš ‘asperger (d’eau), éclabousser’; Jib ṭeroś ‘emporter (inondation)’.

▪ The word may be akin to the vb. ↗ṭaraša. But such an affiliation cannot be counted as secured.

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For other items of √ṬRŠ, cf. ↗ṭaraš, ↗ṭaraša, ↗ṭarš_1, ↗ṭuršī, and, for the general picture, ↗ṬRŠ.

ṭaraš طَرَش

√ṬRŠ

deafness – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Etymology unclear. The item may be without cognates in Sem. An Ar specificity?
▪ For Youssef2003’s suggestion to derive the adj. ʔaṭrašᵘ from Eg, see below, section DISC.
▪ In contrast to another word for ‘deafness’, ↗ṣamam (with cognates in WSem), Ar ṭaraš seems to denote a lighter form of deafness only, i.e., ‘hardness of hearing, amblyocousia’, cf. Kazimirski1860 ‘être un peu sourd, avoir l’oreille dure’. The need to differentiate between various degrees of deafness may thus have been the reason for the development of the parallelism ṣamam / ṭaraš.

▪ …

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŚ-1 Syr ṭᵉrūšā ‘muet’, Mand ṭruša ‘sourd-muet, sourd’, Ar ʔaṭraš, ʔuṭrūš ‘sourd’.

▪ According to Nöldeke, quoted in DRS, the Aram (Syr, Mand) forms are from Ar.
▪ Ar ʔaṭraš, ʔuṭrūš ‘deaf’, ṭaraš ‘deafness’, etc. thus may stand alone as an Ar idiosyncrasy within Sem where the words designing ‘deaf (and dumb)’ usually are taken from roots like *ṬMM ‘to be deaf and mute’, (WSem) *ṢMM ‘to be deaf, have a damaged ear’ (preserved in Ar as such, ↗ṣamam), (CSem) *ḪRS ‘to be deaf and dumb’ (> Ar ↗ḫaras ‘dumbness, muteness’) – Kogan2011 (with references to SED, verbal roots 75, 64, and 32, respectively).
▪ Youssef2003’s suggestion that the adj. ʔaṭrašᵘ perh. is from Eg i͗wty (a neg. pronoun) + rwš ‘to care’, seems to be hardly tenable.

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► ṭariša, a (ṭaraš), vb. I, to be or become deaf: denom.
► ṭarraša, vb. II, to deafen (s.o.): D-stem, denom., caus. – For earlier values, now obsolete, cf. ṬRŠ_2 in ↗ṬRŠ.
► ṭuršaẗ, n.f., deafness: quasi-vn. I.
► ʔaṭrašᵘ, f. ṭaršāʔᵘ, pl. ṭurš, adj., deaf: ʔafʕalᵘ for colours and diseases. | ~ ʔasakkᵘ, adj., stone-deaf

For other items of √ṬRŠ, cf. ↗ṭaraša, ↗ṭarš_1, ↗ṭarš_2, ↗ṭuršī, and, for the general picture, ↗ṬRŠ.

ʔaṭrašᵘ أطْرشُ , f. ṭaršāʔᵘ , pl. ṭurš

√ṬRŠ

adj.

deaf – WehrCowan1979.

↗ṭaraš.

▪ …

▪ ↗ṭaraš

▪ ↗ṭaraš
▪ Youssef2003’s suggestion that ʔaṭrašᵘ perh. is from Eg i͗wty (a neg. pronoun) + rwš ‘to care’, seems hardly to be tenable.

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► ʔaṭrašᵘ ʔasakkᵘ, adj., stone-deaf

For other items, cf. ↗ṭaraš.

ṭuršī طُرْشي

√ṬRŠ, ṬRŠī

mixed pickles – WehrCowan1979.

▪ DRS: From Pers turši. – Rolland2014a: From Pers toroš, torš ‘sour’, mPers turuš ‘strong, sour taste’.
▪ Another hypothesis is: from Grk táriχon ‘roe, salted fish eggs’ (cf. ↗baṭraḫ).

▪ …

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRŠ: EgAr SudAr PalAr MġrAr ṭurši ‘petits morceaux de légumes assaisonnés de ou confits au vinaigre’.

▪ Nişanyan_15May2015 (and EtymOnline , for the IE dimension): from Pers turš ‘sour, salty’, akin to Av taršna- ‘to become dry, become thirsty’, from IE *trs- , deriv. of *ters- ‘to become dry’. Cf. Lat terra ‘earth, land’, lit. *‘dry land’ (as opposed to ‘sea’) < *tersa , Engl thirst (oEngl þurst, from protGerm *thurstu- , cf., oSax thurst, Fris torst, Du dorst, oHGe Ge durst), from protGerm vb.al stem *thurs- (Goth thaursjan, oEngl thyrre), from IE root *ters- ‘to dry’ (cf. also Skr tarsayati ‘dries up’, Av tarshu- ‘dry, solid’, Grk terésesthai ‘to be/come dry’, Lat torrere ‘to dry up, parch’, Goth þaursus ‘dry, barren’, oHGe thurri, Ge dürr, oEngl þyrre ‘dry’, oEngl þurstig ‘thirsty’); fig. sense of ‘vehement desire’ is attested from c1200).

▪ From the same source as Ar ṭuršī is Tu turşu: 1429 turş ‘sour’ (ʔAḥmed b. Ḳāḍı-i Manyas, Gülistān tercümesi), <1451 ‘fermented vegetables’ (anon., Ferec baʕd eş-şidde) – Nişanyan15May2015.

For other items of √ṬRŠ, cf. ↗ṭaraš, ↗ṭaraša, ↗ṭarš_1, ↗ṭarš_2, and, for the general picture, ↗ṬRŠ.

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