Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ KRW_1 ‘globe, sphere; ball’ ↗kuraẗ ▪ KRW_2 ‘(a variety of) curlew, plover (Oedicnemus crepitans)’ ↗karawān
▪ KRW_3 ‘to dig’ ↗karā, also karà, hence grouped under ↗KRW/Y
▪ KRW_4 ‘caraway’ ↗karawyā (↗KRWYā)
▪ KRW_5 : see also ↗KRW/Y and ↗KRY

Other values, now obsolete, include (WKAS I 1970, Hava1899, BK1860):

▪ ^†KRW_6 ‘to round s.th.; to line (a well) with wood | garnir de troncs d’arbres l’intérieur (un puits)’: ^†karā (u, karw)
▪ ^†KRW_7 ‘to walk or prance in a particular manner (as an innate defect, of a horse)’: ^†²karā (impf. u); cf. also ^†mukarriⁿ, mukāriⁿ ‘walking or prancing in a particular manner (of a camel)’ (WKAS)
▪ ^†KRW_ ‘…’: ^†...

▪ [gnrl] : Many values in the defective root KRW can be analyzed as extensions of the 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*KR , the “purest” reflex of which are ↗KRː (KRR) and the reduplicating ↗KRKR but which also reappears in KRW, ↗KRW/Y, ↗KRY, ↗KWR, and others (cf. DRS #KR ).
▪ [v1] : The 2-cons. kuraẗ is usually analyzed as from 3-cons. √KRW. But the basic idea of *‘roundness’ is already present in the 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*KR , the “purest” reflexes of which are ↗KRː (KRR) and the reduplicating ↗KRKR. – Within √KRW, the closest relative is the (now obsol.) vb. ^†karā (u, karw) ‘to round s.th.; to line (a well) with wood’ (↗KRW). However, ‘ball’ can also be analyzed as the result of ‘piling up, heaping up’, as found in ^†⁴karkara ‘to collect, blow into a ball (wind the clouds); to pile up (s.th.)’ (↗^†KRKR_4), a specialised development from ↗²karra ‘to return with the aim of resupplying o.s. with ammunition/troops’.¹ Cf. also EgAr ↗ku(r)rāriyyaẗ ‘spool, bobbin, reel (WehrCowan1976); ball (of string, wool etc.) (BadawiHinds1986)’. – In DRS, other Sem items meaning ‘ball’ etc. do not appear sub √KRW but ↗√KRː (KRR) (cf. below, section COGN).
▪ [v2] : Accord. to Asbaghi1988, Ar karawān ‘(a variety of) curlew, plover’ is from Pers kārwānak.² – Ḍinnāwī2004 and Rolland2014, too, think the word is of Pers origin, but give the etymon as Pers kerwān. Rolland2014 would not exclude an inverse dependence, though, i.e., Pers < Ar, in which case one may assume a relation to ^†[v7] and/or sup>†²kariya (a, karàⁿ) ‘to have thin and parted legs | avoir les jambes minces et écartées’, on account of the thinness of the bird’s legs (↗^†KRY_5).
▪ [v3] : Like *‘roundness’, also *‘to dig’ is a basic notion of the 2-cons. nucleus ↗*KR . In Ar, its reflexes show both W and Y as R₃, therefore karā ~ karà is grouped under ↗KRW/Y in this dictionary.
▪ [v4] : karawyā ‘caraway’ is a borrowing and therefore treated separately, see ↗KRWYā.
▪ ^†[v6] : see above, [v1] ‘ball’.
▪ ^†[v7] : ^†²karā (u) ‘to walk or prance in a particular manner (as an innate defect, of a horse)’ seems to be akin to, or perh. even identical with, sup>†²kariya (a, karàⁿ) ‘to have thin and parted legs | avoir les jambes minces et écartées’ (↗^†KRY_5, with also ^†karāⁿ ‘thinness of the shank’), listed s.r. √KRW in DRS (see COGN below, DRS #KRW-4) and compared to ^†karaʕ ‘thinness of the shank’ by Ullmann in WKAS I 1970 (↗√KRʕ); further related is possibly also ^†karà (i, kary) ‘to run swiftly | se mettre à courir à toutes jambes, courir en ramassant, pour ainsi dire, rapidement ses pieds’ (↗^†KRY_6), and perh. also [v2] (unless borrowed from Pers).
▪ …

1. Cf. also ^†kirkiraẗ ‘callosity on the breast of the camel etc.; mass, crowd, troop of horsemen’ – in a broader sense, all these clouds, crowds, troops, callosities, etc. are “balls”… . 2. Following Moḥammad Ḥoseyn Ḫalaf Tabrizi Borhān, Borhān Qāṭeʕ (Dictionnaire de la langue Persane), ed. Moḥammad Moʕin, 5 vols., Teheran 1964.

–

▪ DRS #KRW-1 Akk karū, Syr kᵊrā, kᵊrī ‘être court, devenir court’ [↗KRY]. -2 kurwah ‘champ ensemencé’. -3 Ar karā ‘jouer à la balle’. -4 karāⁿ ‘minceur des jambes’ [↗KRY]. -5 karawān : nom d’un oiseau (courlis ? pluvier ?).
▪ Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR) and ↗KRKR.
▪ ...

DISC ▪ [v1]/[v2] DRS ad #KRW-3/4: Nöldeke NBSS:158 does not think that kuraẗ ‘ball’ and ^†karāⁿ ‘thinness of the shank’ are related.
▪ [v7] : For some reason (unclear to me – S.G.), BK1860 analyzes an animal’s (but also a woman’s) ‘walking or prancing in a particular manner’ (‘marcher en posant les pieds tout droit et roide sur le sol’) as extended use (« de là ») of ↗karā/à (√KRW/Y) ‘to dig |creuser la terre, creuser un canal)’.
▪ …

–

kuraẗ كُرة , pl. -āt, kuràⁿ

√KRW

n.f.

1 globe, sphere; 2 ball – WehrCowan1979

▪ The 2-cons. kuraẗ is usually analyzed as from 3-cons. ↗KRW. But the basic idea of *‘roundness’ is already present in the 2-cons. root nucleus ↗*KR , the “purest” reflexes of which are ↗KRː (KRR) and the reduplicating ↗KRKR.
▪ Within √KRW, the closest relative is the (now obsol.) vb. ^†karā (u, karw) ‘to round s.th.; to line (a well) with wood’ (↗KRW). However, ‘ball’ can also be analyzed as the result of ‘piling up, heaping up’, as found in ^†⁴karkara ‘to collect, blow into a ball (wind the clouds); to pile up (s.th.)’ (↗^†KRKR_4), a specialised development from ↗²karra ‘to return with the aim of resupplying o.s. with ammunition/troops’. Cf. also EgAr ↗ku(r)rāriyyaẗ ‘spool, bobbin, reel (WehrCowan1976); ball (of string, wool etc.) (BadawiHinds1986)’. – In DRS, other Sem items meaning ‘ball’ etc. do not appear sub √KRW but ↗√KRː (KRR) (cf. below, section COGN).
▪ …

▪ WKAS I 1970: ^†¹karā, u ‘to play ball’: denom.
▪ …

▪ DRS #KRW-1-2 ... . -3 Ar karā ‘jouer à la balle’. -4-5 ....
▪ DRS #KRR-1 Ar karra ‘revenir sur ses pas, revenir à la charge’, karrara ‘répéter, réitérer’, Tham kr ‘ramener, revenir’, MġrAr karrar ‘répéter une leçon, repasser le Coran dans une recitation ininterrompue’, Sab kr ‘répéter (une action)’¹ ; Te kärara ‘rouler (vers le bas)’, Tña kärärä ‘être rond’, Amh kʷärrärä ‘échafauder, mettre l’un sur l’autre’. - Ar kurraẗ, Te korit ‘balle’, Amh kʷärät ‘caillou’.² -2-13 ....
▪ DRS #KRKR-1 Ug krkr ‘enrouler, entortiller; faire tournoyer (doigts)’, Hbr *kirkēr ‘aller rapidement, courir, bouger de ci de là, danser’, JudPalAram kirker ‘tourner autour’, Ar karkara ‘tourner (la meule), amasser, entasser (des objets)’, takarkara ‘hésiter’; MġrAr karkar ‘traîner derrière soi’ ; Gz ʔankʷarkʷara ‘rouler, tourner autour’, Tña kärärä, ʔənkʷərkʷər bälä, ʔankʷäraräyä ‘être rond’, Te kärkära ‘rouler’, ʔänkʷärkʷära ‘dégringoler’, Amh tänkʷäräkkʷärä ‘rouler’; kʷäräkkʷärä ‘fouiller avec le doigt dans l’oreille pour en retirer le cérumen’. - ? Te kärkär bela ‘faire du bruit’, Amh täkärakkärä ‘se quereller’. | Outside Sem: (Cush) Sa Bil karkar ‘to be round’ – Leslau EDG III: 349, CDG 292.³ -2-8 ....
▪ …

1. Not in SabaWeb! 2. La racine est considérée comme commune au Sem et Cush par Leslau qui cite : Sa Bil karkar ‘être rond’, Or kururre ‘balle de bois’, emprunté par le Gur sous la forme kurure. – Voir aussi M. Cohen, Essai, 114. 3. DRS #KRKR-1 : « Gordon UT 423 #1034 rapproche Copt (B) skerker ‘s’enrouler’, (S) skorkr ‘rouler’, considérant ces forms comme des causatifs à préfixe s-, la base étant krkr, ce qui n’est pas l’interprétation habituelle. V. Vycichl, DELC 344. »

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

▪ If Nourai 247 is right, Pers ǧarreʰ ‘jar’ is reimported from Ar ǧarraẗ, which, the author claims, is from Pers koreʰ ‘sphere, planet, ball’, in its turn allegedly from Ar kuraẗ ‘id.’.
▪ …

►kuraẗ al-ʔarḍ and kuraẗ ʔarḍiyyaẗ, n.f., terrestrial globe, globe;
►kuraẗ al-ṯalǧ, n.f., snowball;
►kuraẗ al-sallaẗ, n.f., basketball;
►kuraẗ al-ṭāwulaẗ, n.f., table tennis;
►kuraẗ al-qadam, n.f., football, soccer;
►kuraẗ al-kawākib, n.f., celestial sphere;
►kurāt laḥm, nonhum.pl., small meatballs;
►kuraẗ al-māʔ, n.f., water polo;
►kuraẗ al-yad, n.f., (European) handball;
►niṣf al-kuraẗ, n., hemisphere

►kurayyaẗ, n.f., 1 globule; 2 pellet: dimin. | al-kurayyāt al-ḥamrāʔ\al-ḥumr, the red corpuscles, erythrocytes
►kurī and ^BP#4691kurawī, adj., globular, globate, globose, ball-shaped, ball-like, spherical: nsb-adj.
►kurawiyyaẗ, n.f., globosity, sphericity, roundness: abstr. formation in ¬-iyyaẗ | kurawiyyaẗ al-ʔarḍ, the sphericity of the earth

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗karawān, ↗karā/à (√KRW/Y), and ↗karawyā (√KRWYā), as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRW. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRKR, ↗KRW/Y, and ↗KRY.

karawān كَرَوان

√KRW

(a variety of) curlew, plover (Oedicnemus crepitans) – WehrCowan1976

▪ Accord. to Asbaghi1988 from Pers kārwānak.³
▪ According to Ḍinnāwī2004 and Rolland2014, who also think the word is of Pers origin, the etymon is Pers kerwān. Rolland2014 would not exclude the inverse, though, i.e., Ar > Pers.
▪ …

3. Following Moḥammad Ḥoseyn Ḫalaf Tabrizi Borhān, Borhān Qāṭeʕ (Dictionnaire de la langue Persane), ed. Moḥammad Moʕin, 5 vols., Teheran 1964.

▪ …

▪ DRS #KRW-1-3 .... -4 karāⁿ ‘minceur des jambes’ [↗KRY]. -5 karawān : nom d’un oiseau (courlis ? pluvier ?).
▪ Cf. perh. also ↗^†KRW_7 and/or ↗^†KRY_5.
▪ …

▪ …

–

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗kuraẗ, ↗karā/à (√KRW/Y), and ↗karawyā (√KRWYā), as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRW. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRKR, ↗KRW/Y, and ↗KRY.

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