Bibliotheca Polyglotta

♦ ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): No verbal root. kaʔs is considered to be an early borrowing, perh. from Aram, wine, a cup or glass containing wine (not when it is empty).

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kaʔs كَأْس , var. kās , pl. kuʔūs , kiʔās , kaʔsāt

√KʔS

n., f.

cup (also victory trophy); drinking glass, tumbler; goblet; chalice, calix; calyx (bot.) – WehrCowan1979.

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▪ eC7 Q 37:45, 52:23, 56:18, 76:5,17, 78:34 ‘cup’.

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#Kʔ/WS: Akk kās , Ug ks, Hbr kōs, Aram kāsā ‘coupe, gobelet’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1401: Akk kāsu ‘vessel for beer’, Hbr kōs ‘bowl’. – Outside Sem: Eg k3s ‘vessel’, Hausa kōc̣ō ‘kind of drum’, and CCh words like kwasa-ra, kwiči-te, kwes-tə, kwaʒa, koso-ro, kwoso-to, kwəʒa, kwāʒa.
▪ TB2007 #253: (Sem forms like in Orel&Stolbova1994). Outside Sem: (late) Eg k3s ‘vessel’; WCh: Hausa kṑc̣ó; CCh: kùčè-ta (in 3 languages), kwàʒa (3 lang.), kwaʒà (2 lang.), and kwǝšà-rà, gwâdǯa, kwǝ̀ǯa, kùsù-re, kóso-ró (1 lang. each); ECh: kɛ̀-kɛ́ɛsè ‘pot, mug’ (1 lang.)

▪ DRS 10 (2012)#Kʔ/WS: »La forme étymologique est-elle kaʔs… ou kās ? Edzard a suggéré que kaʔs serait secondaire, analogique de raʔs.
▪ Jeffrey1938, 245-6: »It is found only in early passages in descriptions of the pleasures of Paradise. – This is not a SSem word, as it is entirely lacking in Eth [Gz] and without a root and of uncertain pl. in Ar. There can thus be little doubt of its Aram origin.¹ – The Hbr word is kōs, while in the Ras Shamra texts we have ks, and in Aram kwsʔ, ksʔ, and kwzʔ (cf. Arab kūz), and Syr kāsā.² As the Syr kāsā seems to be the source of the Pers kāseh ³ , we may take it as most probable that the Ar also was borrowed at an early period⁴ from the same source.«
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1401 reconstructs Sem *kaʔs‑ ‘vessel for beerbowl’, WCh *kwac‑ ‘kind of drum’ (contracted from *kaʔwac‑), CCh *kwac‑ (contraction from *kaʔwac‑ ?) ‘quiver’. As an AfrAs ancestor the authors reconstruct AfrAs *kaʔoc‑ ‘vessel’.
▪ TB2007 reconstruct: Sem *kaʔs- ¹‘vessel for beer’, ²‘bowl’, Eg k3s ‘vessel’, WCh *k˅ʔwac‑ ‘¹kind of a drum; ²gourd-dipper’, ECh *k˅-k˅s‑ ‘pot, mug’, all from AfrAs *kaʔ/wac- ‘vessel, receptacle’

1. Fraenkel, Fremdw, 171; Zimmern, Akkad. Fremdw, 34. D. H. Müller, however, WZKM, i, 27, thinks that the medial Hamza proves it to be genuine Ar. 2. Cf. also the ks of the Elephantine papyri (Cowley, Aramaic Papyri, No. 61). 3. Addai Sher, 131. The Pers Lexicons take this to be the source of the Ar word, cf. Vullers, Lex, ii, 769: » kās moʕarrab-e kāseh ast« 4. It occurs in the early poets, e.g. Al-Aʕšā and ʕAlqama.

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► kaʔs al-ʕālam, n., world cup

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